scholarly journals METHODS FOR CALCULATING WATER USE FOR DAIRY PRODUCTS PRODUCTION ENTERPRISES, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE PROCESSED RAW MATERIALS AND TYPES OF PRODUCED PRODUCTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Palina N. Zakharko ◽  
◽  
Sniazhana A. Dubianok ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Reasonable Approach

Regulation of water use at industrial enterprises, especially at water-intensive enterprises, in a changing climate is an important economic and environmental task. One of the ways of sustainable water use at enterprises is the constant planning of water consumption and wastewater disposal in relation to the volumes and types of products produced. From a scientific point of view, at water-intensive enterprises, the most reasonable approach to optimizing water use is the development of individual technological standards for water use (water consumption and disposal). Dairy enterprises are quite water- intensive, the water use of which depends on a number of factors: assortment of raw materials for the production of products and types of products; diversification of production processes; the formation and processing of by-products, which often leads to an increase in the volume of wastewater formation in relation to the volume of water consumption; technologies for sanitizing equipment. Taking into account the specifics of production processes, a Methodology for calculating water use for enterprises for the production of dairy products, taking into account the processed raw materials and manufactured products, has been developed. The Methodology substantiates the need to change the terminology in terms of water use rationing, developed criteria for choosing two approaches to the development of individual technological standards for water use, detailed articles of water consumption and water disposal, and clarified certain parameters for their calculation. Approbation of the Methodology showed that the proposed approaches and individual parameters for calculating water use items allow the enterprise to more accurately predict the volumes of water consumption and wastewater disposal when planning production activities, which is especially important for water-intensive industries in conditions of limited available water resources.

STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DAIRY-AND-MEAT INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-305
Author(s):  
Volodymyr LAGODIIENKO ◽  
Olexander BOGDANOV
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Dairy Processing

Consumption of dairy and meat products rich in valuable and essential nutrients holds a special place in the diet of the population of all ages. Along with sufficient and balanced consumption of meat and dairy products the issue of their security and quality is no less important. There is a trend of reducing the production volumes of beef and veal, caused by the decrease in demand for this type of meat, which is more expensive than pork and poultry. Industrial enterprises, producing finished meat products on the basis of cattle meat, should choose one of two strategies of resource provision: creation of the own raw material zone due to the local producers and transport links or formation of long-term import contracts. The production of pork and poultry is growing. Production of sausages and similar products from meat is reducing, which is caused by the fact that a part of households refuses to consume finished meat products with added preservation agents, coloring agents, color stabilizers, flavor intensifiers, soy, protein, etc. Taking this into account, national producers of finished meat products should review the approaches to security and quality of their produce. Otherwise, their main threats will be a further reduction of supply and loss of a market niche. An acute problem of the national dairy processing industry is the growing deficit of milk raw material. The main reason for insufficient production volumes of milk by agricultural producers is a low purchasing price offered them by national dairy processing enterprises. Therefore, it is necessary to stimulate domestic demand for the finished dairy products in order to revitalize investment activity of milk processing enterprises and to increase purchasing prices of milk raw products, in the first place, at the cost of special social care programs for low-income people. Key words: dairy-and-meat industry, beef and veal, pork, poultry meat, sausages and similar products from meat, gastronomic culture, milk raw materials, deficit, dairy products, milk products, SCSU, purchase prices, food aid.

scholarly journals LEGAL REGULATION OF INDUSTRIAL WATER USE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-508
Author(s):  
M.B. Uage
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Water Legislation

The article presents the characteristics of the legislation regulating the right of water use of industrial enterprises in the European Union. Three periods of formation and development of the provisions of water legislation that restrict or prohibit the industrial discharge of hazardous substances into the water are considered. The institute of integrated environmental permitting is considered. It is noted that the issuance of this type of permits is carried out on the basis of the best available technologies. The best available technologies are those technologies that achieve a high level of environmental protection in the most effective way, developed and ready for implementation, cost-effective, technically feasible, applicable to a particular enterprise. At the same time, enterprises should prevent large-scale and cross-border environmental pollution, effectively use water, energy, raw materials, reduce the risks of accidents and minimize the consequences, monitor emissions, and reclaim the land after the termination of their activities. It is concluded that according to the European water legislation, water is defined as a natural object, and in some cases-as a natural resource that requires special protection from the state.

scholarly journals Problems of Sustainable Transport of Large-Sized Roundwood

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Mydlarz ◽  
Marek Wieruszewski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Number Of Factors

When considering the economic and environmental aspects of forestry, especially the issues related to timber harvesting, emphasis should be placed on the importance of the availability of raw material resources for the sustainable flow of goods. It would also be difficult to disregard certain issues related to transport, which play a key role in the efficient flow of wooden raw materials. It has to be noticed that timber transport options are limited by a number of factors, including the considerable fragmentation of wood resources and the lack of adequately developed railway transport facilities. This paper focuses on issues related to the road transport of timber carried out by transport companies. Observations to date of large-sized roundwood (thicker than 14 cm and longer than 3 m) transport in Poland indicate a relatively frequent occurrence of overloaded vehicles, exceeding the permissible total weight limit. Empirical evidence also suggests that in many cases, it is an effect of improperly endorsed standards with regard to the density of the transported material. Moreover, there is a clear correlation between the loading volume and economic as well as environmental factors. Therefore, the aim of this article was to show both the current situation in the transport of bulky timber and to present the possibilities for its optimization, from the point of view of locational, economic and environmental factors.

scholarly journals National Approaches to the Normalization of Water Use at Enterprises of the Republic of Belarus and the Ways of their Improvement.

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Republic

The article discusses methodological approaches to the development of norms, standards for water consumption and wastewater disposal, aimed at the rational use of water resources, as well as substantiates the need to develop a document that establishes the criteria and procedure for assessing the effectiveness of water protection activities in the use and protection of water resources for any enterprise in the Republic of Belarus. The directions for improving the legislation of the Republic of Belarus in terms of regulation of water use are proposed, taking into account the experience of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals APONTAMENTOS SOBRE O PLANEJAMENTO URBANO RELATIVO AO USO DA ÁGUA EM OURINHOS-SP

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Franciele Miranda Ferreira Dias
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Il Y A ◽  
Geographical Point ◽  
Space Occupation

O trabalho discute, no âmbito da Geografia urbana, a evolução do uso a água em Ourinhos-SP, notadamente quanto à área urbana. Assim, consultou-se o Plano Diretor de Padre Lebret de 1955, que se refere ao período inicial de ocupação do espaço urbano do referido município. Há também um esforço quanto à compreensão, do ponto de vista histórico e geográfico acerca de como a questão da água foi tratada nessa cidade, considerando da gênese de Ourinhos até a década de 1950. Salienta-se a importância que o Rio Paranapanema apresentou durante a gênese do núcleo urbano devido ao fato de ser lugar da fonte de matéria-prima da indústria oleira local, sendo a mesma responsável pela ocupação e expansão urbana da região sul de Ourinhos.Palavras-chave: Plano Diretor; Ourinhos; Geografia Urbana.NOTES ABOUT URBAIN PLAINING COUNCERNING OF WATER USE IN OURINHOS – SPABSTRACTThe paper points out in the field of urban Geography, the water use evolution in Ourinhos-SP, mainly in the urban area. Thus, it was referred to the plan director of Padre Lebret dated of 1955, which refers to the initial period of urban space occupation in that municipality. There is also an effort on the understanding the historical and geographical point of view about how the issue of water was treated in this town, considering from genesis of Ourinhos until the 1950s emphasizing the importance of the Rio Paranapanema presented during the genesis the urban core because it was the place of raw materials supply from the local pottery industry, being the same responsible for the occupation and urban sprawl of south Ourinhos region.Keywords: Master Plan; Ourinhos; Urban Geography.NOTES SUR LE URBANISME EN CE QUI CONCERNE L'UTILISATION DE L'EAU DANS OURINHOS-SPRÉSUMÉLe travail examine dans le contexte de la Géographie urbaine, l'évolution de l'utilisation de l'eau dans Ourinhos - SP, notamment dans la zone urbaine. Ainsi, il fait référence au plan directeur du Padre Lebret du 1955, qui se réfère à la période initiale d'occupation de l'espace urbain de la municipalité. Il y a aussi un effort sur la compréhension du point historique et géographique de vue sur la façon dont la question de l'eau a été traitée dans cette ville, compte tenu de la genèse de Ourinhos jusqu'à ce que les années 1950 mettent l'accent sur l'importance du Rio Paranapanema présenté lors de la genèse le noyau urbain en raison du fait que le lieu de fourniture de matières premières de l'industrie de la poterie locale, étant le même responsable de l'occupation et de l'étalement urbain de la région sud Ourinhos.Mots clés: Plan Directeur; Ourinhos; Géographie Urbaine.

Organizational Culture in the Focus of Improving Risk Management in the Enterprise

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
R. M. Kachalov ◽  
Yu. A. Sleptsova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Risk ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Operational Theory ◽  
Stable Forms

The article considers the manifestations of the phenomenon of economic risk in the socioeconomic ecosystems of industrial enterprises, examines and differentiates the pragmatic and cultural aspects of the concept of "economic risk management". In terms of methodology, the study is based on the operational theory of risk management, and also uses tools to describe the organizational culture of risk management. Pragmatic and cultural differences in the characteristics of economic risk are identified at the level of stable forms of management activity with the involvement of the main provisions of the operational theory of risk management. The phenomenon of risk is considered in the ontological space as an artificial category of activity of industrial enterprises and other economic agents that form a socio-economic ecosystem. This phenomenon is studied as a specific form of social communication associated with the desire to assess the uncertain future in the present time, mainly from the point of view of analysis and management of the level of economic risk in the enterprise.

ADAPTATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MILK PRODUCERS IN THE NEW ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.Н. СУРОВЦЕВ ◽  
Е.Н. ПАЮРОВА
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
World Market ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
State Support ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
The World ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding

Проанализированы проблемы на рынке молока и молочных продуктов России в условиях глобального экономического кризиса: перепроизводство молока в основных странах-экспортерах, снижение закупочных цен на сырое молоко, снижение цен на биржевые товары в мире и России в 2020 году, тренд на уменьшение спроса на молочные продукты на мировом рынке в среднесрочном периоде, снижение общего спроса на молочные продукты на внутрироссийском рынке при падении реальных доходов населения, изменение структуры потребления. Проведена оценка новых возможностей и угроз для развития отрасли: со стороны потребителей — рост цен на продовольствие, снижение доходов; с позиции производителей молока — снижение закупочных цен, рост требований к сырью для производства продукции с увеличенными сроками годности, дефицит рабочей силы, вероятное сокращение господдержки в результате снижения цен на углеводороды, попытки регулирования цен; со стороны перерабатывающих предприятий — сокращение спроса, снижение цен на готовую продукцию вслед за мировыми ценами. Обоснованы приоритеты инвестирования в молочном скотоводстве и основные формы совершенствования государственной поддержки отрасли, обеспечивающие эффективную адаптацию производителей молока к новым экономическим условиям, повышение устойчивости отрасли при усилении макроэкономических рисков. The article analyzes the problems in the Russian milk and dairy products market in the context of the global economic crisis: overproduction of milk in the main exporting countries, lower purchase prices for raw milk, lower prices for commodities in the world and in Russia in 2020, trend to reduce demand for dairy products on the world market in medium term, a decrease in total demand for dairy products in the Russian market with a decrease in the purchasing power of the population, a change in the structure of consumption. An assessment of new opportunities and threats to the development of the industry was carried out: on the part of consumers — rising food prices, lower incomes; from the perspective of dairy producers — reduction in purchase prices, increased requirements for raw materials for the production of products with extended periods, labor shortages, the likely reduction in state support as a result of lower prices for hydrocarbons, attempts to regulate prices; on the part of processing enterprises — reduction of demand, reduction of prices for finished goods following world prices. The investment priorities in dairy cattle breeding and the main forms of improving state support for the industry, ensuring the effective adaptation of milk producers to new economic conditions, increasing the sustainability of the industry with increasing macroeconomic risks, are substantiated.

Calculation of the Glaze Recipe for Porcelain Feldspar Products Based on their Molecular Formula Rationalization

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Ion Teoreanu ◽  
Roxana Lucia Dumitrache ◽  
Stefania Stoleriu
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Design Equation ◽  
Material Sources

Any change of the raw material sources for glazes, economically, ecologically motivated, and also from the glaze quality point of view, is conditioned by the molecular formula rationalization and by the variation limits of the molecular formula, respectively. The proper glaze compositions are placed within their limit variation intervals with optimized processing and utilization properties. For this purpose, the rationalization criteria and procedures of molecular formulas are summarized in the present paper, as well as the results referring to their rationalization obtained in the authors� previous work. Thus, one starts from a base of raw materials that are selected, usable and also accessible for the design and producing of the glazes. On these bases the groundwork and the design equation for the glaze recipes are developed, exemplified for a single glaze. For an easy access to results, computer programs are used for an easy access to results.

scholarly journals Location of Biorefineries Based on Olive-Derived Biomass in Andalusia, Spain

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3052
Author(s):  
Diego Cardoza ◽  
Inmaculada Romero ◽  
Teresa Martínez ◽  
Encarnación Ruiz ◽  
Francisco J. Gallego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstock ◽  
Olive Stones

A biorefinery integrated process based on lignocellulosic feedstock is especially interesting in rural areas with a high density of agricultural and agro-industrial wastes, which is the case for olive crop areas and their associated industries. In the region of Andalusia, in the south of Spain, the provinces of Jaén, Córdoba and Seville accumulate more than 70% of the olive wastes generated in Spain. Therefore, the valorisation of these wastes is a matter of interest from both an environmental and a social point of view. The olive biorefinery involves a multi-product process from different raw materials: olive leaves, exhausted olive pomace, olive stones and olive tree pruning residues. Biorefinery processes associated with these wastes would allow their valorisation to produce bioenergy and high value-added renewable products. In this work, using geographic information system tools, the biomass from olive crop fields, mills and olive pomace-extracting industries, where these wastes are generated, was determined and quantified in the study area. In addition, the vulnerability of the territory was evaluated through an environmental and territorial analysis that allowed for the determination of the reception capacity of the study area. Then, information layers corresponding to the availability of the four biomass wastes, and layers corresponding to the environmental fragility of the study area were overlapped and they resulted in an overall map. This made it possible to identify the best areas for the implementation of the biorefineries based on olive-derived biomass. Finally, as an example, three zones were selected for this purpose. These locations corresponded to low fragility areas with a high availability of biomass (more than 300,000 tons/year) in a 30 km radius, which would ensure the biomass supply.

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