scholarly journals SHEPHERD'S SUBCULTURE OF THE OSSETIANS

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Б. БАГАЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Language Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Traditional Norms ◽  
Comprehensive Study

В традиционном обществе культивируемые мужскими сообществами ценности оказывают значительное влияние на формирование и развитие личности, что, в свою очередь, воздействует на развитие всего социума. По этой причине исследование мужских субкультур прошлого имеет большое значение. Субкультура никогда не появляется из пустоты, она всегда базируется на более ранней культуре, трансформацией которой она является. В этой связи для понимания закономерностей развития современного общества необходимо всестороннее изучение субкультур прошлого. В данной статье рассматривается пастушья субкультура в традиционном обществе на осетинском материале. В прошлом это одна из устойчивых и распространенных мужских профессиональных субкультур у осетин. Она оказала значительное влияние на многие стороны духовной и материальной культуры осетинского народа. Научная новизна определяется тем, что данная работа является первым комплексным исследованием пастушьей субкультуры у осетин. Источниками при разработке поставленной проблемы послужили этнографический материал, фольклорные тексты и данные осетинского языка. В ходе исследования рассмотрены стереотипы поведения пастуха, а также традиционные нормы, на которых основывалось взаимодействие между ним и хозяевами скота. Установлены величина и формы вознаграждения труда пастуха в разных осетинских обществах. Выделены оригинальные термины для обозначения пастуха в зависимости от выпасаемых им животных. Определены пастушьи атрибуты и особенности пастушьего костюма у осетин. Выявлены религиозно-магические обряды, практиковавшиеся пастухами для сохранения стада. Определен музыкальный фольклор осетинских пастухов и его религиозно-магические функции. Данная проблема требует дальнейших углубленных исследований всех рассмотренных аспектов. In a traditional society, the values ​​cultivated by male communities have a significant impact on the formation and development of the individual, which in turn affects the development of the whole society. For this reason, the study of male subcultures of the past is of great importance. A subculture never emerges from a void, it is always based on an earlier culture, the transformation that it actually is. In this regard, to understand the laws of development of modern society, a comprehensive study of the subcultures of the past is necessary. This article discusses the shepherd's subculture in traditional society based on Ossetian material. In the past, this was one of the stable and widespread male professional subcultures among the Ossetians. It had a significant impact on many aspects of the spiritual and material culture of the Ossetian people. Scientific novelty is determined by the fact that this work is the first comprehensive study of the shepherd's subculture among the Ossetians. Sources for the development of the problem posed were ethnographic material, folklore texts, and Ossetian language data. During the study, the stereotypes of the shepherd’s behavior, as well as the traditional norms on which the interaction between him and the livestock owners were based, were examined. The size and forms of remuneration for the work of a shepherd in various Ossetian societies are established. original terms to designate a shepherd, depending on the animals shepherded are highlighted. The shepherd's attributes and features of the shepherd's costume among the Ossetians are determined. Religious magic rituals practiced by shepherds to preserve the herd are revealed. The musical folklore of Ossetian shepherds and its religious and magical functions are determined. This problem requires further in-depth studies of all the aspects considered.

scholarly journals РИТУАЛЬНЫЕ ДЕЙСТВИЯ В ОХОТНИЧЬЕЙ СУБКУЛЬТУРЕ ОСЕТИН

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Б. БАГАЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
The Past ◽  
Evil Eye ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ritual Behavior ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Мировоззренческие установки, практикуемые и транслируемые мужскими сообществами, в значительной степени влияют на социализацию личности, а, следовательно, и на развитие общества. Вследствие этого всестороннее исследование мужских субкультур весьма актуально. Субкультура всегда основана на одной или нескольких предыдущих субкультурах, видоизменившихся под воздействием различных факторов. По этой причине для понимания путей дальнейшего развития современного общества актуально изучение бытовавших ранее субкультур. Одним из базовых элементов субкультур прошлого были ритуальные действия. Ритуальные действия имели выраженное внешнее оформление и глубокий внутренний смысл. В данной статье исследуются ритуальные действия и формы обрядового поведения в охотничьей субкультуре в традиционном осетинском обществе. Рассматриваемая субкультура относится к мужским профессиональным субкультурам. Влияние транслируемых ею ценностей прослеживается как в духовной, так и в материальной культуре осетинского этноса. Научная новизна работы определяется тем, что она является первым комплексным исследованием ритуальных действий в охотничьей субкультуре осетин. Источниками при разработке поставленной проблемы послужили этнографический материал, фольклорные тексты и данные осетинского языка. При разработке поставленной проблемы были рассмотрены ритуально-обрядовые формы поведения осетинских охотников в разных ситуациях. Проанализирован обряд и ритуальные действия охотничьей группы перед началом охоты, у осетин разных обществ. Установлены особенности ритуального поведения охотника, охранявшего лагерь во время поиска его товарищами дичи. Определены ритуальные действия, связанные с временным охотничьим жилищем. Выявлены особенности ритуального поведения и обряд, проводившийся после удачной охоты. Выделены обрядовые действия и ритуалы, которые проводились охотниками в населенном пункте после охоты. Описан обряд, использовавшийся осетинскими охотниками для снятия порчи. Worldview attitudes practiced and transmitted by male communities to a significant extent affect the socialization of the individual, and, consequently, the development of the society. As a result, a comprehensive study of male subcultures is highly relevant. A subculture is always based on one or more previous subcultures that have changed under the influence of various factors. For this reason, to understand the ways of further development of modern society, it is important to study the previously existing subcultures. One of the basic elements of the subcultures of the past were ritual acts. Ritual actions had a pronounced external design and deep internal meaning. This work is aimed at the study of ritual actions and forms of the ritual behavior in the hunting subculture in the traditional Ossetian society. The subculture in question belongs to male professional subcultures. The influence of the values transmitted by it can be traced both in the spiritual and in the material culture of the Ossetian ethnos. The scientific novelty is determined by the fact that this work is the first comprehensive study of ritual actions in the Ossetian hunting subculture. Ethnographic material, folklore texts and data of the Ossetian language served as the sources for the development of the problem posed. In the study of the problem posed, the ritual and ceremonial forms of behavior of Ossetian hunters in different situations were considered. The features of the ritual behavior of the hunter guarding the camp while his comrades were hunting have been established. Ritual actions associated with a temporary hunting dwelling have been determined. The features of ritual behavior and the rite performed after a successful hunt are revealed. The ritual actions and rituals that were carried out by hunters in the settlement after hunting are highlighted. A ritual used by Ossetian hunters to remove the evil eye is described. This problem requires further in-depth research.

scholarly journals POWER GAMES IN THE MEN’S SUBCULTURE OF THE TRADITIONAL OSSETIAN SOCIETY

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
А.Б. БАГАЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Entire Society ◽  
Objective Understanding ◽  
Ideological Attitudes ◽  
Comprehensive Study ◽  
Power Games

Мировоззренческие установки, характерные для мужской субкультуры, являются важными элементами духовной культуры традиционного общества. В силу доминирующего положения мужчин в традиционном обществе их система ценностей оказывала большое влияние на весь социум. Мужские ценности и нормы поведения, характерные для традиционного общества, в трансформированном виде существуют и в современном обществе. Вследствие этого комплексное исследование мужской субкультуры прошлого необходимо для объективного понимания путей развития и выявления скрытых тенденций в эволюции современного общества. В значительной мере мужская субкультура отражена в бытовавших среди мужского населения каждого этноса традиционных играх, забавах и развлечениях. В предлагаемой статье на осетинском материале рассмотрены традиционные силовые игры как один из аспектов мужской субкультуры. Научная новизна определяется тем, что настоящая работа является первым комплексным исследованием мужских силовых игр у осетин. Источниками при разработке поставленной проблемы послужили этнографический материал, фольклорные тексты и данные осетинского языка. В ходе исследования рассмотрены бытовавшие в прошлом у осетин игры и состязания, требовавшие от участников значительной физической активности, мышечной силы и силы духа. Выявлены варианты некоторых из рассматриваемых игр и состязаний и их деление на индивидуальные, парные и групповые. Определены место и роль силовых игр и состязаний в мужской субкультуре осетин. Рассмотрены стереотипы поведения мужчин при проведении различных силовых состязаний. Установлено воздействие силовых игр на упрочение мужской коллективной идентичности в традиционном обществе. Обосновано наличие тесной связи между мужскими силовыми играми и магическо-ритуальными церемониями в традиционном осетинском обществе. The ideological attitudes characteristic of the men’s subculture are important elements in the structure of traditional society. Due to the dominant position of men in a traditional society, their value system exerted great influence on the entire society. Men’s values and norms of behavior characteristic of a traditional society in a transformed form exist in the modern society as well. As a result, a comprehensive study of the men’s subculture of the past is necessary for an objective understanding of the ways of development and identification of hidden trends in the evolution of modern society. To a large extent, the men’s subculture is reflected in traditional games, amusements and entertainment that existed among the men’s population of each ethnic group. This article examines traditional power games as one of the aspects of the men’s subculture based on the Ossetian material. The scientific novelty is determined by the fact that this work is the first comprehensive study of men’s power games among the Ossetians. Ethnographic material, folklore texts and data of the Ossetian language served as the sources for the development of the problem. In the course of the research, the Ossetians in the past were considered games and competitions, which required from the participants significant physical activity, muscle strength and fortitude. Variants of some of the games and competitions under consideration have been established and their division into individual, pair and group ones. The place and role of power games and competitions in the men’s subculture of Ossetians has been determined. Stereotypes of men's behavior during various power competitions are considered. The influence of power games on strengthening men’s collective identity in the traditional society has been established. The presence of a close connection between men’s power games and magic-ritual ceremonies in the traditional Ossetian society was revealed.

scholarly journals Fostering Collaborative Synthetic Research in Archaeology

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey H. Altschul ◽  
Keith W. Kintigh ◽  
Terry H. Klein ◽  
William H. Doelle ◽  
Kelley A. Hays-Gilpin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Past ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Individual Project ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Collaborative Analysis ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACTWhile our fascination with understanding the past is sufficient to warrant an increased focus on synthesis, solutions to important problems facing modern society require understandings based on data that only archaeology can provide. Yet, even as we use public monies to collect ever-greater amounts of data, modes of research that can stimulate emergent understandings of human behavior have lagged behind. Consequently, a substantial amount of archaeological inference remains at the level of the individual project. We can more effectively leverage these data and advance our understandings of the past in ways that contribute to solutions to contemporary problems if we adapt the model pioneered by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis to foster synthetic collaborative research in archaeology. We propose the creation of the Coalition for Archaeological Synthesis coordinated through a U.S.-based National Center for Archaeological Synthesis. The coalition will be composed of established public and private organizations that provide essential scholarly, cultural heritage, computational, educational, and public engagement infrastructure. The center would seek and administer funding to support collaborative analysis and synthesis projects executed through coalition partners. This innovative structure will enable the discipline to address key challenges facing society through evidentially based, collaborative synthetic research.

scholarly journals MOVING GAMES AND COMPETITIONS IN THE MEN'S SUBCULTURE OF TRADITIONAL OSSETIAN SOCIETY

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Б. БАГАЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
Value System ◽  
Characteristic Element ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Fast Movement ◽  
The Military ◽  
Ideological Attitudes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Мужская субкультура и свойственные ей мировоззренческие установки имели особенно большое значение в жизни традиционного общества. В трансформированном виде мужская система ценностей, образ мышления и форма поведения, свойственные традиционному обществу, продолжают существовать и в современном обществе. Этим обусловлена актуальность всестороннего изучения мужских субкультур традиционного общества. Комплексное исследование традиционных мужских субкультур важно для осмысления скрытых тенденций эволюции и объективного восприятия принципов развития современного общества. В значительной степени мужская субкультура проявляется в бытовавших в мужской среде состязаниях, играх и забавах. В настоящей работе проанализированы традиционные осетинские мужские игры и состязания, характерными элементами которых были быстрое передвижение, бег, лазанье, прыжки. Научная новизна определяется тем, что данная работа является первым комплексным исследованием подвижных мужских игр на осетинском материале. Источником при разработке поставленной проблемы послужили этнографический материал и фольклорные тексты. В данной статье выявлены и рассмотрены наиболее распространенные среди осетинского мужского населения состязания и игры, предполагавшие быстрое передвижение; отмечены стереотипы мужского поведения во время участия в исследуемых состязаниях и играх; проанализированы видоизменения, встречающиеся в некоторых из мужских игр и состязаний; выявлено влияние подвижных игр и состязаний на укрепление внутригрупповой солидарности в мужских коллективах в традиционном обществе; определено военно-прикладное значение некоторых из рассмотренных игр и состязаний; установлено существование корреляционной зависимости между религиозно-магическими обрядами и традиционными мужскими играми в традиционном осетинском обществе; определено воздействие трансформаций в общественном сознании на мужские состязания и стереотипы мужского игрового поведения. The men’s subculture and its inherent ideological attitudes were especially important in the life of the traditional society. In a transformed form, the men’s value system, way of thinking and form of behavior inherent in traditional society continue to exist in the modern society. This explains the relevance of a comprehensive study of men’s subcultures of the traditional society. A comprehensive study of traditional men’s subcultures is important for understanding the hidden trends of evolution and the objective perception of the principles of development of the modern society. To a large extent, the men’s subculture manifests itself in the competitions, games and amusements that existed in the men’s environment. This work analyzes Ossetian traditional men's games and competitions, a characteristic element of which was fast movement, running, climbing, jumping. The scientific novelty is determined by the fact that this work is the first comprehensive study of active men’s games based on the Ossetian material. Ethnographic material, folklore texts served as a source in the development of the problem posed. This article identifies and examines the most common competitions and games among the Ossetian men’s population, which involved fast movement; noted stereotypes of men’s behavior during participation in the reviewed competitions and games; analyzed the modifications found in some of the men's games and competitions; the influence of active games and competitions on the strengthening the intragroup solidarity in men's teams in the traditional society was revealed; the military-applied significance of some of the games and competitions considered is determined; the existence of a correlation between religious and magical rituals and traditional men’s games in the traditional Ossetian society has been established; the impact of transformations in public consciousness on men’s competitions and stereotypes of men’s play behavior is determined.

scholarly journals The Impact of Rumors on the Individual and Society in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Othman Fallatah ◽  
Mohd Al'ikhsan Bin Ghazali ◽  
Ahmed A.A. Shehab
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Survey Questionnaires

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of rumors on both individuals and the society at large in Saudi Arabia. Over the past several decades, the Internet has dramatically changed the manner in which modern society communicates. In particular, online media have altered how rumors are transmitted, from hearing those rumors - ranging from word of mouth among people to misleading online messages. Although the manner in which rumors are circulated has evolved over time, only a few studies have been conducted on the dynamics of how rumor spreads on the social media in Saudi Arabia. It is worthwhile to discuss the impact of rumors on individuals and the society in Saudi Arabia and determine the factors affecting the impact of rumors in Saudi Arabia. In this research study, two variables have been discussed, i.e. dependent and independent variables: the impact of rumors on both individuals and the society at Saudi Arabia, which shows dependency upon independent variables such as Uncertainty, Belief, Motivational Factors and Self-Enhancement. Quantitative research method has been used for this study that entails a total of 200 used survey questionnaires to collect vital information regarding the topic of investigation.

Collective Memory: Between Values and Historical Knowledge

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-142
Author(s):  
VICTOR BURLACHUK
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

At the end of the twentieth century, questions of a secondary nature suddenly became topical: what do we remember and who owns the memory? Memory as one of the mental characteristics of an individual’s activity is complemented by the concept of collective memory, which requires a different method of analysis than the activity of a separate individual. In the 1970s, a situation arose that gave rise to the so-called "historical politics" or "memory politics." If philosophical studies of memory problems of the 30’s and 40’s of the twentieth century were focused mainly on the peculiarities of perception of the past in the individual and collective consciousness and did not go beyond scientific discussions, then half a century later the situation has changed dramatically. The problem of memory has found its political sound: historians and sociologists, politicians and representatives of the media have entered the discourse on memory. Modern society, including all social, ethnic and family groups, has undergone a profound change in the traditional attitude towards the past, which has been associated with changes in the structure of government. In connection with the discrediting of the Soviet Union, the rapid decline of the Communist Party and its ideology, there was a collapse of Marxism, which provided for a certain model of time and history. The end of the revolutionary idea, a powerful vector that indicated the direction of historical time into the future, inevitably led to a rapid change in perception of the past. Three models of the future, which, according to Pierre Nora, defined the face of the past (the future as a restoration of the past, the future as progress and the future as a revolution) that existed until recently, have now lost their relevance. Today, absolute uncertainty hangs over the future. The inability to predict the future poses certain challenges to the present. The end of any teleology of history imposes on the present a debt of memory. Features of the life of memory, the specifics of its state and functioning directly affect the state of identity, both personal and collective. Distortion of memory, its incorrect work, and its ideological manipulation can give rise to an identity crisis. The memorial phenomenon is a certain political resource in a situation of severe socio-political breaks and changes. In the conditions of the economic crisis and in the absence of a real and clear program for future development, the state often seeks to turn memory into the main element of national consolidation.

PHILOSOPHICAL PROPAEDEUTICS IN THE SYSTEM OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Gan N.Yu. ◽  
Ponomareva L.I. ◽  
Obukhova K.A.
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Training

Today, worldview, spiritual and moral problems that have always been reflected in education and upbringing come to the fore in society. In this situation, there is a demand for philosophical categories. One of the priority goals of education in modern conditions is the formation of a reasonable, reflexive person who is able to analyze their actions and the actions of other people. Modern science is characterized by an understanding of the absolute value and significance of childhood in the development of the individual, which implies the need for its multilateral study. In the conditions of democratization of all spheres of life, the child ceases to be a passive object of education and training, and becomes an active carrier of their own meanings of being and the subject of world creation. One of the realities of childhood is philosophizing, so it is extremely timely to address the identification of its place and role in the world of childhood. Children's philosophizing is extremely poorly studied, although the need for its analysis is becoming more obvious. Children's philosophizing is one of the forms of philosophical reflection, which has its own qualitative specificity, on the one hand, and commonality with all other forms of philosophizing, on the other. The social relevance of the proposed research lies in the fact that children's philosophizing can be considered as an intellectual indicator of a child's socialization, since the process of reflection involves the adoption and development of culture. Modern society, in contrast to the traditional one, is ready to "accept" a philosophizing child, which means that it is necessary to determine the main characteristics and conditions of children's philosophizing.

POLITICAL IDEOLOGY AS AN EVOLUTIONARY SYSTEM (TO THE THEORY OF COGNITIVE-IDEOLOGICAL MATRICES)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Konstantinov
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Evolutionary System ◽  
Consciousness Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Morphological Approach ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sociological Studies

The aim of the article is to concretize the concept of political ideology in the aspect of its matrix structure and in the context of the cognitive-evolutionary approach. Based on Michael Frieden's morphological approach to the analysis of ideological consciousness, the concept of cognitive-ideological matrices is introduced, which allows us to describe the process of transition from proto-ideological to ideological concepts proper, especially at the level of individual consciousness. The identification of the ideological concept as the main “gene” of conceptual variability and inheritance made it possible to describe the main parameters of the evolution of political ideologies and associate it with changes taking place at the individual consciousness level. The described concept was tested in a series of sociological studies of youth consciousness conducted in 2015-2016 and 2018-2020. As a result of the study, it was possible to first identify the “zero level” of ideology, at which the minds of young respondents are potentially open to the influence of diverse and often mutually exclusive ideological orientations, and second, to pinpoint the changes that have occurred in the cognitive ideological matrices of Rostov-on-Don students over the past five years. This study was conducted by scientists from the southern Federal University.

The United Arab Emirates: Statehood and Nation-Building in a Traditional Society

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frauke Heard-Bey
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
National State ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
The Individual

Nationals represent barely 20% of the population in the United Arab Emirates, but form the economically and socially privileged group of UAE citizens. The Rulers of the seven emirates were able to retain the historical loyalty of the “Emiratis” by advancing the economic development of the individual states, while Abu Dhabi-financed federal development helped to create a viable national state. Democratization is not of the same urgency as in some neighboring Gulf countries.

Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Plant Derived Natural Products – A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 4506-4536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris E. Allijn ◽  
René P. Brinkhuis ◽  
Gert Storm ◽  
Raymond M. Schiffelers
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Reference Compound ◽  
Individual Molecular Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Natural Medicines

Traditionally, natural medicines have been administered as plant extracts, which are composed of a mixture of molecules. The individual molecular species in this mixture may or may not contribute to the overall medicinal effects and some may even oppose the beneficial activity of others. To better control therapeutic effects, studies that characterized specific molecules and describe their individual activity that have been performed over the past decades. These studies appear to underline that natural products are particularly effective as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. In this systematic review we aimed to identify potent anti-inflammatory natural products and relate their efficacy to their chemical structure and physicochemical properties. To identify these compounds, we performed a comprehensive literature search to find those studies, in which a dose-response description and a positive control reference compound was used to benchmark the observed activity. Of the analyzed papers, 7% of initially selected studies met these requirements and were subjected to further analysis. This analysis revealed that most selected natural products indeed appeared to possess anti-inflammatory activities, in particular anti-oxidative properties. In addition, 14% of the natural products outperformed the remaining natural products in all tested assays and are attractive candidates as new anti-inflammatory agents.

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