scholarly journals POWER GAMES IN THE MEN’S SUBCULTURE OF THE TRADITIONAL OSSETIAN SOCIETY

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
А.Б. БАГАЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Entire Society ◽  
Objective Understanding ◽  
Ideological Attitudes ◽  
Comprehensive Study ◽  
Power Games

Мировоззренческие установки, характерные для мужской субкультуры, являются важными элементами духовной культуры традиционного общества. В силу доминирующего положения мужчин в традиционном обществе их система ценностей оказывала большое влияние на весь социум. Мужские ценности и нормы поведения, характерные для традиционного общества, в трансформированном виде существуют и в современном обществе. Вследствие этого комплексное исследование мужской субкультуры прошлого необходимо для объективного понимания путей развития и выявления скрытых тенденций в эволюции современного общества. В значительной мере мужская субкультура отражена в бытовавших среди мужского населения каждого этноса традиционных играх, забавах и развлечениях. В предлагаемой статье на осетинском материале рассмотрены традиционные силовые игры как один из аспектов мужской субкультуры. Научная новизна определяется тем, что настоящая работа является первым комплексным исследованием мужских силовых игр у осетин. Источниками при разработке поставленной проблемы послужили этнографический материал, фольклорные тексты и данные осетинского языка. В ходе исследования рассмотрены бытовавшие в прошлом у осетин игры и состязания, требовавшие от участников значительной физической активности, мышечной силы и силы духа. Выявлены варианты некоторых из рассматриваемых игр и состязаний и их деление на индивидуальные, парные и групповые. Определены место и роль силовых игр и состязаний в мужской субкультуре осетин. Рассмотрены стереотипы поведения мужчин при проведении различных силовых состязаний. Установлено воздействие силовых игр на упрочение мужской коллективной идентичности в традиционном обществе. Обосновано наличие тесной связи между мужскими силовыми играми и магическо-ритуальными церемониями в традиционном осетинском обществе. The ideological attitudes characteristic of the men’s subculture are important elements in the structure of traditional society. Due to the dominant position of men in a traditional society, their value system exerted great influence on the entire society. Men’s values and norms of behavior characteristic of a traditional society in a transformed form exist in the modern society as well. As a result, a comprehensive study of the men’s subculture of the past is necessary for an objective understanding of the ways of development and identification of hidden trends in the evolution of modern society. To a large extent, the men’s subculture is reflected in traditional games, amusements and entertainment that existed among the men’s population of each ethnic group. This article examines traditional power games as one of the aspects of the men’s subculture based on the Ossetian material. The scientific novelty is determined by the fact that this work is the first comprehensive study of men’s power games among the Ossetians. Ethnographic material, folklore texts and data of the Ossetian language served as the sources for the development of the problem. In the course of the research, the Ossetians in the past were considered games and competitions, which required from the participants significant physical activity, muscle strength and fortitude. Variants of some of the games and competitions under consideration have been established and their division into individual, pair and group ones. The place and role of power games and competitions in the men’s subculture of Ossetians has been determined. Stereotypes of men's behavior during various power competitions are considered. The influence of power games on strengthening men’s collective identity in the traditional society has been established. The presence of a close connection between men’s power games and magic-ritual ceremonies in the traditional Ossetian society was revealed.

scholarly journals SHEPHERD'S SUBCULTURE OF THE OSSETIANS

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Б. БАГАЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Language Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Traditional Norms ◽  
Comprehensive Study

В традиционном обществе культивируемые мужскими сообществами ценности оказывают значительное влияние на формирование и развитие личности, что, в свою очередь, воздействует на развитие всего социума. По этой причине исследование мужских субкультур прошлого имеет большое значение. Субкультура никогда не появляется из пустоты, она всегда базируется на более ранней культуре, трансформацией которой она является. В этой связи для понимания закономерностей развития современного общества необходимо всестороннее изучение субкультур прошлого. В данной статье рассматривается пастушья субкультура в традиционном обществе на осетинском материале. В прошлом это одна из устойчивых и распространенных мужских профессиональных субкультур у осетин. Она оказала значительное влияние на многие стороны духовной и материальной культуры осетинского народа. Научная новизна определяется тем, что данная работа является первым комплексным исследованием пастушьей субкультуры у осетин. Источниками при разработке поставленной проблемы послужили этнографический материал, фольклорные тексты и данные осетинского языка. В ходе исследования рассмотрены стереотипы поведения пастуха, а также традиционные нормы, на которых основывалось взаимодействие между ним и хозяевами скота. Установлены величина и формы вознаграждения труда пастуха в разных осетинских обществах. Выделены оригинальные термины для обозначения пастуха в зависимости от выпасаемых им животных. Определены пастушьи атрибуты и особенности пастушьего костюма у осетин. Выявлены религиозно-магические обряды, практиковавшиеся пастухами для сохранения стада. Определен музыкальный фольклор осетинских пастухов и его религиозно-магические функции. Данная проблема требует дальнейших углубленных исследований всех рассмотренных аспектов. In a traditional society, the values ​​cultivated by male communities have a significant impact on the formation and development of the individual, which in turn affects the development of the whole society. For this reason, the study of male subcultures of the past is of great importance. A subculture never emerges from a void, it is always based on an earlier culture, the transformation that it actually is. In this regard, to understand the laws of development of modern society, a comprehensive study of the subcultures of the past is necessary. This article discusses the shepherd's subculture in traditional society based on Ossetian material. In the past, this was one of the stable and widespread male professional subcultures among the Ossetians. It had a significant impact on many aspects of the spiritual and material culture of the Ossetian people. Scientific novelty is determined by the fact that this work is the first comprehensive study of the shepherd's subculture among the Ossetians. Sources for the development of the problem posed were ethnographic material, folklore texts, and Ossetian language data. During the study, the stereotypes of the shepherd’s behavior, as well as the traditional norms on which the interaction between him and the livestock owners were based, were examined. The size and forms of remuneration for the work of a shepherd in various Ossetian societies are established. original terms to designate a shepherd, depending on the animals shepherded are highlighted. The shepherd's attributes and features of the shepherd's costume among the Ossetians are determined. Religious magic rituals practiced by shepherds to preserve the herd are revealed. The musical folklore of Ossetian shepherds and its religious and magical functions are determined. This problem requires further in-depth studies of all the aspects considered.

scholarly journals MOVING GAMES AND COMPETITIONS IN THE MEN'S SUBCULTURE OF TRADITIONAL OSSETIAN SOCIETY

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Б. БАГАЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
Value System ◽  
Characteristic Element ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Fast Movement ◽  
The Military ◽  
Ideological Attitudes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Мужская субкультура и свойственные ей мировоззренческие установки имели особенно большое значение в жизни традиционного общества. В трансформированном виде мужская система ценностей, образ мышления и форма поведения, свойственные традиционному обществу, продолжают существовать и в современном обществе. Этим обусловлена актуальность всестороннего изучения мужских субкультур традиционного общества. Комплексное исследование традиционных мужских субкультур важно для осмысления скрытых тенденций эволюции и объективного восприятия принципов развития современного общества. В значительной степени мужская субкультура проявляется в бытовавших в мужской среде состязаниях, играх и забавах. В настоящей работе проанализированы традиционные осетинские мужские игры и состязания, характерными элементами которых были быстрое передвижение, бег, лазанье, прыжки. Научная новизна определяется тем, что данная работа является первым комплексным исследованием подвижных мужских игр на осетинском материале. Источником при разработке поставленной проблемы послужили этнографический материал и фольклорные тексты. В данной статье выявлены и рассмотрены наиболее распространенные среди осетинского мужского населения состязания и игры, предполагавшие быстрое передвижение; отмечены стереотипы мужского поведения во время участия в исследуемых состязаниях и играх; проанализированы видоизменения, встречающиеся в некоторых из мужских игр и состязаний; выявлено влияние подвижных игр и состязаний на укрепление внутригрупповой солидарности в мужских коллективах в традиционном обществе; определено военно-прикладное значение некоторых из рассмотренных игр и состязаний; установлено существование корреляционной зависимости между религиозно-магическими обрядами и традиционными мужскими играми в традиционном осетинском обществе; определено воздействие трансформаций в общественном сознании на мужские состязания и стереотипы мужского игрового поведения. The men’s subculture and its inherent ideological attitudes were especially important in the life of the traditional society. In a transformed form, the men’s value system, way of thinking and form of behavior inherent in traditional society continue to exist in the modern society. This explains the relevance of a comprehensive study of men’s subcultures of the traditional society. A comprehensive study of traditional men’s subcultures is important for understanding the hidden trends of evolution and the objective perception of the principles of development of the modern society. To a large extent, the men’s subculture manifests itself in the competitions, games and amusements that existed in the men’s environment. This work analyzes Ossetian traditional men's games and competitions, a characteristic element of which was fast movement, running, climbing, jumping. The scientific novelty is determined by the fact that this work is the first comprehensive study of active men’s games based on the Ossetian material. Ethnographic material, folklore texts served as a source in the development of the problem posed. This article identifies and examines the most common competitions and games among the Ossetian men’s population, which involved fast movement; noted stereotypes of men’s behavior during participation in the reviewed competitions and games; analyzed the modifications found in some of the men's games and competitions; the influence of active games and competitions on the strengthening the intragroup solidarity in men's teams in the traditional society was revealed; the military-applied significance of some of the games and competitions considered is determined; the existence of a correlation between religious and magical rituals and traditional men’s games in the traditional Ossetian society has been established; the impact of transformations in public consciousness on men’s competitions and stereotypes of men’s play behavior is determined.

scholarly journals РИТУАЛЬНЫЕ ДЕЙСТВИЯ В ОХОТНИЧЬЕЙ СУБКУЛЬТУРЕ ОСЕТИН

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Б. БАГАЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
The Past ◽  
Evil Eye ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ritual Behavior ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Мировоззренческие установки, практикуемые и транслируемые мужскими сообществами, в значительной степени влияют на социализацию личности, а, следовательно, и на развитие общества. Вследствие этого всестороннее исследование мужских субкультур весьма актуально. Субкультура всегда основана на одной или нескольких предыдущих субкультурах, видоизменившихся под воздействием различных факторов. По этой причине для понимания путей дальнейшего развития современного общества актуально изучение бытовавших ранее субкультур. Одним из базовых элементов субкультур прошлого были ритуальные действия. Ритуальные действия имели выраженное внешнее оформление и глубокий внутренний смысл. В данной статье исследуются ритуальные действия и формы обрядового поведения в охотничьей субкультуре в традиционном осетинском обществе. Рассматриваемая субкультура относится к мужским профессиональным субкультурам. Влияние транслируемых ею ценностей прослеживается как в духовной, так и в материальной культуре осетинского этноса. Научная новизна работы определяется тем, что она является первым комплексным исследованием ритуальных действий в охотничьей субкультуре осетин. Источниками при разработке поставленной проблемы послужили этнографический материал, фольклорные тексты и данные осетинского языка. При разработке поставленной проблемы были рассмотрены ритуально-обрядовые формы поведения осетинских охотников в разных ситуациях. Проанализирован обряд и ритуальные действия охотничьей группы перед началом охоты, у осетин разных обществ. Установлены особенности ритуального поведения охотника, охранявшего лагерь во время поиска его товарищами дичи. Определены ритуальные действия, связанные с временным охотничьим жилищем. Выявлены особенности ритуального поведения и обряд, проводившийся после удачной охоты. Выделены обрядовые действия и ритуалы, которые проводились охотниками в населенном пункте после охоты. Описан обряд, использовавшийся осетинскими охотниками для снятия порчи. Worldview attitudes practiced and transmitted by male communities to a significant extent affect the socialization of the individual, and, consequently, the development of the society. As a result, a comprehensive study of male subcultures is highly relevant. A subculture is always based on one or more previous subcultures that have changed under the influence of various factors. For this reason, to understand the ways of further development of modern society, it is important to study the previously existing subcultures. One of the basic elements of the subcultures of the past were ritual acts. Ritual actions had a pronounced external design and deep internal meaning. This work is aimed at the study of ritual actions and forms of the ritual behavior in the hunting subculture in the traditional Ossetian society. The subculture in question belongs to male professional subcultures. The influence of the values transmitted by it can be traced both in the spiritual and in the material culture of the Ossetian ethnos. The scientific novelty is determined by the fact that this work is the first comprehensive study of ritual actions in the Ossetian hunting subculture. Ethnographic material, folklore texts and data of the Ossetian language served as the sources for the development of the problem posed. In the study of the problem posed, the ritual and ceremonial forms of behavior of Ossetian hunters in different situations were considered. The features of the ritual behavior of the hunter guarding the camp while his comrades were hunting have been established. Ritual actions associated with a temporary hunting dwelling have been determined. The features of ritual behavior and the rite performed after a successful hunt are revealed. The ritual actions and rituals that were carried out by hunters in the settlement after hunting are highlighted. A ritual used by Ossetian hunters to remove the evil eye is described. This problem requires further in-depth research.

The role of cultural memory in construction of collective identity

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
L.I. Sedova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Imagined Communities ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Traumatic Memory ◽  
The Past

Analyzed are collective identification processes that occur in conjunction with complicated, contradictory processes of glocalization, cultural exchange, emancipation of minorities, national liberation movements, etc. The paper aims to study the collective identity construction in the modern society, using the framework of cultural memory. Links between collective memory and collective identity are theoretically considered; the methodology of “imagined communities” is proposed to explore the collective memory as a resource of social integration. The article argues that the nation state is no longer the dominant basis for identity. Nowadays collectives require a shared memory of the past as the basis for social identity. The paper focuses on a high symbolic value of a remembering history, especially of a cultural trauma. The culturally constructed trauma can appear on the level of groups, and provide integration of community, based on victimization of the past. Thus, the collective traumatic memory can develop a negative collective identity, based on common traumatic experiences. Viewed from “imagined communities” perspective, social trauma is a part of politics of memory that becomes the politics of identity. Using results of sociological research, we distinguish three different versions of memorial paradigm, i.e. oblivion, displacement, and evocation. Such differentiation allows to argue that communities could manage their collective memory as a resource of social identification, and consequently integration.

Collective Memory: Between Values and Historical Knowledge

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-142
Author(s):  
VICTOR BURLACHUK
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

At the end of the twentieth century, questions of a secondary nature suddenly became topical: what do we remember and who owns the memory? Memory as one of the mental characteristics of an individual’s activity is complemented by the concept of collective memory, which requires a different method of analysis than the activity of a separate individual. In the 1970s, a situation arose that gave rise to the so-called "historical politics" or "memory politics." If philosophical studies of memory problems of the 30’s and 40’s of the twentieth century were focused mainly on the peculiarities of perception of the past in the individual and collective consciousness and did not go beyond scientific discussions, then half a century later the situation has changed dramatically. The problem of memory has found its political sound: historians and sociologists, politicians and representatives of the media have entered the discourse on memory. Modern society, including all social, ethnic and family groups, has undergone a profound change in the traditional attitude towards the past, which has been associated with changes in the structure of government. In connection with the discrediting of the Soviet Union, the rapid decline of the Communist Party and its ideology, there was a collapse of Marxism, which provided for a certain model of time and history. The end of the revolutionary idea, a powerful vector that indicated the direction of historical time into the future, inevitably led to a rapid change in perception of the past. Three models of the future, which, according to Pierre Nora, defined the face of the past (the future as a restoration of the past, the future as progress and the future as a revolution) that existed until recently, have now lost their relevance. Today, absolute uncertainty hangs over the future. The inability to predict the future poses certain challenges to the present. The end of any teleology of history imposes on the present a debt of memory. Features of the life of memory, the specifics of its state and functioning directly affect the state of identity, both personal and collective. Distortion of memory, its incorrect work, and its ideological manipulation can give rise to an identity crisis. The memorial phenomenon is a certain political resource in a situation of severe socio-political breaks and changes. In the conditions of the economic crisis and in the absence of a real and clear program for future development, the state often seeks to turn memory into the main element of national consolidation.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Pacchioni
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Radical Transformation

About 10,000 years ago, at the beginning of the agriculturalrevolution, on the whole earth lived between 5 and 8 million hunter-gatherers, all belonging to the Homo sapiens species. Five thousand years later, freed from the primary needs for survival, some belonging to that species enjoyed the privilege of devoting themselves to philosophical speculation and the search for transcendental truths. It was only in the past two hundred years, however, with the advent of the Industrial Revolution, that reaping nature’s secrets and answering fundamental questions posed by the Universe have become for many full-time activities, on the way to becoming a real profession. Today the number of scientists across the globe has reached and exceeded 10 million, that is, more than the whole human race 10,000 years ago. If growth continues at the current rate, in 2050 we will have 35 million people committed full-time to scientific research. With what consequences, it remains to be understood. For almost forty years I myself have been concerned with science in a continuing, direct, and passionate way. Today I perceive, along with many colleagues, especially of my generation, that things are evolving and have changed deeply, in ways unimaginable until a few years ago and, in some respects, not without danger. What has happened in the world of science in recent decades is more than likely a mirror of a similar and equally radical transformation taking place in modern society, particularly with the advent ...

The New Islamic State

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Khosrokhavar
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Imagined Community ◽  
The West ◽  
Patriarchal Family ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation

The creation of the Islamic State in Iraq and Sham (ISIS) changed the nature of jihadism worldwide. For a few years (2014–2017) it exemplified the destructive capacity of jihadism and created a new utopia aimed at restoring the past greatness and glory of the former caliphate. It also attracted tens of thousands of young wannabe combatants of faith (mujahids, those who make jihad) toward Syria and Iraq from more than 100 countries. Its utopia was dual: not only re-creating the caliphate that would spread Islam all over the world but also creating a cohesive, imagined community (the neo-umma) that would restore patriarchal family and put an end to the crisis of modern society through an inflexible interpretation of shari‘a (Islamic laws and commandments). To achieve these goals, ISIS diversified its approach. It focused, in the West, on the rancor of the Muslim migrants’ sons and daughters, on exoticism, and on an imaginary dream world and, in the Middle East, on tribes and the Sunni/Shi‘a divide, particularly in the Iraqi and Syrian societies.

Plant leaf recognition with shallow and deep learning: A comprehensive study

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1311-1328
Author(s):  
Jozsef Suto
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Leaf Characteristics ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Test Sets ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Nowadays there are hundreds of thousands known plant species on the Earth and many are still unknown yet. The process of plant classification can be performed using different ways but the most popular approach is based on plant leaf characteristics. Most types of plants have unique leaf characteristics such as shape, color, and texture. Since machine learning and vision considerably developed in the past decade, automatic plant species (or leaf) recognition has become possible. Recently, the automated leaf classification is a standalone research area inside machine learning and several shallow and deep methods were proposed to recognize leaf types. From 2007 to present days several research papers have been published in this topic. In older studies the classifier was a shallow method while in current works many researchers applied deep networks for classification. During the overview of plant leaf classification literature, we found an interesting deficiency (lack of hyper-parameter search) and a key difference between studies (different test sets). This work gives an overall review about the efficiency of shallow and deep methods under different test conditions. It can be a basis to further research.

Old and New Results for First Order Periodic ODEs without Uniqueness: a Comprehensive Study by Lower and Upper Solutions

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Obersnel ◽  
Pierpaolo Omari
Keyword(s):  
Cauchy Problem ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Lower And Upper Solutions ◽  
Elementary Approach ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Cauchy Problem ◽  
Qualitative Properties Of Solutions ◽  
Comprehensive Study

AbstractAn elementary approach, based on a systematic use of lower and upper solutions, is employed to detect the qualitative properties of solutions of first order scalar periodic ordinary differential equations. This study is carried out in the Carathéodory setting, avoiding any uniqueness assumption, in the future or in the past, for the Cauchy problem. Various classical and recent results are recovered and generalized.

Studying Palestinian-Israeli Relations at the Vanderbilt Television News Archive (VTNA)

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Television News ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
P 16 ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Words And Images

For the Past Five Decades, media texts, broadcast over television air waves, have created a shared identity among viewing audiences. John B. Thompson notes that if culture is understood as “the ways in which meaningful expressions of various kinds are produced, constructed and received by individuals”, then mass media can be understood as central to the creation and maintenance of culture (pp. 122-23). The words and images that construct a media culture are the very building blocks of collective identity. As Michael Schudson observes, “news is part of the background through which and with which people think” (p. 16).

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