scholarly journals Ultrabasites and the sources of noble metals (Au, Pt, Pd) in the North Caucasus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.А. Богуш ◽  
Г.В. Рябов ◽  
В.И. Черкашин ◽  
Н.А. Исаева
Keyword(s):  
Black Shale ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Black Shales ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Lower Paleozoic ◽  
The North

Ультрабазиты Северного Кавказа являются древнейшими магматическими породами, возраст которых определяется как нижнепалеозойский (ордовик-силур). Эти породы играют ключевую роль в металлогении благородных металлов Кавказа. С ультрабазитами связаны гигантские запасы металлов в региональной углеродсодержащей девонской черносланцевой толще Северного Кавказа. Практическое значение имеют пермскские пропилиты (Чучкурское месторождение) и металлоносные юрские коры выветривания ультрабазитовых массивов. До настоящего времени не оценены благородные металлы лиственитов Северного Кавказа, сопровождающих ультрабазиты. Цель работы. Показать, что ультраосновные породы являются донорами благородных металлов (Au, Pt, Pd) для Северного Кавказа на протяжении всего фанерозоя. Подтвердить пространственно-временную связь ультрабазитов с благороднометалльным оруденением в черных сланцах Кавказа. Доказать на примере Беденского массива ультрабазитов наличие рудоносной коры выветривания, залегающей на размытой поверхности серпентинитов. Методы исследований. Сделан краткий исторический обзор исследований ультрабазитов с ориентацией на генетические связи благородных металлов (Au, Pt, Pd) с ультрабазитовой магмой. Проведен анализ геологических материалов по наиболее крупным на Северном Кавказе Беденскому и Малкинскому ультрабазитовым массивам - их составу, геохимическим особенностям и потенциальной рудоносности. Результаты работы. По химическому составу ультрабазиты Северного Кавказа отнесены к альпинотипному формационному типу. Установлена рудообразующая роль альпинотипных ультрабазитов для благородных металлов в осадочных и метаморфических толщах фанерозоя региона. Благородные металлы активно проявляются в металлогении фанерозойских геотектонических эпох: каледонской, герцинской, киммерийской и альпийской, имея единый первичный ультрабазитовый источник. Свежие, неизмененные серпентиниты в настоящее время не обнаруживают аномальные содержания благородных металлов, представляющих промышленный интерес. Насыщение серпентинитов благородными металлами проявляется при их экзогенной переработке в обогащенных продуктах их разрушения. Потенциально промышленными осадочными комплексами, состоящими из обогащенных продуктов разрушения серпентинитов, являются коры выветривания серпентинитов и осадочные черносланцевые толщи Северного Кавказа. Ультрабазитовая магма на Северном Кавказе послужила первичным глубинным источником благородных металлов в осадочных и метаморфогенных фанерозойских толщах Кавказа The ultrabasites of the North Caucasus are the oldest igneous rocks, whose age is defined as the Lower Paleozoic (Ordovician-Silurian). These rocks play a key role in the metallogeny of the noble metals of the Caucasus. Huge reserves of metals in the regional carbonaceous Devonian black shale stratum of the North Caucasus are associated with ultrabasites. Permian propylites (Chuchkurskoye deposit) and metal-bearing Jurassic crusts of weathering of ultrabasic massifs are of practical importance. To date, the noble metals of the listvenites of the North Caucasus accompanying ultrabasites have not been evaluated. Aim. Show that ultrabasic rocks are donors of noble metals (Au, Pt, Pd) for the North Caucasus throughout the entire Phanerozoic. Confirm the spatio-temporal relationship of ultrabasic rocks with noble metal mineralization in the black shales of the Caucasus. Prove the presence of an ore-bearing weathering crust on the eroded surface of serpentinites using the example of the Bedensky ultrabasic massif. Methods. A brief historical review of ultrabasite studies with a focus on the genetic relationships of noble metals (Au, Pt, Pd) with ultrabasite magma is made. The analysis of geological materials on the Bedene and Malkin ultrabasite massifs, the largest in the North Caucasus, is carried out - their composition, geochemical features and potential ore content. Results. According to the chemical composition, the ultrabasites of the North Caucasus are attributed to the alpinotype formation type. The ore-forming role of alpinotype ultrabasites for noble metals in sedimentary and metamorphic strata of the Phanerozoic region has been established. Noble metals are actively manifested in the metallogeny of the Phanerozoic Geotectonic epochs: Caledonian, Hercynian, Cimmerian and Alpine, having a single primary ultrabasic source. Fresh, unaltered serpentinites do not currently show anomalous contents of noble metals of industrial interest. The saturation of serpentinite with noble metals is manifested during their exogenous processing in the enriched products of their destruction. Potentially industrial sedimentary complexes consisting of enriched products of destruction of serpentinites are the weathering crusts of serpentinites and sedimentary black-shale strata of the North Caucasus. Ultrabasic magma in the North Caucasus served as the primary deep-seated source of precious metals in sedimentary and metamorphogenic Phanerozoic strata of the Caucasus

scholarly journals Geochemical features of metalliferous black shale of North Caucasus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.А. Богуш ◽  
Г.В. Рябов ◽  
В.И. Черкашин ◽  
Н.А. Исаева
Keyword(s):  
Black Shale ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Black Shales ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
Starting Point

Объектами исследования являются терригенные породы, входящие в состав Тоханского комплекса (Тоханский покров), расположенные в пределах Передового хребта Северного Кавказа и прослеженные на протяжении более 200 километров. Тоханский комплекс сложен пелитоморфными углеродсодержащими отложениями (черными сланцами) с подчиненными проявлениями вулканогенных, глинистокремнистых, глинистокарбонатных и псаммитовых пород, испытал зеленокаменный метаморфизм. Целью работы был анализ геохимических особенностей углеродсодержащей черносланцевой герцинской толщи Северного Кавказа. Специфическим для черных сланцев является комплекс элементов, типоморфных для ультрамафитовых пород: хром, кобальт, никель, титан, марганец, ванадий, фосфор. Халькофильные элементы гидротермалитов в черных сланцах, такие как медь, цинк, свинец, содержатся обычно в небольших количествах, но локально, в флюидоактивных зонах тектонических нарушений, их содержание резко возрастает. Группа элементов, типоморфных спутников золота мышьяк, висмут, сурьма, в неизмененных сланцах проявлена слабо, концентрируясь в участках наложенной гидротермальной проработки. Установлена значительная возмущающая роль магния в сланцах. Все это говорит о своеобразии черносланцевых отложений и значительном влиянии ультраосновного материала на их петрохимические особенности. Петрохимические модули указывают на установленную невысокую проявленность процессов механической дифференциации, низкую степень вклада процессов химического выветривания и низкий уровень показателя зрелости материала пород области сноса при формировании основной массы отложений. Площадное и точечное опробование черных сланцев на благородные металлы показало повсеместное присутствие золота, платины и палладия в аномальном количестве в сумме трех металлов не менее 1 г/т. Изложенный материал впервые однозначно указывает на ультрабазиты в качестве единого первичного источника благородных металлов в черносланцевом комплексе. Показано, что благородные металлы (Au, Pt, Pd) сингенетичны вмещающим осадочным терригенным толщам и отлагаются в процессе седиментогенеза. Анализ рудоносности черных сланцев Кавказа и установление древнейшего источника благородных металлов стали отправным пунктом для создания авторами металлометрической геологогенетической модели благородных металлов Северного Кавказа, охватывающей весь фанерозойский этап его развития. Черносланцевая зона Северного Кавказа может рассматриваться как новая перспективная провинция благородных металлов Au, Pt, Pd. The objects of the study are terrigenous rocks that are part of the Tokhan complex (Tokhan cover), located within the Advanced ridge of the North Caucasus and traced for more than 200 kilometers. The Tokhan complex is composed of pelitomorphic carbonaceous sediments (black shales) with subordinate manifestations of volcanogenic, claysiliceous, claycarbonate and psammitic rocks, has experienced greenstone metamorphism. The aim of the work was to analyze the geochemical features of the carbonaceous black shale Hercynian strata of the North Caucasus. Specific for black shale is a complex of elements typomorphic to ultramafic rocks: chromium, cobalt, nickel, titanium, manganese, vanadium, phosphorus. Chalcophilic elements of hydrothermalites in black shales, such as copper, zinc, lead, are usually contained in small quantities, but locally, in fluidactive zones of tectonic disturbances, their content increases sharply. A group of elements, typomorphic satellites of gold arsenic, bismuth, antimony, in unmodified shales is weakly manifested, concentrating in the areas of superimposed hydrothermal development. A significant perturbing role of magnesium in shale has been established. All this indicates the originality of black shale deposits and the significant influence of ultrabasic material on their petrochemical characteristics. Petrochemical modules indicate the established low manifestation of mechanical differentiation processes, a low degree of contribution of chemical weathering processes and a low level of maturity of the material in the drift area during the formation of the bulk of the deposits. Areal and point testing of black shale for noble metals showed the ubiquitous presence of gold, platinum and palladium in abnormal amounts in the sum of three metalsnot less than 1 g / t.The presented material for the first time clearly indicates ultrabasites as a single primary source of precious metals in the black shale complex. It is shown that noble metals (Au, Pt, Pd) are syngenetic to the host sedimentary terrigenous strata and are deposited during sedimentogenesis. Analysis of the orebearing black shales of the Caucasus and the establishment of the oldest source of precious metals became the starting point for the creation of the authors metallogenically geologicalgenetic models of noble metals in the North Caucasus spanning the entire Phanerozoic stage of its development. The black shale zone of the North Caucasus can be considered as a new promising province of precious metalsAu, Pt, Pd.

Assessment of the technical condition of underground structures of the largest hydroelectric power station in the North Caucasus, the Chirkeyskaya HPP

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-420
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. KAVKAZKY ◽  
◽  
Yana V. MEL’NIK ◽  
Alexey P. LEIKIN ◽  
Andrey V. BENIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Station ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The North

Objective: Chirkeyskaya HPP is by far the most powerful hydroelectric power plant in the North Caucasus with the highest arched dam in Russia and the second highest dam in the country after the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. This explains why it is called the pearl of the Caucasus. Methods: For the operation and maintenance of this unique structure, a large-scale complex of underground structures for various purposes was built, the technical condition of which must be constantly monitored. To carry out work on the survey of underground structures, the management of the design and survey institute of JSC “Lengidroproekt” decided to attract specialists from the Department of Tunnels and Subways and the Test Center “Strength” of Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University. The work was successfully carried out at the end of 2015. Results: The safety of underground structures was objectively assessed. Recommendations for the repair and further comprehensive reconstruction of the Chirkeyskaya HPP have been developed. Practical importance: Carry out work on the survey of underground structures of Chirkeyskaya HPP is allowes elaborate of complex measures on safety from Chirkeyskaya HPP.

scholarly journals Abnormally high content of noble metals in wastes of the Fiagdon concentration plant: a possible new type of mineralization for the North Caucasus is gold-platinoid with base metals, localized in the Early-Middle Jurassic black shales

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Г. Гурбанов ◽  
А.Я. Докучаев ◽  
В.М. Газеев ◽  
О.А. Гурбанова
Keyword(s):  
Noble Metal ◽  
Black Shale ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Black Shales ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Concentration Plant ◽  
The North ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Polymetallic Mineralization ◽  
Gold Platinum

На Северном Кавказе благороднометалльное (золото, серебро, платина, элементы платиновой группы) оруденение черносланцевого типа локализовано в тоар-ааленских флишоидных углеродсодержащих терригенных отложениях, приуроченных к региональной Самуро-Белореченской металлогенической зоне (СБМЗ) – от Дагестана до Адыгеи и Краснодарского края. Вовлечение в поисково-разведочные работы этого стратегического минерального типа оруденения дает возможность расширить минерально-сырьевую базу Южного федерального округа России. Цель исследований – выявление содержаний благородных металлов и элементов платиновой группы (ЭПГ) в промышленных отходах Фиагдонской обогатительной фабрики (ФОФ) и в рудовмещающих тоар-ааленских черносланцевых толщах. ФОФ, в частности, перерабатывала руды полиметаллических месторождений Кадат и Какадур, локализованных в тоар-ааленских флишоидных углеродсодержащих терригенных отложениях Авсандур-Ламардонского рудного поля (АЛРП). Проведена оценка АЛРП на возможность выявления здесь промышленно значимого золото-платиноидного с полиметаллами оруденения в черносланцевой толще. Методы исследования. ICP-MS анализом проанализированы 5 проб в Центре «ИГЕМ-Аналитика» на масс-спектрометре X-Series IIи 13 проб – в Лаборатории физико-химических и химических методов анализа ИМГРЭ на приборе Elan 6100 DRC. Результаты работы. Установленные в 18 пробах (в керне скважин) Фиагдонского хвостохранилища (ФХ) повышенные содержания благородных металлов можно объяснить наличием как в рудах АЛРП, так и во вмещающей их нижне-среднеюрской углеродсодержащей песчано-глинистой флишоидной толще нового для Северного Кавказа нижне-среднеюрского золото-платиноидного cполиметаллами оруденения в черносланцевой толще (2,5-3,2 мас. % УГВ). Предложена модель образования золото-платинового оруденения черносланцевого типа за счет конвекции вадозных вод в высоко металлоносных (Au, Ag, Pt, Pd) ранне-среднеюрских флишоидных толщах алевролито-аргиллитового состава. При поисковых работах на золото-кварцевый, золото-сульфидный и колчеданно-полиметаллический с золотом типы оруденения в Горной Осетии и в восточной части Горного Дагестана был выявлен ряд перспективных на золото объектов.В пределах СБМЗ может быть выявлен ряд промышленно значимых объектов с золото-платиноидным с полиметаллами оруденением в черносланцевых толщах тоар-ааленского возраста. Предложен комплекс мероприятий с минимальными временными, материальными и финансовыми затратами. In the North Caucasus noble-metal (gold, silver, platinum, elements of the platinum group (PGE)) mineralization of the black-shale type is localized in Toar-Aalenian flysch-like organic matter rich, terrigenous sediments in the regional (from Dagestan to Adygea and Krasnodar Territory) Samuro-Belorechenskaya metallogenic zone (SBMZ). Involvement in prospecting and exploration of this strategic type of mineralization provides the opportunity to expand the mineral resource base of the Southern Federal District of Russia. The Aim of the research is to identify the content of platinum and PGE in the industrial wastes of the Fiagdon concentration plant (FCP) and in the ore-bearing Toar-Aalenian black shale strata. In particular, processed ores of the Kadat and Kakadur polymetallic deposits, localized in Avsandur-Lamardon ore field (ALOF). The ALRP was prospected for economic gold-platinum with polymetallic deposit in the black-shales series. Methods. ICP-MS analysis - 5 samples were analyzed by ICP-MS in IGEM-Analytics Center on an X-Series II mass spectrometer and 13 samples - in the Laboratory of Physical-Chemical and Chemical Methods of Analysis of the IMGRE on the Elan 6100 DRC instrument. Results. The elevated noble metal concentrations established in 18 samples (borehole core samples) from the Fiagdon tailings dump could be explained by the presence of both the ALRP ores and the gold-platinum with polymetallic mineralization in the host Toar- Aalenian black-shales series (2.5-3.2 wt. % of carbonaceous matter). The model of formation of gold-platinum mineralization at the expense of vadose water convection in highly metalliferous (Au, Ag, Pt, Pd) Early-Middle Jurassic flysch-like strata of siltstone-argillite composition is proposed. During prospecting works for gold-quartz, gold-sulfide and colliery-polymetallic with gold types of mineralization in the Mountain Ossetia and in the eastern part of Mountain Dagestan a number of promising objects for gold were revealed. A number of economic significant objects with gold-platinum with polymetallic mineralization in black-shale series of Toar-Aalenian age can be identified within the SBMZ. A complex of prospecting with minimal time, material and financial expenses is proposed

Environmental Issue in the Caucasus Mountains: Prospects for Solving the Issue

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 621
Author(s):  
Huseyngulu Seyid oglu BAGIROV
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Environmental Issue ◽  
International Studies ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Global Environmental Issue ◽  
Caucasus Mountains

The modern stage in the development of civilization is characterized by the growth of contradictions between society and nature. In this regard, the study, the assessment, and the protection of biological and current landscape diversity have become a serious global environmental issue. The search for solutions is not merely an item of theoretical significance, but also great practical importance. This is not only a matter of the increasing pressure on various components of the anthropogenic environment and even on an entire ecosystem. At the same time, particularly regarding reform, there has been a clear shortage of theoretical and experimental studies of ecological systems at the regional and local levels. The Caucasus is noted for its high biodiversity and is among 200 priority regions. The North Caucasus is an integral part of the whole Caucasus, and currently is one of Russia’s most densely populated and developed regions. The region is facing a serious problem of developing a set of measures to maintain biological diversity, preserve biological resources, as well as optimize environmental management. Contemporary international studies (for example, the Johannesburg Memorandum, 2002) do not provide adequate tools for achieving the ideals of sustainable development, especially from a regional perspective. Classical ecology makes it possible to identify and formulate problems that threaten biodiversity. However, realistic and constructive proposals for their implementation have not yet been developed. The purpose of the study is to assess the current state of the ecosystems of the Caucasus Mountains for the development of ecological networks as the basis for the conservation of biological diversity.

Love and Jihad. Female Trajectories from North Caucasus to the Islamic State

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-151
Author(s):  
Denis Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Muslim Women ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Caucasian Women

In the 2000s, Al-Qaeda, represented by the Caucasus Emirate, took over the first Chechen resistance, as well as local Islamist armed groups in Dagestan and other republics of the North Caucasus. However, a decade later, the Islamic State won the competition with Al-Qaeda, by including the involvement of women in its project. Hundreds of Russian-speaking Muslim women followed men to live by the rules of Islam. Some joined their husbands or children. Others travelled to the Islamic State in pursuit of love and romance with future husbands they had met on the internet. Based on exclusive interviews done with women detained in the Roj detention camp in the Kurdish territories in northeastern Syria near the Iraqi border, this article analyzes some of the trajectories that has pushed young North Caucasian women to the Syrian war theater in the name of love.

scholarly journals FROM THE HISTORY OF THE OPENING OF VLADIKAVKAZ RAILWAY

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Ф.С. Киреев
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institutions ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
History Of ◽  
Privately Owned

В статье анализируются причины строительства Владикавказской железной дороги и механизм сооружения этой важной железнодорожной артерии. Актуальность темы анализа истории развития железнодорожной сети Северо-Кавказского региона определяется необходимостью подробного изучения проблем ее социально-экономического развития. Строительство Ростово-Владикавказской железной дороги также является примером государственно-частного сотрудничества, которое хорошо себя оправдало. Дорога была построена полностью за счет средств акционеров, среди которых были как крупные промышленники, так и простые обыватели. Находясь в частной собственности, Владикавказская железная дорога хорошо функционировала и развивалась. При этом государство получило важную транспортную артерию, имевшую большое экономическое и военно-стратегическое значение. Немаловажным было и то, что за счет Владикавказской железной дороги был построен ряд социальных объектов – больницы, учебные заведения. В статье также показана заинтересованность общественности Владикавказа и региона в целом в строительстве железной дороги. Различные варианты прокладки пути, строительства станций широко обсуждались как специалистами, так и простыми горожанами. В итоге был выбран наиболее оптимальный путь и месторасположения станции Владикавказ. В свое время, благодаря открытию Владикавказской железной дороги, был дан заметный импульс дальнейшему развитию торговли и промышленности на Северном Кавказе. Последующее расширение транспортных артерий уже в наши дни может существенно оживить экономику Кавказа и России в целом, а также внести свой вклад в деле развития туризма в регионе. В связи с этим и необходимо анализировать историю строительства Владикавказской железной дороги и перенимать лучший опыт прошлого. The article analyzes the reasons for constructing Vladikavkaz railway and the mechanism of constructing this important railway artery. The topic relevance of studying the history of the railway network in the North Caucasus is determined by the necessity for further problem research of its socio-economic development. In its time Vladikavkaz railway had a huge impact on the development of trade and industry in the North Caucasus. The construction of the Rostov-Vladikavkaz railway is also an example of public-private cooperation, which has paid off well. The road was built entirely at the expense of shareholders, among whom were both large industrialists and ordinary people. Being privately owned, the Vladikavkaz railway functioned and developedwell. At the same time, the state acquired an important transport artery of great economic and military-strategic importance. It was also important that a number of social facilities were built at the expense of the Vladikavkaz railway - hospitals, educational institutions. The article also shows the interest of the public in Vladikavkaz and the region as a whole in the construction of the railway. Various options for laying the track, building stations were widely discussed by both specialists and ordinary citizens. As a result, the most optimal route and location of the Vladikavkaz station were chosen. Further expansion of transport arteries today can significantly revive the economy of the Caucasus and Russia as a whole, as well as contribute to the development of tourism in the region. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the history of constructing Vladikavkaz railway and adopt the best experience of the past.

scholarly journals A Valor-Bonded Unity: Participation of Ethnic Minorities’ Representatives in the Battles for Kuban and Crimea (1941–1943)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Ф. Бугай
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The North ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units

В статье на основе исследований российских ученых, архивных документов, воспоминаний рассматривается слабо изученная в отечественной историографии проблема участия представителей этнических меньшинств в битвах за Кавказ и Крым в ходе Великой Отечественной войны. В качестве примера автором избраны этнические общности курдов и корейцев. Использованы историко-генетический, историко-биографический и системно-исторический методы. Изучены меры советского командования по формированию национальных воинских подразделений; реконструированы биографии героев войны – корейцев и курдов, участвовавших в освобождении Юга России и получивших боевые награды; прослежена их послевоенная судьба; рассмотрены репрессивные действия советского правительства по отношению к военнослужащим некоторых национальностей. Автор заключает, что представители разных народов СССР, столкнувшись с врагом, проявили стремление к единству и добровольное желание выступить на защиту государства, которое они избрали своей Родиной. The aim of the article is to reconstruct the biographies of participants in the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945), who belonged to ethnic minorities and fought for the liberation of the Caucasus and Crimea from Nazi invaders. As an example, the author selected ethnic communities of Kurds and Koreans. The study was conducted on the basis of research by Russian scholars, archival documents, and memoirs of direct participants in the events. The historical-genetic, historical-biographical and system-historical methods were used. The measures of the Soviet command for the formation of national military units were studied, the biographies of war heroes, Koreans and Kurds who participated in the liberation of the South of Russia and received military awards (including the title Hero of the Soviet Union) were reconstructed. The author describes in detail the military clashes during which these fighters showed military prowess, presents their photographs, and traces their further military path, post-war fate and forms of their memory perpetuation. Quotations from the war veterans’ front-line letters and their relatives’ memoirs are given. The repressive actions of the Soviet government towards the military personnel of certain nationalities, who after the demobilization received the status of “special settlers” and lost their military tickets and award sheets, are also considered. The author emphasizes that the fight against the enemy was a test of strength for the unity of the peoples living in the Caucasus and Crimea. Examples of civic solidarity in the fight against the enemy shown by ethnic minorities in the early days of the war (mass enrollment in volunteers, holding civil rallies) are given. It is noted that representatives of local ethnic communities became the basis of 12 military units that were at the forefront of the defenders of the Caucasus. The paradoxical nature of the situation in which USSR citizens were repressed for various (often far-fetched) reasons is stated; however, during the war they still heroically fought against Nazism with arms in their hands. The author connects the repressions against members of the ethnic minorities with the ethnosocial policy pursued by the Soviet state, as well as the spread of desertion and draft evasion in the North Caucasus and Crimea. It is concluded that representatives of ethnic minorities living in the USSR, faced with the enemy, showed a desire for unity and a voluntary desire to defend the state, which they chose as their homeland.

The North Caucasus in Contemporary U.S.-Russia Relations: Key Problems and Implications for the Future

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Maxim A. Suchkov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Present Article ◽  
The United States ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
The North ◽  
The Future ◽  
Boston Marathon ◽  
The U.S

The North Caucasus is a most significant but a least understood problem in contemporary U.S.-Russia relations. The United States as one of the prime pace-setters in the region shaped its own attitude towards Russia’s most volatile region. Over more than twenty years, Washington experienced at least three major stages in its “Caucasus strategy”, and each stage had its impact on the North Caucasus. Since the beginning, the two states stuck to conflicting narratives of developments in the region. With time, some of the assessments were re-evaluated, but some continue to impede cooperation on key security issues. The present article explores these phenomena and examines what implications major events like the 9/11 attacks, the Caucasus Emirate enlistment among top terrorist organisations, the Boston marathon bombings, etc. had for the U.S.-Russia joint efforts in fighting terrorism. It also assesses areas of potential disagreement in the North Caucasus between the two countries.

The Beginning of the Formation of the Railway Network in the North Caucasus

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Zabelin
Keyword(s):  
Main Line ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
Further Development

The problem of the need for construction of railways in the North Caucasus as a strategically and economically important enterprise for maintaining and developing the viability of the region is considered. Preconditions and opinions on the appropriateness of railway connection are given. To achieve this goal in the region, it was decided to establish a new joint-stock company of the Rostov-Vladikavkaz railway. The dynamics is investigated from planning, choosing the final direction from those proposed by the engineers who carried out surveys on the ground, to the actual opening of permanent traffic on the first (main) line of the Rostov-on-Don - Vladikavkaz Society - the first highway that connected the Caucasus with the central part of the state in 1875 ... A brief description of this path is given. The geography of the line was investigated. Some stages of further development are given, the results and opinions obtained during the operation of the road are summed up. The issue of location and development of the Rostov railway junction is considered. Already in the first years of operation, the enormous potential of railway transport in the North Caucasus was obvious, not only strategically, but also as an economically important enterprise that opened up new opportunities for the development of the region, which in turn made the railway the main industrial giant.

Foxe Platform and Basin Tectono-Sedimentary Element

2021 ◽  
pp. M57-2016-27
Author(s):  
Denis Lavoie ◽  
Nicolas Pinet ◽  
Shunxin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Black Shales ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Precambrian Basement ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
Lower Paleozoic ◽  
Lower Silurian ◽  
The North ◽  
Marine Carbonate ◽  
Single Well

AbstractThe Foxe Platform and Basin Tectono-Sedimentary Element is an ovoid-shaped, predominantly marine basin located in the Canadian Arctic. The Paleozoic sedimentary succession (Cambrian to Silurian) unconformably overlies the Precambrian basement and reaches a maximum measured thickness of slightly over 500 metres in the only exploration well drilled in this basin. The Lower Paleozoic Foxe Platform and Basin Tectono-Sedimentary Element is surrounded by Precambrian basement and by the Paleozoic Arctic Platform to the north and by the Paleozoic-Mesozoic (?) Hudson Bay Strait Platform and Basin to the south. The Paleozoic succession consists of a Cambrian clastic-dominated interval overlain by Ordovician to lower Silurian predominantly shallow marine carbonate. Other than a single well drilled in the northern part of the basin, no subsurface information is available. Thermally immature Upper Ordovician organic matter rich calcareous black shales have been mapped on the onshore extension of the basin to the southeast. Potential hydrocarbon reservoirs consist of Cambrian porous coarse-grained clastics as well as Upper Ordovician dolostones and reefs.

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