scholarly journals In the Eye of the Storm: Humanitarian NGOs, Complex Emergencies, and Conflict Resolution

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Stein
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
International Context ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Humanitarian Emergencies ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Emergency Assistance ◽  
Complex Humanitarian Emergencies ◽  
New Strategies

The challenges faced by non-governmental organizations seeking to mitigate violence within the context of “complex humanitarian emergencies” create new dilemmas and require new strategies. These emergencies arise from violence inflicted by one group against another within the confines of a state, from the capture of state institutions by one group, or by the collapse of these institutions and the failure of governance. They develop within a context of disengagement by the major powers and the privatization of emergency assistance. I first analyze the dimensions of complex humanitarian emergencies, define the dilemmas humanitarian NGOs face and their implications for conflict resolution, and examine the changing international context to establish the scope of disengagement and privatization. I then assess the troubling evidence that humanitarian NGOs have contributed inadvertently to the escalation of violence rather than to conflict resolution. I explore three possible strategies, some of them counterintuitive, which could contribute to the mitigation of the violence and to conflict resolution.

Humanitarian assistance: is it politically instrumentalized?

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Hari Krishna Bhattarai ◽  
Kshitiz Acharya ◽  
Anthony Land
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
The Political ◽  
Humanitarian Emergencies ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
The Core ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Secure Access ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Complex Humanitarian Emergencies

Humanitarian assistance, increasingly being used as a strategic tool, to fulfill the political objectives has been a widely discussed issue at national and international levels. Non-governmental Organizations including United Nations and its agencies are questioned on their neutrality while providing the humanitarian assistance in many places and more often during the complex humanitarian emergencies. This has not only raised questions on humanitarian principles but also created a very negative and counterproductive situation and thus limits an impartial, neutral and effective humanitarian action. The deontological approach might not be applicable in every scenario. One size does not fit all. So, consequentialist approach together with the morality of the action itself needs to be adopted for expanding the horizon of humanity without compromising the core humanitarian principles. All actors should respect the humanitarian principles. Humanitarian assistance is to be impartial and not driven by the politics of the conflict, aimed only at alleviating the people’s suffering. The core humanitarian imperatives founded on neutrality and independence are the key tools to secure access to all communities in need; impartiality and humanity represent the essence of humanitarian philosophy and cannot be compromised.

Complex, Humanitarian Emergencies: III. Measures of Effectiveness

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Burkle ◽  
Katherine A.W. McGrady ◽  
Sandra L. Newett ◽  
John J. Nelson ◽  
Jonathan T. Dworken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Solution ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Humanitarian Emergencies ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Complex Humanitarian Emergencies ◽  
Communication And Coordination ◽  
Measures Of Effectiveness

AbstractComplex humanitarian emergencies lack a mechanism to coordinate, communicate, assess, and evaluate response and outcome for the major participants (United Nations, Intenational Committee of the Red Cross, non-governmental organizations and military forces). Success in these emergencies will depend on the ability to accomplish agreed upon measures of effectiveness (MOEs). A recent civil-military humanitarian exercise demonstrated the ability of participants to develop consensus-driven MOEs. These MOEs combined security measures utilized by the military with humanitarian indicators recognized by relief organizations. Measures of effectiveness have the potential to be a unifying disaster management tool and a partial solution to the communication and coordination problems inherent in these complex emergencies.

scholarly journals Understanding disasters: managing and accommodating different worldviews in humanitarian response

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Clarke ◽  
Brett W. Parris
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Humanitarian Emergencies ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
International Response ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Complex Humanitarian Emergencies ◽  
Acts Of God

AbstractOver the past decade, humanitarian events affected on average 120 million people annually. Whilst many of these events are human-induced, a large number of the 400 or so complex humanitarian emergencies that require international response each year are natural. Such events result in loss of life, injure and maim survivors, destroy infrastructure and give rise to psycho-social trauma. Aid agencies working alongside affected communities must address all these consequences as part of their responses. What is also required though is an appreciation that worldviews will inform how affected communities both understand the cause of the event, their role in the event and how they will subsequently participate in rebuilding or reconstruction programs. Disasters can be affected by religious beliefs. With more than 85% of the global population self-professing religious belief, these worldviews are often shaped in whole or in part by sacred texts, religious teachings and sectarian practices. In this regard, it is not uncommon for those affected by disasters (particularly natural disasters) to genuinely describe these events as ‘acts of God’. Effective responses require the local context to be central in assessing needs and determining capacities. This must include an understanding of and authentic engagement with religious beliefs and how this may affect how the humanitarian event interacts with these beliefs. There is though little evidence as to how professional humanitarian workers accommodate the religious beliefs of local populations in their planning, implementation and evaluation of humanitarian responses. This paper draws on the experiences of humanitarian workers based in the USA and Australia from both faith-based and secular international non-governmental organizations to consider both how these workers themselves accommodate the religious views of affected communities in their responses and also their experience as to how such views affect the effectiveness of responses. This paper will consider why aid agencies must incorporate (and appreciate) different worldviews around disasters in order to more effectively respond to the needs of communities affected by humanitarian events. It will also identify difficulties and opportunities experienced by individual humanitarian practitioners as well as agencies when working in such environments.

The Relevance of Stakeholders in an International Context

2019 ◽  
pp. 196-214
Author(s):  
Jaime Guerrero-Villegas
Keyword(s):  
Stakeholder Theory ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
International Context ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
High Level ◽  
Point Of Reference

The study of the stakeholders is key to a firm's survival and success. This chapter serves as a point of reference for managers by providing a better understanding of stakeholder theory and of the different groups of stakeholders. Additionally, the chapter analyzes the international scenario characterized by globalization and a high level of competitiveness in order to understand the role played by specific stakeholders such as shareholders, employees, governments, and non-governmental organizations. After reading this chapter, readers should be able to understand the basic principles of stakeholder theory; to identify the different groups of stakeholders, analyzing the role that they play in the firm; to understand the motives which push firms to operate internationally and the different methods that they can use to carry this out; and to reflect on the key stakeholders in an international context.

scholarly journals Cultural Exchanges between Russia and Turkmenistan: Structure, Dynamics, and Defining Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
Ksenia G. Muratshina
Keyword(s):  
Recent Decade ◽  
Soviet Republic ◽  
Asian Studies ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Cultural Exchanges ◽  
Independent States ◽  
The Russian Federation

Cultural exchanges are an essential component of humanitarian interaction between countries and societies, in particular, between political partners and neighboring states whose citizens regularly communicate with each other. This paper discusses cooperation in the area of cultural exchanges between the Russian Federation and one of its Central Asian neighbors the former Soviet republic of Turkmenistan. To date, cultural exchanges and humanitarian cooperation have received very little attention in Central Asian studies, despite the attention paid to Russian-Turkmen economic cooperation and policy aspects. This paper is aimed at illuminating the modes, factors, dynamics, and defining features of the Russia-Turkmenistan cooperation in the area of cultural exchanges over the recent decade. The notions “cultural exchanges”, “humanitarian cooperation”, and “cooperation in the area of cultural exchanges” are explored in Russian-Turkmen diplomatic documents and the legislation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The author has studied such sources as diplomatic documents, interviews, newsletters of state institutions and non-governmental organizations, and news archives of Russian and Turkmen media.

scholarly journals Rumbo a un redireccionamiento de las políticas de drogas en América: la posibilidad de construcción de alternativas desde una perspectiva subregional Sur Americana / Towards a new direction on drug policy in the Americas

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-502
Author(s):  
Laura Lucia Nieto ◽  
Cristiano Morini
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
War On Drugs ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
American States ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
America Latina ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
The Ideal

En este artículo se presenta el estado actual de las cuestiones relacionadas con la producción, comercialización y consumo de cocaína en el panorama americano. Según las cifras publicada por organizaciones internacionales gubernamentales y no gubernamentales,  la producción total de cocaína no ha disminuido significativamente en los últimos 4 décadas, las tasas de homicidio y de violencia vinculados al crimen organizado aumentaron en los países con mayor flujo de cocaína y, en la última década, ha incrementado el porcentaje de consumidores en América Latina. Existe un interés creciente de los Estados Americanos en la evaluación de las estrategias de la lucha contra las drogas y en discutir nuevas estrategias que se aparten o sean alternativa al discurso de criminalización que ha caracterizado hasta ahora la guerra contra las drogas y que no ha lograr un cambio significativo. Basándose en un estudio exploratorio del informe presentado por la OEA en mayo de 2013, y en un análisis de los posicionamientos de los gobernantes del continente acerca de las drogas, se sugiere que las organizaciones gubernamentales regionales, como UNASUR son el lugar ideal para proponer, debatir e implementar nuevas estrategias que corresponden a los problemas sociales del contexto regional.Abstract: This article describes the current status of issues related to production, marketing and consumption of cocaine in the Americas. According to figures published by international governmental and non-governmental organizations, the total cocaine production has not decreased significantly over the last four decades, rates of homicide and violence linked to organized crime have increased in countries with greater flow of cocaine, and in the last decade the percentage of consumers in Latin America has increased. There is a growing interest of American States in assessing strategies to combat drugs and to discuss new strategies that depart or become an alternative to the discourse of criminalization that has characterized the war on drugs and without achieving a significant change. Based on an exploratory study of the report of the OAS in May 2013, and on the analysis of the positions of the rulers of the continent about drugs, this paper suggests that regional governmental organizations such as UNASUR are the ideal locus to propose, debate and implement new strategies to respond the production, commercialization and use of drugs, linked to social, politic and economic problems of the regional context.

scholarly journals NGOization of Islamic Education: The Post-Coup Turkish State and Sufi Orders in Africa South of the Sahara

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Ezgi Guner
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
State Repression ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Turkish State ◽  
Education In Turkey ◽  
Neoliberal Restructuring

This article analyzes the recently formed transnational networks of Islamic education between Turkey and Africa south of the Sahara through the study of the neglected case of Erenköy Cemaati. The expansion of the schools affiliated with Erenköy Cemaati cannot be divorced from Turkey’s Africa strategy and the growing importance of education within it since the late 2000s. Although Sufi orders and state institutions historically represent two divergent and conflicting streams of Islamic education in Turkey, the analysis of Erenköy Cemaati’s schools in Africa south of the Sahara reveal their rapprochement in novel ways. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Turkey, Tanzania, and Senegal, this article shows that the complex relations between the Turkish state and Sufi orders in the field of education in Africa are facilitated by a constellation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Situating ethnographic data in historical context, it argues that the Islamic schools of Erenköy Cemaati are produced by the overlapping processes of the NGOization of Sufi orders in response to earlier state repression in Turkey and the NGOization of education in the wake of the neoliberal restructuring in Africa. While contributing to our understanding of post-coup Turkey and its evolving relations with Africa south of the Sahara, this article provides at the same time a new window into the NGOization of Islamic education on the continent.

scholarly journals Aneuploidy Analysis of 5740 Referral Cases: A Triennial Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi P. Shah ◽  
Parth S. Shah ◽  
Nirzari H. Bhatt ◽  
Ketan K. Vaghasia ◽  
Krishna Mistry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
International System ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Autosomal Aneuploidy ◽  
Human Cytogenetic ◽  
Numerical Aberrations ◽  
Diagnostic Research ◽  
New Strategies

Background and Objectives: Aneuploidy is one of the major concerns to cause genetic anomalies. This condition is mostly related to addition and/or deletion with respect to set(s) of chromosomes. Here, we report an analysis of 5740 referral cases during three consecutive years (2015 – 2018) from our Diagnostic Research Center, Ahmedabad for aneuploidy pattern. Methodologies: The patients were asked to fill the necessary forms and their blood (5ml) was drawn for chromosomal studies using the Karyotyping following International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN) manual. Results: The data revealed the numerical aberrations for only aneuploidy detected was (3.7%; 211/5740). In this report, constitutional (c) autosomal aneuploidy was 75% (158/211). The total mosaic cases were nine (9/211) comprising constitutive (2) and acquired (7) aneuploidy cases. In autosomal aneuploidy, cT21 was higher (96%; 152/158) than others (4%; 6/158) comparatively. Among cT21 (152), males (76%; 115/152) were more affected than females (24%; 37/152). These statistical data also revealed that acquired chromosomal aneuploidy (leukemia) possessed (25%; 53/211); with more mosaic cases (7/211). Conclusion: Couples with such conditions are eligible for genetic tests and counseling as well as new strategies are urgently to be undertaken by governmental organizations (GOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) for affected families with better personalized and informed decision making. The significance of these data is thus discussed in relation to genetic disorders caused by constitutional and acquired aneuploidy of leukemic blood in this report.

scholarly journals The Place and Importance of Associations in Strengthening Trade Unions

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MA. Ali ihsan Çelen
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Core ◽  
Trade Unionism ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
New Strategies

Developments in the globalization process play an important role in the power loss of trade unions. This situation reveals the problems of unionization in the current industrial relations system. At this point, associations with aspects similar to the trade unions and important non-governmental organizations (NGOs), have an important place in terms of understanding the position, the importance, and the functions of today's industrial relations system where different ways of solutions are sought for unionism. In this context, this investigation focuses on the role, importance and functions of associations in the protection and reinforcement of the existing forces of the trade unions.The investigation aims to evaluate the position, importance and the potential functions of the associations in development of new strategies for strengthening the trade unions, and to suggest new ideas on this direction. The topic (in the direction of the determined purpose) was evaluated under the titles of ‘change and transformation in trade unionism’, ‘new strategies discussed and developed in the process of strengthening the trade unions’, and ‘the associations in development of new strategies’. According to basic findings, in the process of the re-empowerment of trade unions, associations are emerging as important NGOs in the realization of positive scenarios and taking precautions against negative scenarios. In conclusion; besides unionization, importance should be attached to association in every matter. In this process, associations should function in the independent status, in the dependent status, and in the core status.

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