scholarly journals Aneuploidy Analysis of 5740 Referral Cases: A Triennial Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi P. Shah ◽  
Parth S. Shah ◽  
Nirzari H. Bhatt ◽  
Ketan K. Vaghasia ◽  
Krishna Mistry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
International System ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Autosomal Aneuploidy ◽  
Human Cytogenetic ◽  
Numerical Aberrations ◽  
Diagnostic Research ◽  
New Strategies

Background and Objectives: Aneuploidy is one of the major concerns to cause genetic anomalies. This condition is mostly related to addition and/or deletion with respect to set(s) of chromosomes. Here, we report an analysis of 5740 referral cases during three consecutive years (2015 – 2018) from our Diagnostic Research Center, Ahmedabad for aneuploidy pattern. Methodologies: The patients were asked to fill the necessary forms and their blood (5ml) was drawn for chromosomal studies using the Karyotyping following International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN) manual. Results: The data revealed the numerical aberrations for only aneuploidy detected was (3.7%; 211/5740). In this report, constitutional (c) autosomal aneuploidy was 75% (158/211). The total mosaic cases were nine (9/211) comprising constitutive (2) and acquired (7) aneuploidy cases. In autosomal aneuploidy, cT21 was higher (96%; 152/158) than others (4%; 6/158) comparatively. Among cT21 (152), males (76%; 115/152) were more affected than females (24%; 37/152). These statistical data also revealed that acquired chromosomal aneuploidy (leukemia) possessed (25%; 53/211); with more mosaic cases (7/211). Conclusion: Couples with such conditions are eligible for genetic tests and counseling as well as new strategies are urgently to be undertaken by governmental organizations (GOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) for affected families with better personalized and informed decision making. The significance of these data is thus discussed in relation to genetic disorders caused by constitutional and acquired aneuploidy of leukemic blood in this report.

scholarly journals Rumbo a un redireccionamiento de las políticas de drogas en América: la posibilidad de construcción de alternativas desde una perspectiva subregional Sur Americana / Towards a new direction on drug policy in the Americas

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-502
Author(s):  
Laura Lucia Nieto ◽  
Cristiano Morini
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
War On Drugs ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
American States ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
America Latina ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
The Ideal

En este artículo se presenta el estado actual de las cuestiones relacionadas con la producción, comercialización y consumo de cocaína en el panorama americano. Según las cifras publicada por organizaciones internacionales gubernamentales y no gubernamentales,  la producción total de cocaína no ha disminuido significativamente en los últimos 4 décadas, las tasas de homicidio y de violencia vinculados al crimen organizado aumentaron en los países con mayor flujo de cocaína y, en la última década, ha incrementado el porcentaje de consumidores en América Latina. Existe un interés creciente de los Estados Americanos en la evaluación de las estrategias de la lucha contra las drogas y en discutir nuevas estrategias que se aparten o sean alternativa al discurso de criminalización que ha caracterizado hasta ahora la guerra contra las drogas y que no ha lograr un cambio significativo. Basándose en un estudio exploratorio del informe presentado por la OEA en mayo de 2013, y en un análisis de los posicionamientos de los gobernantes del continente acerca de las drogas, se sugiere que las organizaciones gubernamentales regionales, como UNASUR son el lugar ideal para proponer, debatir e implementar nuevas estrategias que corresponden a los problemas sociales del contexto regional.Abstract: This article describes the current status of issues related to production, marketing and consumption of cocaine in the Americas. According to figures published by international governmental and non-governmental organizations, the total cocaine production has not decreased significantly over the last four decades, rates of homicide and violence linked to organized crime have increased in countries with greater flow of cocaine, and in the last decade the percentage of consumers in Latin America has increased. There is a growing interest of American States in assessing strategies to combat drugs and to discuss new strategies that depart or become an alternative to the discourse of criminalization that has characterized the war on drugs and without achieving a significant change. Based on an exploratory study of the report of the OAS in May 2013, and on the analysis of the positions of the rulers of the continent about drugs, this paper suggests that regional governmental organizations such as UNASUR are the ideal locus to propose, debate and implement new strategies to respond the production, commercialization and use of drugs, linked to social, politic and economic problems of the regional context.

scholarly journals Role of Youth Diplomacy in Governments' Foreign Relationships by Using YNGOs Capacity (Youth Non-governmental Organizations)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Rohollah Modaber
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
International System ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
New Situation

In current world, regarding the daily event occur in human communications domain, the process of international problems causes blurring the role of governments and this new situation leads to evolution in common traditional diplomacy of past centuries. Parallel with the communities' evolution, it is evident, new scenarios engender in diplomacy and international relations arena which seek the modern preferences along methods adoption and modern means like using non-governmental players capacity especially NGOs. Regarding the youth role-playing in various countries specially developed onesas a thinking, work and providing ideas forces in institutions, scientific and administrative centers and the YNGOsdevelopment process in the global system along various programs including welfare and philanthropic measures beyond the countries' boundary; and creating active youth global network and developing this network in most youth communities along influence in philanthropic and universal programs in international arena which causes the influence on the minds of different masses of people and even governments and international organizations; new discourse with the title of youth diplomacy as modern diplomacy is created. Therefore, the present study aimed toinvestigate what is the role of youth diplomacy in developing philanthropic discourse and promoting welfare measures in international system by using NGOs. It seems, meanwhile, moving in the way of developing mutual understanding among youth in other countries, who has motivation and concerns to encounter the spread of war, ethnic conflicts, migration, the spread of AIDS, environmental degradation and other similar cases; will be the reason of the creation of the effective youth global network in countries along governments and YNGOs-orientated by unofficial meanshave the approach of achieving a better future in order to achieve the peace and pressure on the governments have the role in promoting violence and extremism.

scholarly journals The Place and Importance of Associations in Strengthening Trade Unions

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MA. Ali ihsan Çelen
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Core ◽  
Trade Unionism ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
New Strategies

Developments in the globalization process play an important role in the power loss of trade unions. This situation reveals the problems of unionization in the current industrial relations system. At this point, associations with aspects similar to the trade unions and important non-governmental organizations (NGOs), have an important place in terms of understanding the position, the importance, and the functions of today's industrial relations system where different ways of solutions are sought for unionism. In this context, this investigation focuses on the role, importance and functions of associations in the protection and reinforcement of the existing forces of the trade unions.The investigation aims to evaluate the position, importance and the potential functions of the associations in development of new strategies for strengthening the trade unions, and to suggest new ideas on this direction. The topic (in the direction of the determined purpose) was evaluated under the titles of ‘change and transformation in trade unionism’, ‘new strategies discussed and developed in the process of strengthening the trade unions’, and ‘the associations in development of new strategies’. According to basic findings, in the process of the re-empowerment of trade unions, associations are emerging as important NGOs in the realization of positive scenarios and taking precautions against negative scenarios. In conclusion; besides unionization, importance should be attached to association in every matter. In this process, associations should function in the independent status, in the dependent status, and in the core status.

scholarly journals Comparison of Development of Non-governmental Organizations and the Current State of Their Funding in Slovakia and Austria

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-286
Author(s):  
Mária Svidroňová ◽  
Gabriela Vaceková
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Active Citizenship ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Current State ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
A Current

Abstract Non-governmental organizations play a vital role in the economy of every country. They are not only providers of special type of services that public sector is not capable of providing in full quality and quantity, and private sector is not interested in, but they are also watch dogs of the society and builders of active citizenship. Thus they have become an object of many research studies. The divergence in their goals, sizes, roles, types of services provided, and ways of funding make NGOs an interesting subject. As a goal for our research we therefore chose a comparison of the development and state of the Slovak and Austrian non-profit sector in the view of historical development of both countries. Consequently, we want to evaluate the funding of NGOs in Slovakia and Austria. In the paper we map the development of non-profit sector in Slovakia and Austria and in the context of a common historical development we assess a current state and a potential of economic strength of NGOs in both countries. The output is comparison of funding of NGOs in Slovakia and Austria based on statistical data evaluation. Subsequently, we propose recommendation for suitable diversification of the funding sources.

Non-governmental organizations in Russia and abroad: actual issues of legal status and functioning

10.12737/1930 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Владлена Лысенко ◽  
Vladlena Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
International System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Freedom Of Association ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

The author has attempted to look at the phenomenon of non-governmental organizations from international and national legal points of view, to investigate the legal nature, place and role of NGOs in contemporary constitutional and international system, to explore and identify various forms and ways of the right for association, to analyze international legal and national sources on the topic, compare them and draw appropriate conclusions. The article analyzes the problems of civil society and human rights in the domestic and international legal dimension. Given the different definitions and approaches to the study of the legal status and activities of non-governmental organizations, this article uses the author’s definition of a public association, which is based on the right of everyone to freedom of association. The paper sets out a number of general theoretical and methodological recommendations to help improve the activities of public associations, the development of the legal framework of their functioning, enhance their prestige and influence among the citizens, a gradual reduction of conflict in society, the achievement of civil, political and legal consensus. Theoretical basis of scientific article are works of Russian and foreign scientists on common issues of law, human rights issues and activities of the legal status of public associations, as well as works on philosophy, sociology, history, political science and international relations.

scholarly journals In the Eye of the Storm: Humanitarian NGOs, Complex Emergencies, and Conflict Resolution

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Stein
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
International Context ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Humanitarian Emergencies ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Emergency Assistance ◽  
Complex Humanitarian Emergencies ◽  
New Strategies

The challenges faced by non-governmental organizations seeking to mitigate violence within the context of “complex humanitarian emergencies” create new dilemmas and require new strategies. These emergencies arise from violence inflicted by one group against another within the confines of a state, from the capture of state institutions by one group, or by the collapse of these institutions and the failure of governance. They develop within a context of disengagement by the major powers and the privatization of emergency assistance. I first analyze the dimensions of complex humanitarian emergencies, define the dilemmas humanitarian NGOs face and their implications for conflict resolution, and examine the changing international context to establish the scope of disengagement and privatization. I then assess the troubling evidence that humanitarian NGOs have contributed inadvertently to the escalation of violence rather than to conflict resolution. I explore three possible strategies, some of them counterintuitive, which could contribute to the mitigation of the violence and to conflict resolution.

scholarly journals Uczniowie cudzoziemscy w polskiej szkole – między integracją a marginalizacją

1970 ◽  
pp. 129-152
Author(s):  
Edyta Januszewska
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Culturally Different ◽  
Polish School ◽  
Domestic Law

The text concerns the situation of culturally different children in the environment of Polish schools. The first part presents selected regulations of international and domestic law referring to the education of foreign children. The second and third parts present the challenges of a multicultural Polish school; the cited statistical data illustrate the insignificant presence of foreign children in Polish schools. The text is based on the analysis of academic literature, reports from non-governmental organizations and various legal regulations referring to the functioning of migrant children in Poland. It also draws on fragments of the Author’s research conducted within the project ‘A culturally different child in Poland. A pedagogical study of “rooting”’, realised in the years 2011–2014 in the Mazovian voivodeship and the capital city of Warsaw.

INFLUENCE OF TRAINING ON EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE IN NGOS: A RESEARCH IN LEBANON

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (45) ◽  
pp. 2265-2283
Author(s):  
Fatmeh El Musleh
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
And Behavior

This research focuses on the influence of training on employees‟ performance (through the ability and desire, discipline and behavior, and the results) in non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Lebanon. It provides information about the importance of training for employees and their influence on employee performance in NGOs in Lebanon. A quantitative research method of the data collection was adopted using a questionnaire through convenient sampling technique and filled out by 182 respondents. The information and statistical data collected and analyzed using SPSS to test hypotheses and draw conclusions have shown positive signs on the three proposed hypotheses formulated for testing the influence of training on employee performance regarding ability and desire, discipline and behavior, and on the results. The findings and recommendations provide NGOs with the needed knowledge and information on the importance of investing in training to produce a better workforce to better promoting organizational performance. In fact, the findings in this study serve as a guide to students and researchers who want to further research about NGOs in Lebanon to build upon these findings and recommendations to get more insights on the importance of training for employees in NGOs to promote proficiency and effectiveness of staff recruited by NGOs. Keywords: Training, Employee Performance, Human Resource, NGO, Lebanon.

Contested World Orders

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Institutions ◽  
International System ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Rising Powers ◽  
Market Making ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status

Contested World Orders systematically compares the demands of rising powers and non-governmental organizations towards international institutions. As international institutions have taken on ever more ambitious tasks, they have been challenged by rising powers dissatisfied with existing institutional inequalities, by non-governmental organizations worried about the direction of global governance, and even by some established powers no longer content to lead the institutions they themselves created. While the debates about the changing international system often focus on the overall structure, this book aims at providing a comprehensive and comparative analysis of the constellation of preferences on the level of individual institutions. Three contributions should be highlighted. First, while demands for change are numerous and often severe, they are largely driven by specific institutional features and interest constellations. There is little evidence of a cleavage between established and rising powers or a hegemonic struggle between the US and China. On many conflicts there are established and rising powers on both sides. Second, in some cases the rising powers have in fact defended the status quo. They have opposed both Western countries’ attempts to increase the intrusiveness of market-making international institutions and NGOs’ attempts to have stronger market-braking regulation of global markets. Third, conflicts appear to be most intractable where established powers aim to defend their institutional privileges against rising powers who demand institutional roles commensurate with their new-found influence.

NGO’s Authority: A Discussion in the Global Environmental Governance

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-97
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Zou ◽  
Chuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
International System ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Global Environmental Governance ◽  
Sociological Institutionalism ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Important Position

As non-governmental organizations (NGOs) assume incrementally important roles in global environmental governance, literature regarding their functions also multiplies. Studies are available about their features, structural advantages or impacts. However, very few have sufficiently explained what makes them tick in the international system as non-state actors. In this article, we argue that NGOs’ important position in global governance lies in its authority. We build our analysis on sociological institutionalism and the principal–agent models, arguing that NGOs are independent and autonomous with both inherent authority and granted authority by sovereign states or inter-governmental organizations (IGOs). It is through this authority that NGOs could function independently and autonomously in global governance instead of being the affiliated or appendant actors of parties. To shed some new light on understanding NGOs in the international system from a theoretical perspective, we employ cases from environmental governance domain as evidence for illustration.

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