EKOLOŠKA ULOGA OPOREZIVANjA MOTORNIH VOZILA U REPUBLICI SRBIJI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Predrag Stojanović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
The Republic

The main objective of fiscal instruments in the service of environmental protection should be directed towards guiding the economic entities to rationally use scarce natural resources, as well as to utilise non-polluting substitutes in the direction of a healthier environment and energy efficiency. It is not difficult to note that the current legal framework in the Republic of Serbia respects basic international standards in the field of motor vehicle taxation. In terms of excise taxation, progress is also noticeable since the necessary differentiation of the tax rates for different excises on petroleum products has been implemented, from the point of view of their impact on the environment. However, observed through the prism of modern theoretical concepts of the socalled green taxation, many opportunities still appear to be inadequately and insufficienty used.

Transition to New Reserves Reporting System in Kazakhstan: Challenges and Benefits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil Mukanov ◽  
Asset Zhumadil
Keyword(s):  
Reporting System ◽  
Current System ◽  
State Committee ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Field Development ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Scr System ◽  
New System

Abstract The 74th step of "100 Concrete Step of Nation Plan" initiated by the first president of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RoK) Nursultan Nazarbayev states that Kazakhstani reserves reporting system must be changed to the international standards. One of them actively proposed is the SPE-PRMS. Therefore, the main goal of the paper is to show challenges of the transition, discuss possible problems, their solution and, eventually, advantages for the companies. In the paper the main aspects of the current State Committee of Reserves (SCR) system or well-known as GKZ system inherited from the Soviet system and used in Kazakhstan are reported. Especially, we try to highlight the reserves categories of A, B, C1 and C2 and their impact on further field development in details. Also SPE-PRMS and SEC rules are shown in terms of differences and similarities with the current system. Importantly, authors demonstrate how the SPE-PRMS standards are wide-spread around the globe. Finally, details of planned shift, some recommendations and simplification of reporting process are exhibited. As the result of the study the following points are investigated. Firstly, what will be with reports just recently approved by the SCR. Especially, for the big fields whose preparation takes up to several years. Secondly, what the frequency is for the reporting. Thirdly, whether the reports will be handled through several approval stages or just submitted. Moreover, how close to SPE-PRMS the new system should be adopted taking into account Kazahstani realities and if the reports should be composed in English along with Russian, since the main purpose of the transition is to be clear and transparent for the foreign investors. Otherwise, unfamiliar language and big deviation from the well-known standards may ruin the efforts. Despite the complexity of these issues the benefits of the new system are obvious and there are several reasons. The main advantage is that the SPE-PRMS is all about economically recoverable reserves without any ties with fixed recovery factor. In addition, report is done in short time and less volume. Finally, if the norm of the report's submission without going to tedious approval process is accepted, that will ease work of the subsoil users’ because it accelerates further preparation of field development project. The study is done due to recent changes of the RoK subsoil usage regulations, where the requirement for reserves reporting system's transition to the new international standards is mentioned. However, the issue is not much highlighted in technical publications from the operating companies’ point of view. Thus, having experience with GKZ, SPE-PRMS and SEC systems the authors take this opportunity to show challenges and benefits of the decision.

scholarly journals Is an Atheist Religion in Austria Legally Possible?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-123
Author(s):  
Wilfried Apfalter
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Concrete Case ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Religion And State

Abstract In the face of widespread opinion holding that atheism is somehow necessarily separated from religion and opposed to it, the question “Is an atheist religion in Austria legally possible?” is both intriguing and challenging, leading to the cutting edge of contemporary studies on law, religion, and state. By providing a close, focused view on the legal framework concerning an example case in the Republic of Austria, the present article revisits this widespread opinion. It argues that this opinion can be challenged from a legal point of view in at least one concrete case, namely that of a growing group of atheists who try to establish an officially accepted, state-registered religious denominational community of atheists: Atheistische Religionsgesellschaft in Österreich (Atheist Religious Society in Austria), or arg for short. The article discusses this case and concludes that an atheist religion is legally possible in Austria.

scholarly journals European Union view on Personal Data in Intellectual Property Rights

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-106
Author(s):  
Dorin Cimil ◽  
◽  
Olesea Plotnic ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Data Market ◽  
The Republic

The issue under investigation concerns whether personal data or personal information from the point of view of intellectual property constitutes as such a commodity or economic potential, which may be subject to alienation and registration as an object protected by the intellectual property system or represent a non-commercial object, without circulation in civil relations, with a special legal regime, connected to the fundamental human rights and freedoms. Recognition of personal data and other categories of information, related to the person (geolocation data, user-generated content) in terms of intellectual property rights as objects of civil rights, would allow the development of the data market, necessary for the functioning of innovative technologies on big data, cognitive calculations, the Internet of goods, and bringing these technologies into a legal and civilized field. The objective of the article is to appreciate whether personal data is subject to any intellectual property rights by the assessment of EU jurisprudence in line with national legal framework of the Republic of Moldova.

scholarly journals Constitutional Aspect of the Application of EU Standards on the Use of Electronic Signature in the Republic of Srpska // Ustavnopravni aspekt primjene EU standarda o upotrebi elektronskog potpisa u Republici Srpskoj

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Siniša Macan ◽  
Siniša Karan ◽  
Goran Džajić
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Electronic Signature ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

The Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina defines the right for free economy, which is the basis of economic development through the promotion of private ownership and the development of market economy. Every citizen have freedom of movement within and outside of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as the freedom to choose a place of life, free choice of work and creating a business through positive competition between business entities.Bosnia and Herzegovina has assumed the obligations of integrating international legislation into its legal system. In order to implement the constitutional right for freedom of movement of people and capital, Bosnia and Herzegovina is obliged to apply international standards and regulations in the field of identification documents. At the same time, Bosnia and Herzegovina is integrated in the regional market with neighboring countries, the continental market in Europe and the intercontinental global marketplace. Such integration requires the creation of conditions in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the development of a business environment that is at least the same or better in relation to other markets.A constitutional obligation of all levels of government of Bosnia and Herzegovina is to remove all barriers that slow down or disrupt business, in order to enable that goods and services that are created by economic entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be competitive. In the era of Internet and digital business development, products and services can and must be available in every corner of the planet, and each state must create constitutional legal requirements that guarantee the rapid and free movement of goods and equity under equal conditions. This constitutional obligation guarantees that citizens without discrimination have at least equal conditions for business as well as individuals in other countries and in other markets with which goods and services are exchanged.In Bosnia and Herzegovina, there is a legal and legitimate framework for the use of a digital signature. However, in practice, this way of legally valid business did not become a reality. In the business environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republic of Srpska is not possible to sign contracts electronically, to report taxes and contributions legally certified by digital signatures or digitally archive business documents or to open a business electronically.The question arises as to the objective reasons for this situation, as well as the constitutional and legal framework and practice in order to bring the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska into equal status with citizens in the open capital market.

scholarly journals Recognition and Enforcement of International Arbitral Awards in Albania. Current hallenges to the Albanian Domestic Law

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Artan Spahiu
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Recognition And Enforcement ◽  
The Republic ◽  
New York Convention ◽  
Commercial Disputes

The Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (the New York Convention) is described as the most successful treaty in private international law. For more than half a century this document has contributed to the protection of incomparable values of free trade. In this way it served well also to the interests of human society, providing a valuable contribution to the world economic development. Legal instruments of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in the Republic of Albania do not justify the rightful place of arbitration mechanism in resolving international commercial disputes. The domestic normative framework that governs the enforcement of such awards is not fully sufficient. Albania has ratified the New York Convention more than 40 years after its entry into force, but that's not enough. In fact, the enforcement of arbitral awards which resolve international commercial disputes is facing with the lack of a modern legal framework and an unconsolidated jurisprudence. Since last 15 years, the New York Convention is part of Albanian legal order, but its implementation is not appropriate. Mostly this is due to the lack of approaching process of the Albanian legislation to the international standards in this field. Adoption and implementation of legal instruments in accordance with the international legal framework, for the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, will be a good service to the integration process of the Albanian economy.

scholarly journals The basis of state image formation in international communication, as exemplified by the Republic of Belarus

Politologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 37-67
Author(s):  
Elena Zhminko
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Information Policy ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Global Exchange ◽  
Absolute Control

In the modern world, the formation of a state’s image, which is one of its main resources, largely depends on the state’s participation in international communication processes. Whether the formation of the image will be successful is largely determined by three factors: the clarity and intelligibility of its identification, both for its citizens and the international community; the compliance of the legal framework in the field of information relations with international standards; and the structuring of the information policy according to the principles of two-way communication, including openness and free access to information. The political authorities of the Republic of Belarus, relying on the concept of ideologization, treat the global exchange of information as a threat to the legitimacy of its power and try to cultivate absolute control over the communication and information processes, paradoxically making it impossible to implement the tasks set by themselves in this area.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF VOICE IDENTIFICATION IN THE WITNESS RECOGNITION PROCEDURE

TEME ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1157
Author(s):  
Jadranka R Otašević ◽  
Saša Atanasov
Keyword(s):  
Voice Recognition ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Witness Testimony ◽  
Voice Identification ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Direct Recognition ◽  
The Voice

From a theoretical point of view, this paper considers the evidentiary action of recognizing the voice of the perpetrator by the witness. It is the identification of the voice by a person who is usually an "unprofessional listener". Due to the specificity of the voice as an object of recognition, the involvement of forensics (linguists and phoneticians) in the organization and immediate realization of the voice recognition action seems inevitable. Their activity would be manifested in giving guidance to the authority on how to increase the efficiency of voice identification and the accuracy of witness testimony. The witness gives evidence based on his perceptual (auditory) abilities in a procedure prescribed by the law, in which the credibility of his/her testimony is simultaneously checked and assessed. The Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Serbia establishes the legal framework for taking the voice recognition action, while the content of performing the direct recognition action is determined by the criminal-tactical rules.

scholarly journals Legislation on educational work with prisoners in Russia and Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-98
Author(s):  
Aleksey Siryakov ◽  
El’dar Abishev
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Correctional Institution ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Dining Room

In the desire to reform the penal system, separate countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States have made significant progress, substantially updating their legal framework. These also include the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study of the normative consolidation and organization of educational work with convicts under the Kazakhstan and Russian legislation and a questionnaire of practitioners revealed the advantages and disadvantages of regulatory support and law enforcement practice. This made it possible to outline further ways to improve the legal regulation of educational work with convicts in the direction of convergence with international standards. The penal legislation of the two countries largely coincides, but in Kazakhstan the issues of educational work find their legal consolidation not only at the level of the Penal code, but also in special acts. The advantages of Kazakhstan’s legislation include: a clear definition of the tasks, directions, forms and methods of educational work; improvement of the mechanism of incentives and penalties application; determining the degree of behavior of convicts; involvement of the Probation Service in the provision of social and legal assistance to convicts preparing for the release; the presence of convicts among the subjects of educational work of voluntary organizations. Otherwise, the organization and conduct of educational work with convicts coincide. The basis of the organizational structure of the correctional institution is the unit, the heads of which are overloaded with the tasks not directly related to the implementation of the correctional process. Taking into account the experience of the Republic of Kazakhstan, it is proposed to amend the Penal code of the Russian Federation, in terms of the formulation of the concept of educational work through its tasks; clarification of norms relating to the directions, forms and methods of educational work. In the Provision about the units of prisoners in correctional institution, it is necessary to change the amount of duties for the head of the unit: establishing a ban (limitation) on the involvement of chiefs to implement unusual functions for them; the transfer to the category of rights the obligation to participate in inspections of the presence of persons held in a correctional institution, taking them to work (from work), their presence during searches, mealtime in the dining room, getting of parcels, transfer, sale of food and basic necessities, telephone conversations.

scholarly journals Protection of children of divorced parents who are victims of emotional abuse

Temida ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Dragana Batic ◽  
Iskra Akimovska-Maletic
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Very little is said and written about the problem of emotional abuse of children, as a result of parental divorce and separation, probably because it is a very sophisticated type of emotional abuse, which unfortunately sometimes experts do not recognize. This phenomenon is rarely explored and researched in general and especially in the Republic of Macedonia. It is not disputed that there is a solid legal framework for a government response to this type of child abuse in Republic of Macedonia. Given the impact on children, this problem requires much more attention, education and cooperation between the competent institutions. This paper tries to explore the concept of emotional abuse of children, as a result of divorce and separation of the parents, as a very specific form of domestic violence from a psychological point of view, as well as to analyze the legal norm of this form of domestic violence in the Republic of Macedonia.

scholarly journals Normative framework of media reporting on victims of crime in the Republic of Serbia

Temida ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-410
Author(s):  
Jelena Jemuovic
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Crime Victims ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Media Reporting ◽  
Normative Framework ◽  
The Media ◽  
Victims Of Crime ◽  
The Republic ◽  
International Instruments

The topic of this paper is the normative framework of media reporting on victims of crime in the Republic of Serbia. The aim of the paper is to provide an overview of international and national legal instruments that regulate the way the media should report on this important issue and to assess the level of compliance of the Serbian legal framework with international standards in this field. The freedom of media is inviolable in every democratic society, but there are clear rules that must be respected. Essential are the ethical standards that journalists have to comply with in their work, which are also analyzed in the paper. After considering relevant regulations governing media reporting on victims of crime, it is concluded that the national legal framework on media reporting on crime victims in Serbia is in compliance with relevant international instruments.

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