scholarly journals XÁC ĐỊNH MẬT ĐỘ NUÔI SINH KHỐI THÍCH HỢP VÀ ĐIỀU KIỆN THỨC ĂN TƯƠNG ỨNG CỦA TÔM TIÊN NƯỚC NGỌT, Branchinella thailandensis, LOÀI THỨC ĂN SỐNG TRIỂN VỌNG CHO ƯƠNG NUÔI THỦY SẢN Ở VIỆT NAM

Author(s):  
Trần Thị Uyên Trang ◽  
Lã Mạnh Cường ◽  
Nguyễn Hoàng Minh

Tôm tiên nước ngọt, Branchinella thailandensis, là một loài giáp xác nước ngọt có triển vọng sử dụng làm thức ăn cho con giống ở giai đoạn ấu trùng tại Việt Nam vì chúng có kích thước nhỏ, khả năng phát triển nhanh và hàm lượng carotenoid cao. Trong nghiên cứu này, B. thailandensis được nghiên cứu để xác định lượng thức ăn và mật độ nuôi thích hợp để nuôi sinh khối trong môi trường nước ngọt. Để đạt được mục tiêu này, 01 thí nghiệm 3 nhân tố được thực hiện: (i) mật độ nuôi tôm tiên với 3 mức (250, 500 và 1000 cá thể/L); (ii) mật độ thức ăn (tảo sống Spirulina platensis) với 3 mức(5 × 105 tế bào/mL, 1 × 106 tế bào/mL  và  2 × 106 tế bào/mL); và (iii) mật độ vi khuẩn có lợi Bacillus subtilis với 2 mức (0 và 1 × 103 CFU/ mL). Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, sau 72 giờ, để đạt được tỷ lệ sống cao nhất (68.33% ± 10.4%) và chiều dài tối đa (2.32 ± 0.23 mm), cần áp dụng mật độ thức ăn là 2 × 106 tế bào/mL với mật độ nuôi tối đa cần duy trì là 250 ấu trùng/L và có bổ sung vi khuẩn có lợi (1 × 103 CFU/ mL). Ở điều kiện nuôi này, 01 thí nghiệm 02 nhân tố được thực hiện để khảo sát nồng độ Carotenoid và khả năng lưu trữ vi khuẩn có lợi trong cơ thể của tôm tiên nước ngọt B. thailandensis. Nhân tố mật độ vi khuẩn có lợi B. subtilis với 2 mức (0 và 1 × 103 CFU/mL), nhân tố mật độ tảo với 3 mức: 5 × 105, 1 × 106, và 2 × 106 tế bào/mL. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy B. thailandensis cũng có thể lưu giữ vi khuẩn có lợi trong cơ thể đến ít nhất là 48 giờ sau khi nở và đạt được hàm lượng carotenoid cao hơn hẳn lúc nuôi với nồng độ thức ăn thấp. ABSTRACT Freshwater fairy shrimp, Branchinella thailandensis, is a highly potential live feed for aquaculture species in Viet Nam, especially in their larval stages due to its small size, high growth and high carotenoid content. In this study, we aimed to identify the suitable feeding density and stocking density, which is inappropriate for mass production in freshwater. To attain these objectives, we conducted 01 three-factor experiment: (i) culture density with three levels (250, 500 and 1000 nauplii L-1); (ii) feed (live Spirulina platens) concentration with three levels (5 × 105 cells mL-1, 1 × 106 cells mL-1 and 2 × 106 cells mL-1); and (iii) beneficial bacteria Bacillus subtilis with two levels (0 and 1 × 103 CFU mL-1). The results indicated that after 72hrs, to the highest survival rate (68.33% ± 10.4%) and total length (2.32±0.23 mm) were obtained when shrimps were fed live S. platensis at 2 × 106 cells mL-1 with probiotics at 1 × 103 CFU/ mL, and density at 250 nauplii L-1. Under those culturing conditions, we conducted 01 two-factor experiment: feed (live Spirulina platens) concentration with three levels (5 × 105 cells mL-1, 1 × 106 cells mL-1 and 2 × 106 cells mL-1); and beneficial bacteria Bacillus subtilis with two levels (0 and 1 × 103 CFU mL-1). The results indicated that  B. thailandensis could retain B. subtilis internally up to at least 48 hours and obtain significantly higher carotenoid content than at lower feed concentration.

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Ngoc Huu Nguyen ◽  
Patricia Trotel-Aziz ◽  
Sandra Villaume ◽  
Fanja Rabenoelina ◽  
Adrian Schwarzenberg ◽  
...  

Plants harbor various beneficial bacteria that modulate their innate immunity, resulting in induced systemic resistance (ISR) against various pathogens. However, the immune mechanisms underlying ISR triggered by Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. against pathogens with different lifestyles are not yet clearly elucidated. Here, we show that root drenching of Arabidopsis plants with Pseudomonas fluorescensPTA-CT2 and Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 can induce ISR against the necrotrophic fungus B. cinerea and the hemibiotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae Pst DC3000. In the absence of pathogen infection, both beneficial bacteria do not induce any consistent change in systemic immune responses. However, ISR relies on priming faster and robust expression of marker genes for the salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways upon pathogen challenge. These responses are also associated with increased levels of SA, JA, and abscisic acid (ABA) in the leaves of bacterized plants after infection. The functional study also points at priming of the JA/ET and NPR1-dependent defenses as prioritized immune pathways in ISR induced by both beneficial bacteria against B. cinerea. However, B. subtilis-triggered ISR against Pst DC3000 is dependent on SA, JA/ET, and NPR1 pathways, whereas P. fluorescens-induced ISR requires JA/ET and NPR1 signaling pathways. The use of ABA-insensitive mutants also pointed out the crucial role of ABA signaling, but not ABA concentration, along with JA/ET signaling in primed systemic immunity by beneficial bacteria against Pst DC3000, but not against B. cinerea. These results clearly indicate that ISR is linked to priming plants for enhanced common and distinct immune pathways depending on the beneficial strain and the pathogen lifestyle.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-86
Author(s):  
Trần Thùy Trang ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Ánh Nguyệt ◽  
Lê Thị Mai Châm ◽  
Nguyễn Tấn Đức ◽  
Phạm Nguyễn Đức Hoàng ◽  
...  

Thán thư trên ớt do nấm Colletotrichum spp. là một trong những bệnh gây thiệt hại nặng đến năng suất và chất lượng ớt trên phạm vi toàn cầu. Ở Việt Nam, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh cũng là địa điểm trồng nhiều ớt và chịu nhiều thiệt hại do bệnh này gây ra. Biện pháp sử dụng vi sinh vật đối kháng để phòng trừ bệnh hại đang là xu hướng hiện nay do tính an toàn và hiệu quả của nó. Trong số nhiều vi sinh vật đối kháng, các chủng vi khuẩn thuộc nhóm Bacillus subtilis đã được nghiên cứu rất nhiều về khả năng đối kháng với nấm gây bệnh. Vì vậy, nghiên cứu này tiến hành phân lập, tuyển chọn chủng vi khuẩn thuộc nhóm Bacillus subtilis có khả năng đối kháng tốt với nấm Colletotrichum scovillei gây bệnh thán thư trên ớt ở Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Sau khi thu thập được 5 mẫu đất, nghiên cứu này đã phân lập được 22 chủng nghi ngờ thuộc nhóm Bacillus subtilis. Trong đó, chủng vi khuẩn BHCM8.3 có khả năng đối kháng mạnh nhất với nấm Colletotrichum scovillei trên đĩa Petri (hiệu quả đối kháng là 81,58% sau 15 ngày khảo sát). Kết quả định danh sinh học phân tử dựa trên vùng 16 ribosomal DNA (rDNA) cho thấy trình tự chủng BHCM8.3 có độ tương đồng gần với vi khuẩn B. subtilis (100%).


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanti Jagannathan ◽  
Dorothy Geronimo

This synthesis report explores the implications of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) on the future of the job market in Southeast Asia. It is part of the series of reports that assesses how jobs, tasks, and skills are being transformed in industries with high relevance to 4IR technologies in Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Viet Nam. The series provides recommendations to strengthen policies, skills, and training as well as new approaches, strategies, and actions to enhance the readiness of each country’s workforce for 4IR.


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Hadra Fi Ahlina ◽  
Yoyon Riono ◽  
Syaiful Ramadhan Harahap

AbstrakIkan betutu Oxyeleotris marmorata merupakan ikan lokal potensial menjadi komoditas budidaya. Performa pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup dapat ditingkatkan dengan mengembangkan wadah budidaya. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui jenis wadah budidaya yang optimal dalam mendukung pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup. Perlakuan yang di uji adalah kolam tanah, kolam hapa dan kolam terpal berukuran 3 m x 2 m x 1 m. Ukuran benih yang digunakan 15±1,39 cm dengan bobot 250,04±1,70 g dengan padat tebar 25 ekor/kolam. Selama 120 hari masa pemeliharaan, pakan yang diberikan adalah ikan rucah sebanyak 30% dari bobot tubuh dengan frekwensi 2x sehari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan jenis wadah berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertambahan bobot dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kelangsungan hidup. Pertambahan bobot terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan jenis wadah kolam tanah sebesar 53,86±1,10 g dengan laju pertumbuhan spesifik 0,45±0,010 %bobot tubuh/hari dan kelangsungan hidup 85,33±6,11%. Kualitas air pada seluruh wadah pemeliharaan masih mendukung pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan informasi dasar dalam pemilihan wadah budidaya yang efektif dan efisien dalam pengembangan budidaya ikan betutu secara optimal.Kata kunci: ikan betutu; pertumbuhan; kelangsungan hidup; wadahAbstractSand goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata. Blkr) is a potential fish species for aquaculture in Indonesia. However, the growth and survival rate performance can be improved by developing cultivation containers. The research objective was to determine the optimal type of cultivation container to produce high growth and survival rate. The ponds treatments used in this experiment were soil pond, hapa pond and tarpaulin pond with measuring 3 m x 2 m x 1 m. The initial fish length average was 15±1.39 cm, with the initial body weight average of 250.04±1.70 g with the stocking density of 25 individual/pond. During 120 days of the rearing period, the fish were fed with trash fish with a proportion of 30% of body weight with the frequency of feeding 2x a day. The results showed differences in the type of container significantly affected weight gain and specific growth rates but did not significantly affect survival rate. The best weight gain was found in the treatment of soil pond containers at 53.86 ± 1.10 g with a specific growth rate of 0.45 ± 0.010% body weight/day and survival rate of 85.33 ± 6.11%. Water quality in all containers still supports growth and survival rate. The results of this study can be used as necessary information in the selection of effective and efficient aquaculture containers to produce optimal sand goby culture.Keywords: sand goby; growth; survival rate; container


2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fakhri ◽  
Nasrullah Bai Arifin ◽  
Anik Martina Hariati ◽  
Ating Yuniarti

<p class="Pa3"><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p> </p><p class="Pa5"><em>Nannochloropsis </em>sp. has been identified as sources of live feed and pigment in aquaculture. To increase the production, the optimal environmental conditions for microalgae are required. Light intensity is one of the important factors that significantly affects the biomass and pigment of microalgae. The study aimed to determine the effect of light intensity (1,500; 3,000; and 4,500 lux) on growth, biomass production, chlorophyll-a, and carotenoid content of <em>Nannochloropsis </em>sp. strain BJ17. The results showed that different light intensities significantly affected the growth, biomass, chlorophyll-a and carotenoid contents of <em>Nannochloropsis </em>sp. strain BJ17. Increasing light intensity resulted in the increase of the growth rate, biomass, chlorophyll-a, and carotenoid contents of <em>Nannochloropsis </em>sp. strain BJ17. The cell achieved the highest specific growth rate of 1.729 %/day and the cell concentration of 43.333×106 cell/mL at a light intensity of 4,500 lux. The highest chlorophyll-a and carotenoid concentrations of algae were obtained at 4,500 lux (8.304 μg/mL and 3.892 μg/mL, respectively). This study suggested that increasing light intensity led to the increase in the growth, biomass, chlorophyll-a, and carotenoid content of <em>Nannochloropsis </em>sp. strain BJ17.</p><p> </p><p class="Pa5">Keywords: carotenoid, chlorophyll, biomass, growth rate, light intensity</p><p> </p><p> </p><p class="Pa3"><strong>ABSTRAK </strong></p><p> </p><p class="Pa5"><em>Nannochloropsis </em>sp. diketahui sebagai sumber pakan alami dan pigmen pada budidaya perikanan. Budidaya pada kondisi lingkungan yang optimal diperlukan untuk meningkatkan produksi mikroalga. Intensitas cahaya merupakan salah satu faktor esensial yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi biomassa dan pigmen mikroalga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan pengaruh intensitas cahaya yang berbeda (1.500, 3.000, and 4.500 lux) terhadap pertumbuhan, produksi biomassa, klorofil-a, dan karotenoid <em>Nannochloropsis </em>sp. strain BJ17. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa intensitas cahaya yang berbeda berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan, biomassa dan klorofil-a dan karotenoid <em>Nannochloropsis </em>sp. strain BJ17. Semakin tinggi intensitas cahaya maka laju pertumbuhan, biomassa, kandungan klorofil-a dan total karotenoid <em>Nannochloropsis </em>sp. strain BJ17 semakin tinggi. Laju pertumbuhan spesifik tertinggi 1,729%/hari dan konsentrasi sel maksimum tertinggi 43,333×106 sel/mL dihasilkan pada intensitas cahaya 4.500 lux. Konsentrasi klorofil-a (8,304 μg/mL) dan karotenoid (3,892 μg/mL) tertinggi juga diperoleh pada intensitas cahaya 4.500 lux. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan intensitas cahaya berperan dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan, produksi biomassa, klorofil-a, dan karotenoid <em>Nannochloropsis </em>sp. strain BJ17.</p><p> </p><p>Kata kunci: karotenoid, klorofil, biomassa, pertumbuhan, intensitas cahaya</p>


Author(s):  
Võ Đức Nghĩa ◽  
Nguyễn Đức Thành ◽  
Lê Thị Thu An ◽  
Phan Thanh Hiệp ◽  
Nguyễn Văn Huy

Nhằm xác định ảnh hưởng của mật độ và tần suất cho ăn đến sinh trưởng và tỉ lệ sống cá Leo Wallago attu giai đoạn ương giống, thí nghiệm được tiến hành với 5 mức mật độ (1, 2, 4, 8 và 16 con/L) và các tần suất cho ăn (1, 2, 3, 4 và 5 lần/ngày). Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy mật độ ương và tần suất cho ăn đã ảnh hưởng có ý nghĩa thống kê đến tỉ lệ sống của cá thí nghiệm. Tỉ lệ sống của cá giảm ở mật độ ương nuôi cao (p<0,05). Tỉ lệ ăn thịt đồng loại giảm ở các nghiệm thức mật độ nuôi thấp. Tần suất cho cá ăn có tương quan thuận với tỉ lệ sống, tỉ lệ sống của cá tăng trên 50% khi tăng số lần cho ăn lên 3 – 5 ngày/lần. Tỉ lệ ăn thịt đồng loại của cá có mối tương quan nghịch với tần suất cho ăn. Nồng độ cortisol trong máu cá được xem như chỉ thị đối với mức độ stress của cá.  Kết quả của nghiên cứu này cho thấy rằng nồng độ cortisol của cá Leo ở mật độ nuôi cao và tần suất cho ăn 1 và 2 lần/ngày cao hơn so với những nghiệm thức còn lại. Do vậy, mức độ stress của cá Leo có thể được xem như một trong những yếu tố chính dẫn đến hiện tượng ăn thịt lẫn nhau và làm giảm tỉ lệ sống đối với loài cá này ở giai đoạn giống. Những kết quả của nghiên cứu này có thể cung cấp thông tin hữu ích nhằm nâng cao hiệu quả của việc ương nuôi cá Leo giống thông qua quản lý mật độ nuôi và tần suất cho ăn. ABSTRACT In order to elucidate the effects of stocking density and feeding frequency on the growth and survival of Wallago attu, post-hatch larvae were stocked at different densities (1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 individuals per liter) and fed with (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5-times per day). The results indicate that stocking density and feeding frequency had significant influences on the survival rate of the larvae (p<0.05). In particular, the survival rate of larvae decreased at trials with high stocking density (p<0.05) due to the cannibalism. The percentage of cannibalism decreased in treatments with low stocking densities. Regarding effects of feeding frequency, the proportionality between the survival rate of larvae and high feeding frequency was observed in this study (p<0.05). The survival rate of larvae reached 50% when fish were fed 3 -5 times per day. The cannibalism had negative relationship with frequency of daily feeding. The cortisol concentration in fish blood is considered as an indicator of stress levels of fish. The results of this study indicated that cortisol concentration of W. attu reared at high stocking density and fed 1-2 times/day was higher than that in other treatments. Therefore, stress levels of W. attu could be one of the main factors causing cannibalism and reduction of survival rate at larval stages. This study provided useful information to enhance the effectiveness of larval rearing of W. attu via controlling stocking density and feeding frequency.  


2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 1291-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bélanger ◽  
F. Turcotte ◽  
R. Tremblay ◽  
Y. Lambert ◽  
M.K. Litvak ◽  
...  

Metamorphosis is a critical developmental stage that presents particular challenges in fish aquaculture. The sharp increase in mortality that accompanies this transformation has often been attributed to nutritional deficiencies. Providing live feed (the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Müller, 1786 and the brine shrimp Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758)) during the larval stages is costly and labour intensive, which explains why much effort has been put on early weaning. However, previous observations in winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum, 1792)) indicate that juveniles weaned after settlement had better survival than those weaned at the larval stage. In this study, we tested whether late weaning (at settlement (W0) and groups maintained on co-feeding for 1 month (W1), two months (W2), or 3 months (W3) after settlement) could improve juvenile survival and lipid composition. Our results demonstrated that maintaining co-feeding beyond the larval stage was essential for after-settlement survival. Juveniles co-fed until 90 days after settlement were 32.5% heavier. Analyses of fatty acid trophic markers suggested that juveniles preferentially fed on enriched rotifers rather than inert food. No pigmentation or fin erosion problems were observed in any of the weaning treatments, which indicates good rearing conditions.


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Tri Heru Prihadi ◽  
Adang Saputra ◽  
Gleni Hasan Huwoyon ◽  
Brata Pantjara

Ikan betutu Oxyeleotris marmorata merupakan ikan lokal potensial menjadi komoditas budidaya. Performa pertumbuhan dan sintasan dapat ditingkatkan dengan mengoptimalkan padat tebar. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan padat tebar yang menghasilkan sintasan dan pertumbuhan tinggi, serta respons fisiologis terbaik. Kolam yang digunakan berukuran 2 m x 1 m x 1 m dan diisi air 1 m3. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah kepadatan 50 ekor/m3, 100 ekor/m3, dan 150 ekor/m3. Ukuran benih yang digunakan 4,24 ± 0,58 cm dengan bobot 2,74 ± 0,45 g. Selama 60 hari masa pemeliharaan, pakan yang diberikan adalah cacing sutra Tubifex sp. secara sekenyangnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sintasan benih ikan betutu yang dipelihara pada berbagai padat tebar tidak berbeda secara nyata, pertumbuhan spesifik panjang (1,50 ± 0,37%/hari) dan bobot total benih ikan betutu (1,95 ± 0,32%/hari) tertinggi, dan perubah respons fisiologis berupa gambaran darah paling stabil dicapai pada padat tebar 50 ekor/m3, serta biomassa tertinggi dicapai pada kepadatan 150/m3. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan informasi dasar untuk melakukan pendederan ikan betutu secara terkontrol.Sand goby, Oxyeleotris marmorata is a potential fish species for aquaculture in Indonesia. However, the growth performance and survival rate of the fish seed are still low. Such challenges could be solved through the optimization of stocking density of the fish. The research objective was to determine the optimal stocking density to produce high growth and survival rate, as well as the best physiological response. The ponds used in this experiment were 2 m x 1 m x 1 m in size (water volume: 1 m3). The stocking density treatments were 50, 100, and 150 individual/m3. The initial fish length average was 4.24 ± 0.58 cm, with the initial body weight average of 2.74 ± 0.45 g. During 60 days of rearing period, the fish were fed with Tubifex sp. ad libitum. The results showed that the survival rates on different stocking densities were not significantly different. The highest specific growth on length (1.50 ± 0.37%/day) and body weight total (1.95 ± 0.32%/day) and the most stable physiological response related to its hematological parameters were achieved by seed stocked at 50 individuals/m3. The best biomass total was achieved by seed stocked at 150 individuals/m3. The result of this study could be applied as basic information to culture sand goby in a controlled environment.


Author(s):  
Duong Thi Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen Chi Hieu ◽  
Nguyen Viet Hung ◽  
Hoang Thi Bich Thao ◽  
Chetan Keswani ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Fusarium root rot disease in Indian mulberry (Morinda officinalis How.) (FRRBK), caused by Fusarium proliferatum (FP), is widespread and responsible for serious economic losses in Viet Nam. The efficacy of a new bio-product named MICROTECH-1(NL) is compared with other commercial products for suppression of FP under in vitro, pot, nursery as well as in the field conditions. Results In in vitro antagonistic assay, MICROTECH-1(NL) significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of FP (72.38%). Under pot conditions, the efficacy of all the bio-products was significantly higher when applied prior to pathogen inoculation. The disease severity of treatments with double application of MICROTECH-1(NL) (applied both in the nursery and in the pot soil) was only 15.56%, significantly lower than control (80%). Thus, the application of MICROTECH-1(NL) significantly reduced the incidence of FP and markedly increased the number of plant beneficial bacteria and actinobacteria in rhizoplane of M. officinalis compared to untreated control. In the field conditions, double application of MICROTECH-1(NL) (both in the nursery and in the field soils) significantly decreased disease severity in comparison to single application in nursery or field. Conclusion The most effective treatment was double application of MICROTECH-1(NL), which significantly reduced the disease severity and FP population in roots of M. officinalis and increased the population of plant beneficial microbes.


2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (12) ◽  
pp. 3607-3611 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Katis ◽  
R. G. Wake ◽  
E. J. Harry

ABSTRACT Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we have examined the dependency of localization among three Bacillus subtilisdivision proteins, FtsZ, DivIB, and DivIC, to the division site. DivIC is required for DivIB localization. However, DivIC localization is dependent on DivIB only at high growth temperatures, at which DivIB is essential for division. FtsZ localization is required for septal recruitment of DivIB and DivIC, but FtsZ can be recruited independently of DivIB. These localization studies suggest a more specific role for DivIB in division, involving interaction with DivIC.


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