A Study of Substance Use In Children And Adolescents In Community Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Dr. Neeraj J. Karandikar ◽  
Dr. Prasad K. Tagad
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Number Of Children

Background: Substance abuse problems can be described as developing through a set of progressive stages.  The adolescent period, it self is more vulnerable for beginning of various substance abuse. Adolescents usually begin to use legal drugs like tobacco, alcohol and then cannabis and other illicit drugs.  Objective: To determine the socio-demographic profile of substance using children and adolescents in a community setting.  Methods: 150 families were selected using systematic sampling with random start from a well-defined community. The study was carried out in two phases. In phase I 74 families were identified who had children in this age group 10-19 yrs. There were total of 141 children in this age group. They were further screened for substance use through interview of parents and children. In Phase II, Children who had been found to have used some psychoactive substance were taken in the case study group. Similar number of children who were not using any psychoactive substance was selected for control group from the same 150 families. Both the study group children and control group children were evaluated in detail for Sociodemographic information & nature and extent of substance use by using ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria For Research. Results: The mean age of the both groups was comparable and males predominated (60.5%) in both group. In both groups, educational level was similar but there was higher number of children who were currently attending school in the control group. Majority of school drop-outs were seen from the study group. (57.9% as compared to 28.9% in the control group). This was statistically significant. ). The prevalence of substance use was found to be around 27%. In our study the most commonly used substance was tobacco & Mishri was the most common form used.  Chewing tobacco, cigarette and gutkha were various other tobacco containing products used. Further, Mishri was more commonly used by females, while cigarette and gutkha were more commonly used by males.  Of the 23 tobacco dependent children 20 were above the age of 16 years. This finding was statistically significant. (P < 0.05). Only the males were found to use alcoholic beverages and all these boys were above the age of 16 years, Beer was the most common form used. Conclusion: Study findings can be used to generate awareness in the community regarding antecedents of substance abuse and the problems arising from it.  Community based-longitudinal studies are needed to understand multiple factors influencing alcohol use and recommend targeted preventive measures.

scholarly journals Psychoactive substance use in a sample of community outreach participants; prevalence, correlates and ease of incorporating care

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2845
Author(s):  
Kingsley M. Okonoda ◽  
Gabriel N. Mwoltu ◽  
Olubukola O. Arigbede ◽  
Kenneth Yakubu
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Brief Intervention ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: The misuse of licit and illicit substances has continued to constitute a profound effect and harm across various societies. This study examined the nature of substance use, abuse and dependence in a community setting in Jos, Plateau State and the ease of carrying out screening, brief intervention and referral for substance use problems.Methods: Data for this study was gathered through a community-based medical outreach with a total of 1170 residence (M=36.97, SD=15.33), within the research area in participation. A cross-sectional research design was used to examine the prevalence and correlates of psychoactive substance consumption (excluding alcohol).Results: Analysis revealed that tobacco 51%, marijuana 22%, opioids 15%, sedatives 6%, and amphetamine 2%, were the current most significant substances used within the population. The ASSIST and MINI diagnostic criteria noted a significant rate of substance abuse and dependence (p<0.05) for tobacco, marijuana, amphetamine, inhalants, sedatives, hallucinogens, and opioid. Brief intervention based on the FRAMES techniques as employed in this study, was used in a total of 211 participants among whom 36 further received counseling for substance abuse and 60 were referred for specialized drug treatment therapy due to substance dependence. Gender, living environment, employment status and occupation were significant predictors of substance use across the participants. Specifically, male, participants who have stable accommodation, those with regular employment and students were found to be the group with the most significant rates of substance and substance use disorders.Conclusions: This study concludes among others, that the ASSIST, MINI and Brief Intervention were indeed effective for substance-related diagnosis in community-based medical programs and can be effectively incorporated into routine services with adequate planning, training and execution.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE ABUSE PREVENTION PROGRAM “MY WAY”: TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE 9TH-12TH GRADES PUPILS’ PERCEPTIONS ABOUT PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE USE

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (0) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Sandra Valantiejienė ◽  
Regina Saveljeva
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
General Education ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abuse Prevention ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Quasi Experiment

Purpose – The purpose of the article is to describe the transformations in the perceptions of the consequences of the use of psychoactive substances between 9-12’th grades pupils in the context of the implementation of the psychoactive substances abuse prevention program “My Way”. Research methodology – the authors performed a quasi-experiment and according to the methodological requirements related to the use of such scientific method in the educology studies, used an unequal control group and the primary/initial (pre-test) as well as final (post-test) measurements to achieve the aim of the research/article. Findings – the data of the quasi-experiment research showed that as the whole after intervention the pupil’s perceptions about the use of psychoactive substances in the experimental group has changed; the pupils who were assigned to the control group assessed the effects of the use of psychoactive substances better than those who were assigned to the control group. Research limitations – during the implementation of the program and the experiment, the activities related to the quasi-experiment were held only by social pedagogues in certain selected schools and classes (considering various factors such as the behaviour of children or their attributability to the families at social risk). Accordingly, in the next similar studies, children can be sampled evenly, without differentiating them based on their behavioural problems. Practical implications – the results of the research could be used in practice in the following ways: (i) by motivating the schools of general education in the Republic of Lithuania to choose prevention programs as the purposeful and meaningful instrument to develop healthy life skills; (ii) to develop and expand the range of new prevention programs based on the experience of the program “My Way” which is presented and evaluated in this article. Originality/Value – there are no similar previous educological and other educational science studies (in Lithuania) how the pupils’ attitudes change during the pre-planned and systematically implemented preventive activities in general education schools; the article presents and outlines the experience and practice of the first such Lithuanian program for the prevention of psychoactive substance abuse (“My Way”).

scholarly journals Effect of oral contraceptives on tear film in reproductive age group women

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 860
Author(s):  
Amita Sharma ◽  
Surabhi Porwal ◽  
Manoj Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tear Secretion ◽  
Schirmer’S Test ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: According to WHO 2009, 60-70% women use one of the method of contraception. 8.8% to 15.4% women use oral contraceptives. Objective of present study was to investigate the effect of oral contraceptives on androgen profile and tear film parameters in females within child bearing age.Methods: Present study involve 100 healthy women between 20-45 years, who presented in family planning clinic. Two groups were made according to the use of oral contraceptive pills. Study group consist of 50 women who were on OCPs (Oral contraception pills) and 50 as control group were not taking any hormonal contraceptives. Serum testosterone and DHEA levels of all subjects was done by Enzyme Immuno Assay on blood samples which were collected during 3th to 7th day of menstrual cycle. Quantitative test for tear secretion was done by Schirmer’s test. Stability of tear film was measured by Tear Breakup time (TBUT). Statistical analysis was done to determine the correlation between use of OCPs and androgen profile and tear film parameters.Results: Present results shows decreased androgen levels in women taking oral contraceptives as compared with age matched women who were not taking oral contraceptives. Tear secretion was significantly reduced in study group as indicated by decreased Schirmer’s test values in study group as compared to control group, the tear film stability was also significantly decreased in women taking oral contraceptives.Conclusions: Present study suggest that androgen profile decrease in women taking oral contraceptives. These results support that use of oral contraceptives may be an important etiological factor in pathogenesis of dry eye disease reproductive age group women.

scholarly journals Psychosocial and Demographic Variables as Correlates of Patterns of Substance Abuse among in-Patients in Two Selected Neuro-Psychiatric Hospitals in South-West, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Quamariyat Adekemi Akinlawon ◽  
Christiana Obiageli Emeghara ◽  
Christian C. C. Asonye ◽  
Olawale Rasheed Oladapo ◽  
Okechukwu Emeghara
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Aims: The study main objective is to access psychosocial and demographic variables as correlates of patterns of psychoactive substance abuse among patients admitted to drug treatment centers in two federal mental health institutions in Nigeria. Study Design: Descriptive correlational research design. Place and Duration of Study: Neuropsychiatric Hospital (Aro & Lantoro Annex) Abeokuta and Federal Neuro Psychiatric Hospital, Yaba, Lagos in February 2018. Methodology: The sample size for this study comprises 224 patients admitted for treatment due to psychoactive substance abuse at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital (Aro & Lantoro Annex) Abeokuta and Federal Neuro Psychiatric Hospital, Yaba, Lagos. A self-developed, pre-tested semi structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data on psychosocial and demographic variables that may explain the patterns of substance abuse among. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance. Results: The study found that social, psychological and demographic factors have significant influence on psychoactive substance use (F (6, 213) =23.214, P=0.07), Adj R2 = .158 (F (3, 216) =33.193, P=0.000), Adj R2 = .104, (F (6, 213) =10.101, P=0.031), Adj R2 = .062 respectively. Social factors of accessibility, family usage, affordability and peer usage exerted positive impact on psychoactive substance use β = .81, P = 000, β =.127, P = .037, β = .118, P = 0.011 and β = .139, P = .009 respectively. The psychological factors of perception, impulsivity and self- gratification exerted positive and significant influence on psychoactive substance use β = .148, P = 047, β =.197, P = .000 and β = .107, P = 0.03 respectively. Demographic factors age (x2 = 21.347, P = .000); gender (x2 = 5.432, P = .013); marital status (x2 = 2.707, P = .034) and religion is (x2 = 4.119, P = .009) exerted significant effect on pattern of substance abuse. Conclusion: The study concluded that social, psychological and demographic variables are the main correlates of psychoactive substance abuse among patients admitted and treated in sampled Neuropsychiatric Hospitals.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SELECTED YOGA TECHNIQUES ALONG WITH ASHWAGANDHA AND VACHA IN DEPRESSION IN THE AGE GROUP 65–75 YEARS

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
SOUMYA MELEPPURAKKAL ◽  
SUNITHA K ◽  
JAYAN D
Keyword(s):  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Study Population

Objective: The study was done to compare the effect of selected yoga techniques, drugs, and combined therapy in depression in geriatrics. Methods: 75 patients between 65 and 75 years of age with depression were included in the study which was assessed by HAM D Score. The study population was randomly allocated to one control group and two study groups. The control group was given Aswangandha and Vacha churna with warm water as anupana after food, selected yoga techniques in the first study group, and combined yoga and the drug were given to the second study group. Outcome variables were assessed for the groups after the 30th day and follow-up after 45 days. Results: The results obtained in the study were analyzed using the ANOVA test. Yoga along with drug experienced a comparatively greater reduction in HAM-D score after treatment and follow-up (p<0.05) than other groups. Conclusion: Holistic approach can bring a better and static result than applying the treatment modalities alone.

scholarly journals DRD4, DRD2, DAT1, and ANKK1 Genes Polymorphisms in Patients with Dual Diagnosis of Polysubstance Addictions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3593
Author(s):  
Jolanta Masiak ◽  
Jolanta Chmielowiec ◽  
Krzysztof Chmielowiec ◽  
Anna Grzywacz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Polysubstance Use ◽  
Other Substances

Background: Approximately 25–50% of people diagnosed with substance use disorder experience psychiatric disorders, and this percentage is even higher if subclinical psychopathological symptomatology is taken into consideration. ”Dual diagnosis” implies the comorbidity of two disorders (mental disorder and addiction), but in a clinical setting, numerous dual diagnoses involve multiple addictions (polysubstance use means the concurrent use of more than one psychoactive substance). Clinical observations and epidemiological studies showed that the use of stimulants in combination with other substances results in additional risks. Apart from the clinical significance of the specificity of stimulants used in combination with other substances, only non-exhaustive research on the specificity of this comorbidity has been performed to date. The aim of the study was to analyze polymorphisms of the genes (DRD4 VNTR in exon III Ex3, DRD2 rs1076560, rs1800498, rs1079597, rs6276, as well as in the PROM promoter region (rs1799732, ANKK1 Tag1A rs1800497, DAT) in a group of patients diagnosed with polysubstance use disorder, including addiction to stimulants, and the co-occurrence of specific mental disorders in a group of patients diagnosed with polysubstance use disorder, including addiction to stimulants, compared to the group of patients diagnosed with polysubstance use disorder. Methods: The study group consisted of 601 male volunteers with psychoactive substance dependence (n = 300) and non-dependent controls (n = 301). The genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood using standard procedures. Genotyping was conducted with the real-time PCR method. All computations were performed using STATISTICA 13. Results: Psychotic disorders were significantly more common in the group of males with polysubstance addiction, including addiction to stimulants, compared to the group of males with polysubstance addiction without addiction to stimulants. In our own research, different statistical significances were found in the frequency of the DRD4 Ex3 gene polymorphism: s/s was more common in the study group. Psychotic disorders were more common in people addicted to stimulants compared to people addicted to other substances. Conclusions: In our study, psychotic disorders occurred more frequently in the study group of patients with polysubstance addiction, including addiction to stimulants, compared to the control group of patients with polysubstance addiction, but with no addiction to stimulants. Different statistical significances were found in the frequency of the DRD4 Ex3 gene polymorphism: s/s was more common in the study group, while the l/l genotype was less frequent in the study group. In DRD2 PROM rs 1799732, the del allele occurred more often than the ins allele in the study group. In the DRD4 Ex3 gene polymorphism, the s allele was more common in the study group, and the l allele was less frequent. In the DRD4 Ex3 gene polymorphism for the s/s genotype, psychotic disorders and generalized anxiety were more common, while for the s/l and l/l genotype, they were less frequent. The DRD4 Ex3 polymorphism s alleles were more common for depressive episode, dysthymia, and psychotic disorders as well as generalized anxiety disorder. We see a clear genetic aspect here. However, we want to be careful and draw no definite conclusions.

Relationship Between Gingivitis and Anterior Teeth Irregularities Among 18 to 26 Years Age Group: A Hospital Based Study in Belgaum, Karnataka

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Anil Ankola ◽  
V. Chandrasekhara Reddy ◽  
B R Ashok Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anterior Segments ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Aim To study the relationship between gingivitis and irregular teeth in the anterior segments of dental arches. Materials & Methods The sample size of 120 subjects who satisfied the inclusion criteria was randomly selected for the study. These subjects were selected between the age group of 18 to 26 years and divided into two groups. The study group (cases) consists of 60 subjects with irregular teeth in the anterior segments of dental arch. The control group (controls) consists of 60 subjects with well-aligned teeth in the anterior segments of dental arches. Results The mean gingival index of cases & controls were 0.9513 and 0.5959 with standard deviations of 0.7014 and 0.4909 respectively. The t-value was 3.1093 with p<0.001 which was highly significant. Conclusion The mean gingival index of study group was higher than the gingival score of the control group (P<0.001).

Alcohol, other psychoactive substance use disorders, and suicide

2021 ◽  
pp. 275-284
Author(s):  
Tine Maes ◽  
Geert Dom
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Behavioural Addictions

Up to 90% of the individuals who complete suicide meet criteria for a psychiatric disorder. Specifically, substance use disorders (SUD) are highly prevalent and frequently associated with an increased risk of suicidal behaviours. Growing evidence shows that this also counts for behavioural addictions, such as gambling. Comorbidity of psychiatric disorders such as major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and personality disorder, with SUD, increase the risk. Pathways underlying the relationship between substance abuse and suicidality are multifactorial; the short-term effect of intoxication, impulsivity as trait and state, neurobiological consequences of chronic substance abuse, and accumulating adverse life events all contribute. Assessment and management of suicidality within SUD patients are mandatory for suicide prevention. Further, the evidence is growing that treatment of SUD in itself can reduce suicidality risk. Finally, and from a prevention perspective, decreasing substance use on a general population level is associated with decreases of population-level suicidality.

scholarly journals Auditory processing in children and adolescents in situations of risk and vulnerability

2012 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Ferraz Borges Murphy ◽  
Fernanda Pontes ◽  
Luciene Stivanin ◽  
Erica Picoli ◽  
Eliane Schochat
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Cross Sectional

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Children and adolescents who live in situations of social vulnerability present a series of health problems. Nonetheless, affirmations that sensory and cognitive abnormalities are present are a matter of controversy. The aim of this study was to investigate aspects to auditory processing, through applying the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and behavioral auditory processing tests to children living on the streets, and comparison with a control group. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in the Laboratory of Auditory Processing, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo. METHODS: The auditory processing tests were applied to a group of 27 individuals, subdivided into 11 children (7 to 10 years old) and 16 adolescents (11 to 16 years old), of both sexes, in situations of social vulnerability, compared with an age-matched control group of 10 children and 11 adolescents without complaints. The BAEP test was also applied to investigate the integrity of the auditory pathway. RESULTS: For both children and adolescents, there were significant differences between the study and control groups in most of the tests applied, with significantly worse performance in the study group, except in the pediatric speech intelligibility test. Only one child had an abnormal result in the BAEP test. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the study group (children and adolescents) presented poor performance in the behavioral auditory processing tests, despite their unaltered auditory brainstem pathways, as shown by their normal results in the BAEP test.

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