scholarly journals The Role of Vasily Paneiko’s Personality in the Development of International Relations of the West Ukrainian People’s Republic (1918-1923)

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
I. Datskiv
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
The State ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
The West ◽  
Foreign Missions

This article covers the main directions and results of the diplomatic activity of the first foreign minister of the West Ukrainian People’s Republic Vasyl Paneyko. The role of V. Paneyko in the partypolitical life, and the implementation of the idea of the unity of the Ukrainian lands was clarified. His nation-wide and diplomatic activities during the national liberation struggles of the Ukrainian people were thoroughly analyzed. It is noted that V. Paneyko among the Galician politicians was distinguished by theoretical and political preparation, far-sightedness and convincing position. It is noted that during the first month of his work in the foreign affairs department, he resolved two important issues: the organization of the State Secretariat of Foreign Affairs and foreign missions, and realized the idea of uniting the West Ukrainian People’s Republic with the Ukrainian People’s Republic.

Diplomacy and Diplomats

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iver B. Neumann
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Context Change ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Work Abroad ◽  
At Home

The diplomat is formed in certain socially specific ways, and is defined by the role they play within certain contexts in the field of international relations. Since it is human beings, and not organizations, who practice diplomacy, the diplomats’ social traits are relevant to their work. Historically, diplomats can be defined in terms of two key social traits (class and gender) and how their roles depend on two contexts (bureaucrat/information gatherer and private/public). Before the rise of the state in Europe, envoys were usually monks. With the rise of the state, the aristocracy took over the diplomatic missions. Nonaristocrats were later allowed to assume the role of diplomats, but they needed to be trained, both as gentlemen and as diplomats. From the eighteenth century onwards, wives usually accompanied diplomats stationed abroad, though by the end of the nineteenth century, a few women came to work as typists and carry out menial chores for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). As women became legal persons through performing such labor, they later became qualified to legally serve as diplomats. Meanwhile, in terms of context, the key context change for a diplomat is from “at home” (as in “my home country”) to “abroad.” Historically, work at home is the descendant of bureaucratic service at the MFA, and work abroad of the diplomatic service.

Economic and Legal Support for Commercialization of Intellectual Property in Russia

2003 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
I. Dezhina ◽  
I. Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
The State ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
The West ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Legal Context

The article is devoted to the analysis of the changes in economic and legal context for commercial application of intellectual property created under federal budgetary financing. Special attention is given to the role of the state and to comparison of key elements of mechanisms for commercial application of intellectual property that are currently under implementation in Russia and in the West. A number of practical suggestions are presented aimed at improving government stimuli to commercialization of intellectual property created at budgetary expense.

scholarly journals UPAYA PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA WILAYAH PERBATASAN DARAT INDONESIA – TIMOR LESTE

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Imelda Masni Juniaty Sianipar
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
Formal And Informal Institutions ◽  
Border Dispute ◽  
Settlement Of Dispute

AbstractOn the Annual Press Statement of the Indonesian Minister for Foreign Affairs 2017, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Retno LP Marsudi stated that Indonesia will accelerate the settlement of negotiations on the border issues of Indonesia with several neighboring countries including Timor Leste. Foreign Minister Retno also stressed that the settlement of Indonesia's border with Timor-Leste will be peaceful, without threat of violence, and with full respect for international law. This article seeks to understand the border dispute of the border areas of Indonesia-Timor Leste in international relations perspective. There are three strategies that Indonesia can implement to resolve this dispute. They are military confrontation, the use of formal institutions such as international organizations and the use of informal institutions such as norms, beliefs, ideas and values. The article argues that it is not enough to rely solely on international agreements to resolve the dispute between Noel Besi / Citrana and Bijael Sunan / Oben, Indonesia needs to emphasize the importance of understanding the norms, beliefs, ideas and values of indigenous peoples living in disputed territories. It is expected that the use of formal and informal institutions can accelerate the settlement of dispute Noel Besi / Citrana and Bijael Sunan / Oben.Keywords: land border dispute, Indonesia, Timor Leste AbstrakPada Pernyataan Pers Tahunan Menteri Luar Negeri Tahun 2017, Menteri Luar Negeri (Menlu) Retno LP Marsudi menyatakan bahwa Indonesia akan mempercepat penyelesaian perundingan masalah perbatasan wilayah Indonesia dengan beberapa negara tetangga, salah satunya adalah Timor Leste. Menlu Retno juga menekankan bahwa penyelesaian perbatasan Indonesia dengan Timor Leste akan dilakukan secara damai, tanpa ancaman kekerasan, dan dengan penghormatan sepenuhnya pada hukum internasional. Artikel ini berupaya memahami sengketa perbatasan wilayah perbatasan Indonesia-Timor Leste dalam perspektif hubungan internasional. Ada tiga strategi yang dapat ditempuh oleh Indonesia dalam rangka menyelesaikan sengketa ini yaitu konfrontasi militer, penggunaan institusi formal seperti organisasi internasional serta penggunaan institusi informal yaitu norma, kepercayaan, ide dan nilai. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa untuk menyelesaikan sengketa Noel Besi/Citrana dan Bijael Sunan/Oben tidak cukup menggandalkan traktat / perjanjian internasional saja, Indonesia perlu lebih menekankan pada pentingnya pemahaman akan norma, kepercayaan, ide dan nilai dari masyarakat adat yang tinggal di wilayah sengketa tersebut. Niscaya penggabungan strategi pemanfaatan institusi formal dan informal tersebut dapat mempercepat penyelesaian sengketa Noel Besi/Citrana dan Bijael Sunan/Oben.Kata kunci: sengketa wilayah perbatasan darat, Indonesia, Timor Leste

scholarly journals The missing Other: a review of Linklater’sViolence and Civilization in the Western States-System

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. M. Ling
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The West ◽  
Las Casas

AbstractAs Andrew Linklater has shown, Europeans have decreased their tolerance for, or endorsement of, violence over the centuries. Various international and domestic conventions demonstrate the point. This accomplishment rightfully deserves celebration. But herein lies the rub. While Linklater recognises the role of imperialism and colonialism in perpetrating global violence, he does not grant equal opportunity to the Rest in contributing to the world’s new moral heights. Linklater assumes, for instance, that Las Casas never talked with indigenes to realise that they, too, warrant recognition as human beings; Catholic piety alone sufficed. The West thus towers in singular triumph, embedding International Relations (IR) in what I call Hypermasculine Eurocentric Whiteness (HEW). Still, the Other retains a sense of its Self. An effervescent spirit of play enables resilience and creativity toco-produceour world-of-worlds. Come out and play!, I urge. It’s time to shed IR’s ‘tragedy’ for the sparkle within.

scholarly journals Nature and Artifice in Hobbes’s International Political Thought

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-34
Author(s):  
Maximilian Jaede
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
The State ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
State Of Nature ◽  
Lasting Peace ◽  
Contrary Effect

This article argues that the artificiality of Hobbesian states facilitates their coexistence and eventual reconciliation. In particular, it is suggested that international relations may be characterised by an artificial equality, which has a contrary effect to the natural equality of human beings. Unlike individuals in Hobbes’s account of the state of nature, sovereigns are not compelled to wage war out of fear and distrust, but have prudential reasons to exercise self-restraint. Ultimately rulers serve as disposable figureheads who can be replaced by a foreign invader. Thus, this article highlights the implications of Hobbes’s views on sovereignty by acquisition, which allow for states to be decomposed and reassembled in order to re-establish lasting peace. It is concluded that these findings help to explain why Hobbes does not provide something akin to modern theories of international relations, as foreign affairs appear to be reducible to a matter of either prudence or political philosophy.

Foreign and Domestic Factors in the Transformation of Frelimo

1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Simpson
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Historical Sociology ◽  
The State ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Ruling Party

This article examines the trajectory of the Frente de Libertação de Moçambique (Frelimo), currently the ruling party in Mozambique, focusing on the complex interplay between various factors which contributed to the metamorphoses it has undergone since its founding in 1962. Recent work in the field of international relations and historical sociology has thrown light on the rôle of the state as an administrative-coercive entity constantly cross-pressured by domestic and foreign forces, and acting simultaneously on both fronts in pursuit of advantage. While this scholarship has not focused on ruling parties per se, it is arguable that the standard government versus state dichotomy is of limited analytical value in cases such as Mozambique, where the distinction between party and state remained in practice, until recently, a constitutional nicety. When the ruling party has been institutionalised to the extent of Frelimo, and where the state has become almost an extension of the party, it is the latter that is the key variable in any explanation of political and economic change within society.

There is no such thing as society: beyond individualism and statism in international security studies

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Shaw
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Traditional View ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
Actor Model ◽  
Conceptual Issue

This article offers a sociological perspective on a major conceptual issue in international relations, the question of ‘security’, and it raises major issues to do with the role of sociological concepts in international studies. For some years now, the work of sociological writers such as Skocpol, Giddens and Mann1 has attracted some interest in international studies. International theorists such as Linklater and Halliday have seen their work as offering a theoretical advance both on realism and on Marxist alternatives. At the same time, these developments have involved the paradox that, as one critic puts it, ‘current sociological theories of the state are increasingly approaching a more traditional view of the state—the state as actor model—precisely at a time when the theory of international relations is getting away from this idea and taking a more sociological form.

scholarly journals Pemikiran Bela Negara Dan Hubungan Internasional: Pergeseran Peran Negara Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Perkembangan Sudut Pandang Studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahrul Salam, Adi Rio Arianto, Rizky Hikmawan
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
The State ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Global Era ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The University ◽  
State Defense

<p><strong>Abstrak – </strong>Kemajuan teknologi, khususnya dibidang informasi, transportasi, dan sains, telah<strong> </strong>menciptakan evolusi peran negara sebagai aktor Hubungan Internasional (HI). Negara harus berbagi peran dengan aktor HI lainnya, seperti: organisasi internasional (OI), organisasi pemerintah/ non-pemerintah (IGOs/NGOs), kelompok epistemik, perusahaan multinasional (MNCs), dan individu. Pergeseran peran negara dalam usaha membela negara mengubah warna disiplin ilmu HI, yaitu pendekatannya. Kajian ini mendalami pergeseran peran negara dan implikasinya bagi sudut pandang HI, serta mengkaji evolusi lingkungan strategis. Hasil studi menemukan bahwa selain negara, universitas adalah salah satu calon aktor HI. Hal ini diidentifikasi melalui empat aspek berikut, yaitu: (1) aspek bela negara menuntut peran sentral (mayor) dan peran sektoral (minor) negara sebagai subyek HI dimana negara berbagi peran dengan Universitas, (2) aspek bela negara mempengaruhi pendekatan Realisme dengan perilaku anarkisnya bergeser ke pendekatan alternatif: Horizontalisme dengan perilaku gotong-royongnya, (3) aspek bela negara menuntut perubahan lingkungan strategis dari Era Global (Globalisasi) ke Era Horizontal (Horizontalisasi) atau dengan istilah “Globalinium”, dan (4) aspek bela negara menjadi krusial saat disandingkan dengan kepentingan nasional di pentas Internasional.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci : </strong>bela negara, hubungan internasional, era horizontal, globalinium, negara, universitas</p><p><strong><em>Abstract – </em></strong><em>The development of technological in the fields of information, transportation, and science,<strong> </strong>have created the evolution of the role of the state as an actor of International Relations (IRs). States should share roles with other IRs actors, such as international organizations (IO), government/ non-governmental organizations (IGOs / NGOs), epistemic groups, multinational corporations (MNCs), and individuals. The shifting role of the state in the effort to defend a state changed the color of the discipline of IRs, particularly in its approach. This study explores the shifting role of the state and its implications to IRs paradigm, and examines the evolution of the strategic environment. The results found that beside the “state”, the “university” can be one of the IRs actors. This is identified through the following four aspects: (1) the state defense aspect demands the major role and the minor role of the state as the subject of IRs in which the State shares its role with the university, (2) the state defense aspect affects the Realism approach with the anarchy shifts to alternative approaches: Horizontalism </em><em>with its “gotong-royong”, (3) the state defending aspect demands a strategic environmental change from the Global Era (Globalization) to the Horizontal Era (Horizontalization) or with the term “Globalinium”, and (4) the state defending aspect were crucial when it juxtaposed with national interests on the international stage.</em></p><p><em><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>state defending, international relations, horizontal era, globalinium, state, university</em></em></p>

scholarly journals Foreign Consuls in the Ukrainian SSR (1919-1922)

2017 ◽  
pp. 100-123
Author(s):  
Iryna Matiash ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
Foreign Missions ◽  
Foreign Nationals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Food Provision ◽  
Political Governance

The article describes the basic forms and problems of foreign consuls’ activities in Kyiv and «Soviet capital» Kharkiv in February 1919 – December 1922. We surveyed historiography (works by Hisem O.V., Kiladze S., Kupchyk O.V., Danylenko O.V., Netreba Y.B., Sokyrska V.V. etc.) and a wide range of sources concerning activities of foreign missions in Ukraine. The main forms and methods of foreign consulates’ activities in the Ukrainian SSR were surveyed, peculiarities of their functioning were outlined, personnel of the consular institutions and a role of their management in formation of consular relations with the Ukrainian SSR and an influence on building its foreign relations were determined. We characterized the personalities of the foreign consuls who represented Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Persia and other countries in Soviet Ukraine (Dubynskyi V., Mir-Tagiev J., Tsahareli K., Shumun Bit etc.). Indicated on the nationalization of foreign consulates’ buildings by the Soviet authorities. Nature of the activities of Chinese mission, mission of Assyrian National Delegation in the RSFSR and «a Brazilian consul earl Alberto Pirro» was also highlighted. On the basis of archival information we investigated features of the interaction of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the USSR to the foreign missions and actions of the USSR General Political Governance corcerning registration of foreigners. It has been shown that the foreign missions used the services of the Bureau for Foreign Missions Services concerning providing people with food provision and dwelling. We found differences in the organization of the consular corps in the era of the Ukrainian State and the Ukrainian People’s Republic and the Soviet regime. Regulations on the status of foreign nationals in the Ukrainian SSR were considered, and the role of the foreign consuls in ensuring contacts of the citizens of their states with the Soviet authorities was highlighted. It was proved that foreign consuls in the Ukrainian SSR were victims of repressive bodies.

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