scholarly journals Use of effective microorganisms with phytoprotective ceramics in the initial growth of Theobroma cacao L.

TAYACAJA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 02-12
Author(s):  
Nereyda Patty Pérez Palermo ◽  
Ena Vilma Velazco Castro ◽  
Cindy Paola Castro Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Quality Indexes ◽  
Dickson Quality Index

The research was conducted in the nursery of the National Intercultural University of Amazonia, whose objective was to use effective microorganisms with plant protection ceramics in the initial growth of Theobroma cacao, "common cocoa". The experiment was conducted through a completely randomized design (DCA), with 5 treatments, 10 repetitions and 50 experimental units. The treatments were: T1 (Control); T2 (100 ml of efficient microorganisms (EM) + 20 g of phytoprotective ceramic (CF)); T3 (200 ml of MS + 20 g of CF); T4 (300 ml of EM + 20 g of CF) and T5 (400 ml of EM + 20 g of CF). As a result, the T3 treatment obtained better growth value in height, diameter and specific leaf area with: 25.56 cm, 6.86 mm and 90.77 cm2 / g respectively, compared to the control that reached 19.98 cm. 5.49 mm. 49.32. Regarding the quality indexes, the ratio of aerial dry biomass / dry root biomass (R BSA / RBSR), lignification index (IL), robustness index (IR) and Dickson quality index (DQI), did not show significant differences between the treatments, but the T3 had higher value over the IR with 3.76, the R BSA / RBSR with 2.45 and DQI with 0.85, and the T4 had greater value in the IL with 33.68.

The Effect of Storage Duration and Invigoration Treatment on Viability of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seeds

Nabatia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Tri Widiyanti ◽  
Agus Miftakhurrohmat
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of giberrelin (GA3) storage durationand treatment on the viability of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seeds carried out at theLaboratory of Indonesian Center for Seedling and Plant Protection (BBPPTP) Surabayaon Mojoagung No. No. 52, Mojoagung Subdistrict, Jombang Regency in February toApril 2014. This study used a completely randomized design with factorial patterns with2 factors. The first factor is the storage time which consists of 4 stages P1 (7 days ofnatural storage of seeds), P2 (14 days of storage of natural seeds), P3 (22 days of storageof natural seeds), and P4 (29 days of storage of natural seeds). The second factor isinvigoration treatment which consists of 3 types without treatment (I0), GA3 10 ppm(I1), GA3 20 ppm (I2). The results showed a significant interaction between storage timeand invigoration treatment of plant height and germination capacity, storage durationtreatment affected the variable number of leaves, 7 days storage time (P1) produced theaverage number of leaves (3.75 strands) even though the result is the same as the storageperiod of 14 days (P2). While the invigoration treatment had no effect on the observationvariable of the number of leaves.

scholarly journals Growth and quality of SJ-02 cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.) under different irrigation depths and cultivation containers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1695-1700
Author(s):  
Vinicius de Souza Oliveira ◽  
Stefany Sampaio Silveira ◽  
Robson Prucoli Posse ◽  
Laís Gertrudes Fontana Silva ◽  
Valeria Pancieri Sallin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Cocoa Seedlings

The study aimed to evaluate the growth and quality of SJ-02 cocoa seedlings under different irrigation depths and cultivation container sizes. The experiment was arranged as a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme (4x3), where the first factor consisted of the application of four different irrigation depths (6, 10, 12 and 14 mm d-1) and the second one was composed of three different cultivation containers (small, medium and large). Twelve treatments were evaluated with eight repetitions, totaling 96 plants in the experimental field. At 74 days after sowing, the leaf area, stem diameter, plant height, dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root system, total dry mass and Dickson's quality index of all seedlings were analyzed. The 10.32 mm d-1 irrigation depth and the medium and large cultivation containers provided the highest quality in seedling production, being the most suitable ones. However, there was no interaction between the factors

scholarly journals Optimizing acceptability of mango jam enriched with pectin from cacao husk (Theobroma cacao L.)

DYNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (208) ◽  
pp. 292-296
Author(s):  
Angelica Maria Torregroza Espinosa ◽  
Luty Del carmen Gomezcaceres Pérez ◽  
Jhonatan Andres Rodríguez Manrique ◽  
Rolando José López Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Citric Acid Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Product Acceptability ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Hedonic Scale ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Range Test

This experiment was conducted in order to optimize and quantify the acceptability of mango jam enriched with pectin extracted from husk of cacao grown in the department of Sucre, Colombia. The experiment was performed using a two-factor, completely randomized design: pectin concentration (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%) and citric acid concentration (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%). All experiments were conducted in triplicate for each treatment, for a total of 27 experimental units. Variables such as fresh fruits (65.5%) and sugar (34.0%) were held constant. Data analysis was performed using an analysis of variance while the comparison of means was performed by the Tukey's range test. After 24 hours, a test for measuring product acceptability was conducted among 60 people using a 7-point hedonic scale. The survey yielded an acceptability value (I like moderately) of 6.7 for pectin concentrations of 0.2% and citric acid concentrations of 0.3%.

Evaluation of Different Types of Substrates in Cocoa Nursery (Theobroma Cacao L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Tarquino Llerena Ramos ◽  
Cesar Ramiro Bermeo Toledo ◽  
Paula Marisol V
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
State Technical ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

This research was conducted at the experimental farm "La Maria" State Technical University of Quevedo, located at Km 7.5 Vía Quevedo - El Empalme, with the overall objective to determine the effect of different organic substrates on seedling growth cocoa nursery conditions. The specific objectives were to evaluate the growth of cocoa plants in different substrates study, identify the substrate that allows greater root development of seedlings of cacao and perform economic analysis of each of the treatments studied. The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design with 10 treatments in three replicates and treatment means were compared with Duncan test at 95% probability. The treatments were: T1: 60% Bokashi + 40% black earth, T2: 60% Bokashi + 40% sawdust raft, T3: 60% Bokashi + 40% chaff burnt rice, T4: 40% Bokashi + 20% sawdust balsa + 20% black soil + 20% chaff burnt rice, T5: 60% vermicompost + 40% black earth, T6: 60% vermicompost + 40% sawdust raft, S7: 60% vermicompost + 40% chaff burnt rice, T8: 40% vermicompost + 20% black soil + 20% chaff burn rice + 20% sawdust raft, T9: 30% bokashi + 30% vermicompost + 20% black earth + 10% sawdust + 10% balsa burning rice chaff, T10: 75% + 25% black earth rice husks. The main results of this research it was observed that the planted in treating 9 (30% Bokashi, 30% vermicompost, 20% black soil, 10% sawdust balsa and 10% chaff burnt rice), was recorded 100% germination, plant also produced in this substrate were greater height, stem diameter, presence of leaves and root length. Treatment 10 (75% of black earth and 25% rice husks) produced the highest returns with 59.68% of the production of 1000 seedlings, meaning that for every dollar invested a profit of $ 0.60 was obtained for every dollar reversed, however, with treatment 9 (30% bokashi, 30% vermicompost + 20% black soil + 10% sawdust raft + 10% chaff burnt rice) plants showed better characteristics that are the basis for acceptance by the buyer, generating a return of 34.23%, as a result of higher production cost.

scholarly journals INTERACTIONS OF BIOCHAR AND ORGANIC COMPOUND FOR SEEDLINGS PRODUCTION OF Magonia pubescens A. St.-Hil.

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefany Lorrayny Lima ◽  
Suelen Tamiozzo ◽  
Edwin Camacho Palomino ◽  
Fabiano André Petter ◽  
Ben Hur Marimon-Junior
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
The State ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
State University ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dickson Quality Index

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that biochar, applied with cattle manure, promotes better development of seedlings of Magonia pubescens St. Hil. The experiment was conducted at the State University of Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil, in 2011. We used a completely randomized design, with twelve treatments and three replications. The substrates formed by the higher levels of cattle manure plus biochar (30%) provided better results of height, diameter and aerial biomass. However, the Dickson Quality Index has not confirmed the quality of seedlings in these treatments. We also observed that the doses of biochar (20 and 30%) when added separately to the Latosol, are not efficient for the growth improvement of the seedlings. Based on the present results, we validate the hypothesis that substrates formed with a mixture of cattle manure and biochar are effective to improve the production of seedlings of M. pubescens.

scholarly journals Growth of papaya seedlings on substrate consisting of poultry litter biochar

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3721-3740
Author(s):  
Laysa Gabryella de Souza Laurentino ◽  
◽  
Lucia Helena Garófalo Chaves ◽  
Antônio Ramos Cavalcante ◽  
Jean Pereira Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Poultry Litter Biochar ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dickson Quality Index

The choice of a substrate that meets the nutritional and physical demands of papaya seedlings with the use of organic wastes is directly linked to increases in crop yield and is an important environmental and economic alternative. Aiming to produce good-quality papaya seedlings while considering the composition and availability of substrates, this study examined the influence of applying increasing rates of poultry litter biochar as a substrate component in the production of papaya seedlings. The study was developed in a protected environment belonging to the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with a 6 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of six rates of biochar (4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 t ha-1 and the control) and two papaya cultivars (Formosa and Ouro), with four replicates. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and leaf area were evaluated 90 days after sowing. The fresh and dry biomass of shoots and root system and the Dickson Quality Index were also evaluated. In conclusion, the rates that provided good development of papaya seedlings were 8 and 16 t ha-1, and papaya cultivar Ouro showed better growth results.

scholarly journals Light intensity and type of container on producing Cassia grandis L. f. seedlings

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 939-945
Author(s):  
Caio C. P. Leal ◽  
Salvador B. Torres ◽  
Rômulo M. O. de Freitas ◽  
Narjara W. Nogueira ◽  
Raul M. de Farias
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Wood Powder ◽  
Probability Level ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Clay Pots ◽  
Dickson Quality Index

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to determine the effects of the luminosity and type of container on producing Cassia grandis seedlings. Thus, in a substrate composed by topsoil + wood powder (1:1) the seedlings were grown into plastic tubets containing 0.3 dm3 of such substrate, or into plastic pots containing 1.0 dm3 of the same substrate, and subjected to 50 and 25% shading or full sunlight. The assessments were performed every two weeks by measuring plant height and stem diameter, during eight weeks period. At the end of this period, the leaf area, dry mass of shoots and roots, the ratio between height of plant/diameter of stem, and the Dickson quality index were also assessed. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with treatments arranged in a 3 x 2 factorial [3 luminosity levels (50, 25% shading and full sunlight) x 2 types of containers (plastic tubets and clay pots)] with four replicates of 10 seedlings each. Means were compared by Tukey test at 0.05 probability level and adjustments for the non-linear regression polynomial curves for the assessed characteristics were computed in function of time. Shadings of 25 and 50% were the best alternatives to luminosity; and the tubets were the most suitable containers for production of Cassia grandis seedlings.

scholarly journals Effects of fermentation and drying durations on the quality of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) beans during the rainy season in the Juaboso District of the Western-North Region, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ackah ◽  
Eric Dompey
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fermentation Period ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Abstract Background Postharvest treatments are crucial to the quality of cocoa finished products. This study aimed at investigating the effects of durations of fermentation and drying on the quality of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) beans during the rainy season. The study employed a 4 × 3 factorial with four fermentation durations of 5, 6, 7 and 8 days and three drying periods of 4, 5 and 6 days, resulting in a total of 12 treatment combinations, laid in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Bean quality data were collected on bean count/100 g, moisture content and cut test attributes including mouldy, slaty and purple, as well as percentage purity. Results The study showed that the applied fermentation and drying periods single handedly resulted in moisture content higher than the recommended, coupling 8 days fermentation with 6 days drying period resulted in a moisture content of 5.6% which falls below the acceptable standard (7.5%) recommended. Number of beans/100 g increased with increasing fermentation and drying periods. Coupling any of the fermentation periods with 5 or 6 days drying duration resulted in mould content within the acceptable grade 1 limit (3%). Longer fermentation period coupled with any of the drying durations resulted in very encouraging and minimal values of purple, while coupling 6, 7 or 8 days fermentation period with 6 days drying resulted in slaty content within the grade 1 limit (3%). Conclusion The overall effect of the treatments on the quality attributes from the cut test revealed that 8 days fermentation with the traditional leave heap method, coupled with 6 days sun drying during the rainy season, resulted in superior bean quality with a percentage purity of 98.00%.

scholarly journals STUDI PEMANFAATAN PUPUK ABU BOILER PADA PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT TANAMAN KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Yulius Gae Lada
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Cocoa Seedlings ◽  
Boiler Ash

Boiler ash is a solid waste from biomass combustion from palm oil mills. The boiler ash can be used as fertilizer because it has a high content in the samples of N, P, K and Mg and is safe for the environment. This study aims to determine the effect of boiler ash fertilizer on the growth of cocoa seedlings and get the optimal fertilizer dose when applied. This research was conducted in Jayapura – Papua for 3 months (September – November). This study used a completely randomized design that was repeated as many as 6 replications. The treatments given include: A0 (control), A1 (300 g.polybag–1), A2 (350 g.polybag–1), A3 (400 g.polybag–1) and A4 (450 g.polybag–1). Parameters measured were plant height, leaf number, leaf width, leaf length and plant wet weight. Based on statistical tests, the results showed that the use of boiler ash fertilizer on the growth of cocoa seedlings which was seen from all parameters had no significant effect. However, A4 treatment using 450 g of boiler ash fertilizer per polybag gives significant results for all parameters measured.

scholarly journals BIOSORPSI Hg(II) DENGAN KULIT BUAH KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.)

KOVALEN ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitri Fitri ◽  
Syaiful Bahri ◽  
Nurakhirawati Nurakhirawati
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Interaction Time ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

ABSTRACT This study aims are determine the amount of biosorbent from cocoa fruit skin and required best interaction time to be able to adsorb Hg(II) in solution. This study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 variations of biosorbent amount is 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 grams and contact time is 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 minutes. Each treatment was repeated twice. The results showed that the best amount of biosorbent in the adsorption of Hg(II) is 99.11% with biosorbent weight 2 grams. Best contact time for the adsorption of Hg(II) is 90 minutes with the amount of adsorbed as much as 99.82%. Keywords : Biosorption, Cocoa fruit skin, Mercury

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