scholarly journals Effects of fermentation and drying durations on the quality of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) beans during the rainy season in the Juaboso District of the Western-North Region, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ackah ◽  
Eric Dompey
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fermentation Period ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Abstract Background Postharvest treatments are crucial to the quality of cocoa finished products. This study aimed at investigating the effects of durations of fermentation and drying on the quality of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) beans during the rainy season. The study employed a 4 × 3 factorial with four fermentation durations of 5, 6, 7 and 8 days and three drying periods of 4, 5 and 6 days, resulting in a total of 12 treatment combinations, laid in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Bean quality data were collected on bean count/100 g, moisture content and cut test attributes including mouldy, slaty and purple, as well as percentage purity. Results The study showed that the applied fermentation and drying periods single handedly resulted in moisture content higher than the recommended, coupling 8 days fermentation with 6 days drying period resulted in a moisture content of 5.6% which falls below the acceptable standard (7.5%) recommended. Number of beans/100 g increased with increasing fermentation and drying periods. Coupling any of the fermentation periods with 5 or 6 days drying duration resulted in mould content within the acceptable grade 1 limit (3%). Longer fermentation period coupled with any of the drying durations resulted in very encouraging and minimal values of purple, while coupling 6, 7 or 8 days fermentation period with 6 days drying resulted in slaty content within the grade 1 limit (3%). Conclusion The overall effect of the treatments on the quality attributes from the cut test revealed that 8 days fermentation with the traditional leave heap method, coupled with 6 days sun drying during the rainy season, resulted in superior bean quality with a percentage purity of 98.00%.

scholarly journals Growth and quality of SJ-02 cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.) under different irrigation depths and cultivation containers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1695-1700
Author(s):  
Vinicius de Souza Oliveira ◽  
Stefany Sampaio Silveira ◽  
Robson Prucoli Posse ◽  
Laís Gertrudes Fontana Silva ◽  
Valeria Pancieri Sallin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Cocoa Seedlings

The study aimed to evaluate the growth and quality of SJ-02 cocoa seedlings under different irrigation depths and cultivation container sizes. The experiment was arranged as a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme (4x3), where the first factor consisted of the application of four different irrigation depths (6, 10, 12 and 14 mm d-1) and the second one was composed of three different cultivation containers (small, medium and large). Twelve treatments were evaluated with eight repetitions, totaling 96 plants in the experimental field. At 74 days after sowing, the leaf area, stem diameter, plant height, dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root system, total dry mass and Dickson's quality index of all seedlings were analyzed. The 10.32 mm d-1 irrigation depth and the medium and large cultivation containers provided the highest quality in seedling production, being the most suitable ones. However, there was no interaction between the factors

scholarly journals Optimizing acceptability of mango jam enriched with pectin from cacao husk (Theobroma cacao L.)

DYNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (208) ◽  
pp. 292-296
Author(s):  
Angelica Maria Torregroza Espinosa ◽  
Luty Del carmen Gomezcaceres Pérez ◽  
Jhonatan Andres Rodríguez Manrique ◽  
Rolando José López Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Citric Acid Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Product Acceptability ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Hedonic Scale ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Range Test

This experiment was conducted in order to optimize and quantify the acceptability of mango jam enriched with pectin extracted from husk of cacao grown in the department of Sucre, Colombia. The experiment was performed using a two-factor, completely randomized design: pectin concentration (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%) and citric acid concentration (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%). All experiments were conducted in triplicate for each treatment, for a total of 27 experimental units. Variables such as fresh fruits (65.5%) and sugar (34.0%) were held constant. Data analysis was performed using an analysis of variance while the comparison of means was performed by the Tukey's range test. After 24 hours, a test for measuring product acceptability was conducted among 60 people using a 7-point hedonic scale. The survey yielded an acceptability value (I like moderately) of 6.7 for pectin concentrations of 0.2% and citric acid concentrations of 0.3%.

Evaluation of Different Types of Substrates in Cocoa Nursery (Theobroma Cacao L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Tarquino Llerena Ramos ◽  
Cesar Ramiro Bermeo Toledo ◽  
Paula Marisol V
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
State Technical ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

This research was conducted at the experimental farm "La Maria" State Technical University of Quevedo, located at Km 7.5 Vía Quevedo - El Empalme, with the overall objective to determine the effect of different organic substrates on seedling growth cocoa nursery conditions. The specific objectives were to evaluate the growth of cocoa plants in different substrates study, identify the substrate that allows greater root development of seedlings of cacao and perform economic analysis of each of the treatments studied. The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design with 10 treatments in three replicates and treatment means were compared with Duncan test at 95% probability. The treatments were: T1: 60% Bokashi + 40% black earth, T2: 60% Bokashi + 40% sawdust raft, T3: 60% Bokashi + 40% chaff burnt rice, T4: 40% Bokashi + 20% sawdust balsa + 20% black soil + 20% chaff burnt rice, T5: 60% vermicompost + 40% black earth, T6: 60% vermicompost + 40% sawdust raft, S7: 60% vermicompost + 40% chaff burnt rice, T8: 40% vermicompost + 20% black soil + 20% chaff burn rice + 20% sawdust raft, T9: 30% bokashi + 30% vermicompost + 20% black earth + 10% sawdust + 10% balsa burning rice chaff, T10: 75% + 25% black earth rice husks. The main results of this research it was observed that the planted in treating 9 (30% Bokashi, 30% vermicompost, 20% black soil, 10% sawdust balsa and 10% chaff burnt rice), was recorded 100% germination, plant also produced in this substrate were greater height, stem diameter, presence of leaves and root length. Treatment 10 (75% of black earth and 25% rice husks) produced the highest returns with 59.68% of the production of 1000 seedlings, meaning that for every dollar invested a profit of $ 0.60 was obtained for every dollar reversed, however, with treatment 9 (30% bokashi, 30% vermicompost + 20% black soil + 10% sawdust raft + 10% chaff burnt rice) plants showed better characteristics that are the basis for acceptance by the buyer, generating a return of 34.23%, as a result of higher production cost.

The Effect of Storage Duration and Invigoration Treatment on Viability of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seeds

Nabatia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Tri Widiyanti ◽  
Agus Miftakhurrohmat
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of giberrelin (GA3) storage durationand treatment on the viability of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seeds carried out at theLaboratory of Indonesian Center for Seedling and Plant Protection (BBPPTP) Surabayaon Mojoagung No. No. 52, Mojoagung Subdistrict, Jombang Regency in February toApril 2014. This study used a completely randomized design with factorial patterns with2 factors. The first factor is the storage time which consists of 4 stages P1 (7 days ofnatural storage of seeds), P2 (14 days of storage of natural seeds), P3 (22 days of storageof natural seeds), and P4 (29 days of storage of natural seeds). The second factor isinvigoration treatment which consists of 3 types without treatment (I0), GA3 10 ppm(I1), GA3 20 ppm (I2). The results showed a significant interaction between storage timeand invigoration treatment of plant height and germination capacity, storage durationtreatment affected the variable number of leaves, 7 days storage time (P1) produced theaverage number of leaves (3.75 strands) even though the result is the same as the storageperiod of 14 days (P2). While the invigoration treatment had no effect on the observationvariable of the number of leaves.

Dehydration of Fermented Manioc Rasp

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Luís Eugênio Lessa Bulhões ◽  
Rogério Teixeira Duarte ◽  
Cícero Luiz Calazans De Lima ◽  
Maria José de Holanda Leite ◽  
Igor Cavalcante Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Brix Degree

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the Ripa enriched with urea, yeast and sugar cane molasses, fermented and subjected to the drying process. Using as parameters: moisture content, Brix, pH, acidity and protein content. We used a completely randomized design with ten replications, two treatments and one control. The model included non-fermented (RNFM) and fermented (RFM) treatments of the variety of Rosinha cassava. Fermentation was performed during 132 hours under ambient conditions, with a 10% yeast treatment (w/V), 4% Urea (w/V) and 20% molasses (w/V) and the other 70 ml of distilled water. Regarding the moisture content of the material after the dehydration period, mean values between 46.42% and 58.33% were observed. The Brix degree of the water treatment and the control samples did not differ, however, differed from the treatment urea + molasses + yeast, which presented the highest values of this parameter. The pH averages ranged from 4.49 to 7.85, differing statistically. Titratable acidity ranged from 1.760 to 14.040. A considerable gain of crude protein was observed in the treatment urea + molasses + yeast, which was statistically higher than the others.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Konsentrasi Pupuk Cair Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Kandungan Klorofil-a Rumput Laut Gracilaria verrucosa (Harvey)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
Puti Sukma Rahma Dini ◽  
A.B. Susanto ◽  
Rini Pramesti
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Rumput laut ini merupakan sumber komoditi laut yang popular dalam perdagangan dan menjadi sumber pendapatan masyarakat pesisir dan negara. G. verrucosa merupakan salah satu jenis rumput laut yang termasuk komoditi ekspor. Budidaya G. verrucosa masih dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan sehingga pertumbuhannya terhambat dan kualitas panen menurun. Upaya peningkatan produksi dengan hasil pertumbuhan yang baik dilakukan pemberian nutrien. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan pupuk cair dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan, kandungan klorofil dan kadar air G. verrucosa. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret - April 2020 dilaksanakan secara eksperimental laboratorium dengan menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, perlakuan perbedaan konsentrasi penambahan pupuk cair tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat basah G. verrucosa, perlakuan kontrol (tanpa penambahan pupuk) menghasilkan kandungan klorofil paling tinggi dan perlakuan penambahan pupuk cair dengan konsentrasi 6 ml/L menghasilkan kadar air paling tinggi yaitu 46,21 g, penambahan pupuk cair tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan, kandungan klorofil dan kadar air G. verrucosa. Seaweeds are a source of marine commodities which is popular in trade and is a source of income for coastal communities and the state. G.verrucosa is one type of seaweed which is an export commodity. G.verrucosa cultivation is still influenced by environmental factors so that growth is stunted and the quality of the harvest decreases. The efforts to increase production with good growth results are carried out by providing nutrients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding liquid fertilizer with different concentrations on the growth, chlorophyll content and moisture content of G.verrucosa. This research was conducted in March - April 2020 carried out in an experimental laboratory using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method. Based on the results of the study, the treatment of different concentrations of addition of liquid fertilizer have no significant effect on the wet weight of G.verrucosa, the control treatment (without the addition of fertilizer) produced the highest chlorophyll content and the addition of liquid fertilizer with a concentration of 6 ml / L produced the highest water content, namely 46,21 g, the addition of liquid fertilizer did not significantly affect the growth, chlorophyll content and moisture content of G.verrucosa. 

scholarly journals Forage substitution with MOIYL fermented cacao pod on carcass quality of local sheeps

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S D Mahyana ◽  
Hasnudi ◽  
I Sembiring ◽  
S Umar ◽  
Yunilas
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Agriculture Waste ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

Agriculture waste such as acao pod are abundant. This study aims to determine localsheeps carcass quality after feeding Moiyl fermented cacao pod (Theobroma cacao L) inrations as alternative feed. The research was carried out at Mr. Didit's farm located on BungaRinte street, Medan Tuntungan sub district, Medan in October-December 2018. Theexperiment used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4replications. Using 20 local rams with an average of 12.65 ± 1 kg / head. Treatment consists offorages, and concentrated ingredients such as coconut cake, soybean meal, rice bran, molasses,urea, mineral mix, and Moiyl pod cacao fermented P0 (forage 80% + concentrate 20%), P1(forage 60% + Pod cacao fermentation 20% + Concentrate 20%), P2 (Forage 40% + Pod cacaofermented 40% + Concentrate 20%), P3 (Forage 20% + Pod cacao fermented 60% +Concentrate 20%), P4 (Pod 80% fermented cacao + Concentrate 20%).The results showed that the average cutting weight P0 = 15.70, P1 = 15.98, P2 = 17.55, P3 =16.27, P4 = 14.73, (kg / head). The average body weight is P0 = 9.75, P1 = 10.27, P2 = 10.52,P3 = 10.14, P4 = 9.18, (kg / head). The average carcass weight P0 = 5.36, P1 = 5.61, P2 =5.74, P3 = 5.73, P4 = 5.73 (kg / head). The average carcass percentage P0 = 56.51, P1 = 55.55,P2 = 54.71, P3 = 56.55, P4 = 51.48 (kg / head). The conclusion of this study is MOIYLfermented cacao pod (Theobroma cacao L) can substitute forage as feed for male local sheepand influenced cutting weight, average body weight, average carcass weight and also averagearcass percentage.

scholarly journals Qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de celosias armazenadas por diferentes períodos

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Janine Farias Menegaes ◽  
Geovana Facco Barbieri ◽  
Rogério Antônio Bellé ◽  
Ubirajara Russi Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Average Moisture Content ◽  
Kraft Paper ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Celosia Argentea ◽  
Celosia Cristata ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Cold Chamber

The objective was to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of cockscomb seeds stored for different periods. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with a 2x5 factorial scheme (two species of cockscomb: Celosia argentea L. and Celosia cristata L., and five seed lots with different storage periods: 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 years, from the date of harvest) with four replicates. After harvesting each batch of seeds, in their respective years, they were stored with an average moisture content of 11% and average germination of 98% in cold chamber in packages of Kraft paper (15 ºC and 40% RH). It was observed that the average vigor (first count of germination) of the seeds of the two species of cockscomb was 88%, and the average germination of normal seedlings was 89 and 96% for the C. argentea and C. cristata species, respectively, with mean germination of 2.9 days for all storage periods. The relative frequency demonstrated homogeneity in the germination of the two species of cockscomb maintaining germinative viability in all periods of storage. It is concluded that the physiological potential and sanitary quality of the seeds of the C. argentea and C. cristata were preserved for periods ranging from zero to sixteen years of storage.

scholarly journals STUDI PEMANFAATAN PUPUK ABU BOILER PADA PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT TANAMAN KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Yulius Gae Lada
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Cocoa Seedlings ◽  
Boiler Ash

Boiler ash is a solid waste from biomass combustion from palm oil mills. The boiler ash can be used as fertilizer because it has a high content in the samples of N, P, K and Mg and is safe for the environment. This study aims to determine the effect of boiler ash fertilizer on the growth of cocoa seedlings and get the optimal fertilizer dose when applied. This research was conducted in Jayapura – Papua for 3 months (September – November). This study used a completely randomized design that was repeated as many as 6 replications. The treatments given include: A0 (control), A1 (300 g.polybag–1), A2 (350 g.polybag–1), A3 (400 g.polybag–1) and A4 (450 g.polybag–1). Parameters measured were plant height, leaf number, leaf width, leaf length and plant wet weight. Based on statistical tests, the results showed that the use of boiler ash fertilizer on the growth of cocoa seedlings which was seen from all parameters had no significant effect. However, A4 treatment using 450 g of boiler ash fertilizer per polybag gives significant results for all parameters measured.

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