scholarly journals Limitations of small and medium business lending in Kazakhstan: factors affecting access to finance

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Y. M. Krupina ◽  
M. A. Subalova ◽  
I. V. Selezneva
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
External Financing ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Effective Conditions

This paper aims to investigate factors affecting the access of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)to external financing in Kazakhstan. The data set of this research is obtained from the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Surveys (BEEPS) conducted by the World Bank in Kazakhstan in 2019. The results of the analysis showed that such factors as revenue, the availability of collateral, previously received loans, have a positive impact on the decision to grant a loan by financial institutions. However, the results of the analysis did not show a statistically significant effect of the size and age of the enterprise on access to credit, which was proved by a number of studies in other countries. The results of the analysis also showed that access to external financing is significantly limited for enterprises implementing innovative products or services, which is explained by the riskiness of these enterprises from the point of view of creditors. It is interesting to note that the analysis showed a statistically significant positive relationship between access to credit and a female manager, which proves that there is no discrimination on gender grounds when making a decision to issue a loan in Kazakhstan. The results obtained can be used to develop more effective conditions for lending to SMEs, as well as to improve scoring models for SMEs, where the main criteria may be the history and potential of the company, rather than the current financial situation and the availability of collateral.

scholarly journals Women in Leadership Positions, Road to Success, A Case Study, Bahrain

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar Jawdat Al-Barghouthi
Keyword(s):  
Women Leaders ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Women In Business ◽  
Contingency Leadership

Bahrain is a Muslim Arab tribal society, where women play a significant role in the countries’ development, and the number of female business leaders is increasing rapidly. Understanding the circumstances that brought these women to the forefront of business in their country will lead to constructing a better business environment for women in the future. The aim of this study is to explore these women in terms of: the secret behind their successes, their beliefs, and motivation towards leadership. The study tries to identify the “gap” in the scholarly literature on Bahraini women in business, and to provide in-depth data on female leaders in the region.The study employs the inductive approach, using an in-depth qualitative open-ended interview, developed and based on the contingency leadership theory. And the Weber framework of authority.The results indicate that the main factors contributing to the success of women leaders are social status, cultural, gender, struggle, and difficulties from women leaders’ point of view. This is a pilot study for further in-depth quantitative research in Bahrain and the GCC countries. This study is made up of eight samples. It is anticipated that future comparative research will be extended to a further quantitative study to cover a wider sample of Bahrain and GCC countries.The paper is considered as one of the first to discuss the factors affecting the success of businesswomen in Bahrain, rather than the factors that empower them.

Understanding the Factors Affecting Employees’ Motivation to Engage in Co-Creation in the Banking Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 2050015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Feldmann ◽  
Frank Teuteberg
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Motivation Factors ◽  
Business To Consumer ◽  
Motivation To Participate

Increasing digitalization and new technological possibilities also entail substantial changes for working methods in the B2B (business-to-business) environment in banking. In this context, the concept of co-creation is critical. Although this concept and the motivation factors behind it have been thoroughly investigated in the B2C (business-to-consumer) sector, only a few research results exist for the B2B context. This study aims to bridge the current knowledge gap and investigate individuals’ motivation to participate in B2B co-creation. By using a case study and qualitative interviews, this study focuses on two aspects: (a) It reveals how a co-creation measure is used in practice in the B2B environment; and (b) it provides information on the motivation factors and outcome from the point of view of the participants in the B2B co-creation project. The paper concludes with an integrative model of the main motivation factors behind B2B co-creation and their effects.

scholarly journals Reputation Management, Selected Assessment and Measurement Tools Theoretical Overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Peter Dorcak ◽  
Ingrid Dorcakova
Keyword(s):  
Business Environment ◽  
Business Practice ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Reputation Management ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Right ◽  
Online Reputation

The meaning of the concept of online reputation management is constantly growing, more so in today's competitive business environment, where proper setup can contribute to the overall prosperity, as well as affect the market value of a company. There are many instructions and procedures on how to coordinate reputation in the right direction, however, we need to realize that success is not just about good technology or portfolio of offered products. According to aforementioned the main aim of this paper is discussing the issue of reputation by pointing out theoretical bases of reputation in online and offline environments as well as present selected assessment and measurement tools for reputation in business practice. However, the choice of effective and optimal tools for measuring and managing online reputation in business practice is a difficult and complex choice that fully depends on the nature and objectives of the organization itself, it is inconceivable to examine the presented issue. The paper further shows off the model of reputations including seven major factors affecting corporate reputation. As research methods, the authors used analysis and synthesis. From the point of view, as a source of data are used dominantly relevant works and studies of renowned authors publishing in the analyzed issue. The authors thus submitting a theoretical study of selected assessment and measurement tools in the field of reputation management.

scholarly journals The future of FDI in south eastern European countries: Messages from new EU member states

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (202) ◽  
pp. 43-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Penev ◽  
Matija Rojec
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Private Equity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
System Development ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Transition Processes ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

This paper looks at the interlinking of inward FDI, EU accession, and transition-related structural reform processes, and identifies the largest lags of SEE-6 countries in EU accession and transition processes, whose removal would have a positive impact on inward FDI. The analysis is based on EBRD Transition Indicators, the World Bank Doing Business Index, and the World Bank Governance Index. We find an obvious correlation of inward FDI, transition, and EU accession processes of NMS-10 countries and claim that SEE-6 countries will broadly follow the same pattern: their relative position as FDI recipients will gradually improve along with the progress of EU accession and transition processes. The analysis identifies the following main gaps of the SEE-6 in these processes: (i) in terms of economic system development - enterprise restructuring and governance, and sectoral reforms in energy, infrastructure, capital markets, and private equity; (ii) in terms of the governance of economy and society at large - regulatory quality and rule of law; and (iii) in terms of the business environment - dealing with construction permits, enforcing contracts, and registering property. Progress in narrowing down these gaps would mean a step forward in EU accession and transition, and consequently an improvement of SEE-6 countries? positions as locations for inward FDI.

Model of organizational and economic mechanism for export enterprises’ sustainable development

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Zhang Wei ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
International Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Mechanism ◽  
Import And Export

The article presents the conditions that contribute to the development of an organizational and economic mechanism. The article reveals the need to implement pilot programs to support export enterprises and successfully implement reforms in the field of foreign trade. In modern realities, the formation of the mechanism will contribute to the optimization of processes in the business environment, and the revival of the market, which should have a positive impact on the pace of international development. Integration of industries and cluster development, according to the authors, will accelerate the pace of high-quality development. From the point of view of foreign trade stabilization, the highest priority for further deepening of reforms is a sharp reduction of government costs in import and export relations in order to increase the competitiveness of foreign trade. Further cost reduction is aimed at meeting import and export requirements and facilitating cross-border trade. It is proposed to use the advantages of the new customs, deepen reforms, simplify customs clearance procedures, reduce the volume of import and export documents, apply a “single window” in international trade, as well as reduce port, inspection and quarantine fees. At the same time, it is important to pay attention to the time and cost of certification of compliance and compliance with borders. The creation of free trade zones as the core, and the deepening of market reforms, which will affect the qualitative construction of a market system with high standards and further optimization of the business environment. The use of the main results of the study in practice contributes to the development of a model of the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of exports to the domestic market. The findings will allow us to develop an effective strategy for the sustainable development of export enterprises not only in the domestic market, but also in the external one

Innovation and the performance of informal enterprises in developing countries: a gender perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvis Korku Avenyo ◽  
Erika Kraemer-Mbula
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research And Policy

Purpose Examining the impact of gender on various aspects of business performance has gained research and policy traction, although the empirical evidence remains inconclusive. This paper aims to focus on one type of business, namely, informal enterprises and one dimension of business performance, namely, product innovation, to better understand how product innovations affect employment in both female- and male-owned informal enterprises. Design/methodology/approach This paper relies on a unique data set of 513 informal enterprises located in two urban centres in Ghana (Accra and Tema), covering the period between 2013 and 2015 and the Dose-Response Model to examine the effect of product innovations on employment in informal enterprises in urban Ghana. Findings The findings suggest that product innovation has considerable beneficial impacts on the creation of employment in informal enterprises. The results do not show systematic differences in the factors affecting product innovation in female- and male-owned enterprises. However, they suggest that although female-owned enterprises are less likely to introduce product innovations, they do sell more innovative products. Originality/value These findings support the view that innovation is “gendered”, and therefore, requires a “gendered” policy lens.

What restricts credit to women enterprises? Evidence from India’s informal sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 920-937
Author(s):  
Prateeksha Maurya ◽  
Pratap Chandra Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Financial Access ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Major Factors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors which affect the financial access of the female-owned informal enterprises (FOIEs) in India. There has been a dearth of studies particularly targeting determinants of credit access by the women-owned informal enterprises. Demand side factors affecting financial access have been studied. The study of major factors affecting access to credit by unorganized women enterprises will be useful for policy making perspectives. Design/methodology/approach The study uses nationalized micro data set on the non-agricultural informal enterprises and probit estimation has been used to identify the factors which affect the probabilities of access to credit for the FOIEs. Findings The study highlights what facilitates and hinders the financial access for the FOIEs particularly in India. These enterprises in rural areas have better chances to avail credit from formal sources. Firm size, measured by policy-making size of employment and gross profit, involvement in diversified activities, maintenance of accounting record, has positive and significant impact on access to formal credit. The younger firms and the firms operating in the southern states of the country have higher probabilities to avail credit from institutional sources. Originality/value The study used the latest data set available on Indian informal enterprises, thus provides important insights about the status of financing of enterprises in India. This study highlights the regional variations and gender disparities that are prevalent in the Indian economy.

scholarly journals Start-ups, bearers of innovation in globalizing environment and their valuation

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Veronika Achimská
Keyword(s):  
Significant Degree ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Business Valuation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Start Up ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Uniform Valuation ◽  
Start Ups

The paper presents chosen methods of star-up valuation. In the context of globalization, innovations are clearly bearers of a potential enterprises’ competitiveness, start-ups are consider as their most important sources. Start-ups are mainly based on the human capital designed to create novel products, services, processes, and bring them to the markets. The basic precondition for meaningful growth of start-ups is favourable business environment (legal and administrative point of view) and framework supporting innovative entrepreneurship including access to external sources of financing. Start-ups are investments with a significant degree of uncertainty, lacking any characteristics pointing to their financial and economic performance from a historical perspective, which restricts the use of “traditional” business valuation methods. It should also be pointed out that, as there is no uniform valuation for maturity enterprises, there is no uniform procedure for valuing of a business even in the case of start-ups. The presented approaches take into account decisive criteria of start-ups, including a life cycle of a start-up in which an investment is made, and other factors affecting valuation. Their use from a theoretical point of view is generalized, the practical use is already determined by specific conditions under which the valuation takes place.

scholarly journals Examples of financing innovative projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (30) ◽  
pp. 85-102
Author(s):  
Joanna Wodzyńska ◽  
Rafał Czyżewski
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
The Self ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
The Impact

This article was written in order to characterize the innovative activity of enterprises in terms of its financing sources. Obtaining sufficient fundsis a basic requirement for undertaking any investment activ- ity and it largely determines the further investment process and related decisions. An analysis of the available sources of financing indicates the interdependence between the innovation’s subject area and the structure of its financing. The functioning of two selected companies dealing with the implementation of innovative products will serve as an illustration of both the theoretical and practical aspects of financing innovative projects. Design and methodology The paper hypothesizes that the financing of modern innovations requires flexible conditions and high level of capital,as verified by literature review and analysis of innovative products and companies. The article consists of three parts. The first defines the concept of innovation and characterizes individual types of innovation: technological, organizational and social. Also discussed are the characteristic features of the phenomenon of innovation, the conditions shaping itand the impact it has on economic growth. The second part is a review of existing sources of capital and methods of raising it through market and public instruments. Also discussed are the conditions for the use of individual instruments, depend- ing on the stage of enterprise development, as well as their potential advantages and limitations from the entrepreneur’s point of view. The third part analyzes innovative products and companies responsible for their creation and devel- opment: the self-driving vehicle created by the American company Tesla Inc. and a thermographic tester for oncological diagnostics created by the Polish company BRASTER. Findings and implications Innovation belongs to the developing field of economy and economics. Statistical and econometric studies prove that, due to the significant risk level, innovation needs to be stimulated. Its development has a positive impact both on GDP growth and living conditions. However, in order to keep up with the technological frontier, it is necessary to under take appropriate actions serving to reduce the technological gap. This is why financing innovation is a complex process, requiring a flexible approach. And there is a considerable variety of financial instruments dedicated to innovations offered by market entities and by state institutions. This theoretical work is illustrated with examples of companies implementing technologically sophisticated products. Tesla Inc. finances work on the self-driving vehicle by increasing operational obligations, issuing debt securities, additional capital contributions and even the sale of CO2 emission rights. On the other hand, BRASTER SA, while working on introducing the oncological tester on the market, accumulated capital as a result of large issues of shares and taking out bank loans, which indicates that the company is just learning investment processes.

scholarly journals Determinants of access to bank finance for small and medium-sized enterprises: The case of Shri Lanka

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-409
Author(s):  
Pandula Gamage
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
Enterprise Survey

This paper examines what determines access to bank finance in small and medium-sized enterprises in Sri Lanka. The empirical evidence for this study is drawn from the Sri Lanka Enterprise Survey data set obtained from the World Bank. The logistic regression is used to analyse the data. This study found that access to bank finance is largely determined by location of the firm, availability of audited financial statements and the owner-manager’s perception ofaccess to finance. This paper can helppolicy makers make informed decisions to articulate policies, to develop training programmes, and to design support systems that can positively address the factors affecting access to bank finance forSMEs in Sri Lanka.

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