scholarly journals The January 2014 Flashflood in the Ambato River (Catamarca, Argentina)- A Case Study of Megaboulders Fluvial Transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 3150-3166
Author(s):  
Moshe Inbar ◽  
Julio A. Costello ◽  
Jorge Eremchuk
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Bedload Transport ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Stream Power ◽  
The Village

Megaboulders mantle the steep channels of mountainous rivers, and moderate incision rates by increasing channel roughness. Direct measurement of the transport of boulders in natural rivers is difficult, therefore there are few field studies on the subject. The transportation of megaboulders downslope in catastrophic floods in urban environments releases a destructive power. This study analyses the Ambato river flood that occurred in Argentina in January 2014 with an assumed recurrence interval of 1:100 years. The flood was caused by concentrated rainfall in the upper basin, at an elevation of 4000 m. The Ambato river forms a boulder alluvial fan drained by episodic floods. The 2014 flood caused casualties and economic losses in the village of El Rodeo in the province of Catamarca. Several houses and a bridge were destroyed and vehicles were swept away. All bedload sizes- including megaboulders with 2000 mm b-axis- were transported during the flood. The empirical equation for stream power value and the unit bedload transport rate of megaboulders were validated. An assessment of boulder mobility is necessary to mitigate flow hazards in mountainous urban areas. The effects of climate change in semi-arid environments would be greater if they involved increased precipitation or more extreme rainstorms due to events such as El Niṅo.

Understanding the Role of Urban Morphology and Green Areas Configuration During Heat Waves

2020 ◽  
pp. 502-517
Author(s):  
Marialuce Stanganelli ◽  
Carlo Gerundo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Planning Strategies

This paper focuses on urban planning strategies to adapt cities to the increasing rising of temperatures during summer heat waves. The main target is to investigate which configuration and distribution pattern of green spaces could effectively improve natural cooling of urban environments. Although the benefit that green areas give to natural cooling is well known, this kind of studies has hardly been carried out, especially at an urban scale where it is crucial to define quantities and density of green areas to address open spaces design. To reach this goal, a methodology based on the interpretation of the statistical correlation among temperature, urban parameters and green areas configurational indicators was implemented and applied to the case study of the Municipality of Naples, performing all the analysis in a GIS. Results provide guidelines to improve natural cooling in urban areas adopting the most effective configuration and distribution of green areas within a densely-built context.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Reduction of CO2 Emissions in Urban Environments by Replacing Conventional City Buses by Electric Bus Fleets: Spain Case Study

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin R. Grijalva ◽  
José María López Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Electric Bus

The emissions of CO2 gas caused by transport in urban areas are increasingly serious, and the public transport sector plays a vital role in society, especially when considering the increased demands for mobility. New energy technologies in urban mobility are being introduced, as evidenced by the electric vehicle. We evaluated the positive environmental effects in terms of CO2 emissions that would be produced by the replacement of conventional urban transport bus fleets by electric buses. The simulation of an electric urban bus conceptual model is presented as a case study. The model is validated using the speed and height profiles of the most representative route within the city of Madrid—the C1 line. We assumed that the vehicle fleet is charged using the electric grid at night, when energy demand is low, the cost of energy is low, and energy is produced with a large provision of renewable energy, principally wind power. For the results, we considered the percentage of fleet replacement and the Spanish electricity mix. The analysis shows that by gradually replacing the current fleet of buses by electric buses over 10 years (2020 to 2030), CO2 emissions would be reduced by up to 92.6% compared to 2018 levels.

scholarly journals Non-urban area ownership structure. Case study of Southern Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Glowacka ◽  
Jaroslaw Janus ◽  
Piotr Bożek
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Relational Model ◽  
Land Fragmentation ◽  
Ownership Structures ◽  
The Village

Abstract The study shows a possible way of analyzing the diversity of ownership forms in non-urban areas, with particular focus on land co-ownership. The data in cadastral databases was processed with the use of the relational model which applied information on the geometry of areal spatial objects and descriptive attributes. The paper presents also the results of the analysis of Nowy Sącz District with the area of 1.550 sq.km and containing approximately 200.000 parcels. The area is representative for many countries in Central and Eastern Europe, where unfavorable land fragmentation indices and complex ownership structures complicate investing processes and development of rural areas what results in progressive degradation of agricultural and cultural landscape. The results indicate that the co-ownership phenomenon affects 13% of parcels in the study area. However, it varies greatly depending on the village and ranges from 3 to 67% of total parcels number. Suggested methods of analyzing the ownership structure are of universal character. In spite of this, when used during analyses conducted in other countries, certain modifications are required. It is mainly caused by the differences in cadastral data models used in those countries.

scholarly journals Komunikasi Sosial Capital Sebagai Dakwah Kultural pada Masyarakat Islam di Pelosok Desa

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Supriyo Wira
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Community Organization ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Village Community ◽  
The Status ◽  
Village Communities ◽  
The Village

Indonesia needs to have social capital so that groups living in a society consisting of approximately 500 ethnic groups can unite. Every ethnicity has the potential to maintain its culture and territory. Moreover, Indonesia is a country where most of the population lives in rural areas and only a small part lives in urban areas. With the lack of economic development and education in the rural villages, the information flowing in the villages is not as fast and significant as in the cities. Even the da'i (preachers) have to fight harder to gain trust, so that they can provide precise and accurate religious information to the village community. This study discusses deeper on how Social Capital communication as a cultural da'wah can touch the community, especially in rural areas, to absorb religious information properly and correctly. This case study employs literature review method in collecting the data. The descriptive approach employed in this study also helps investigate the status of the existing factors and then looks at the relationship between one factor and another. Human resources or human capital is a very important and strategic capital in the life of a community organization. This is especially in terms of how a preacher as a communicator can convey his da'wah message to the village community, with a cultural and belief approach. Such way of communication is what makes the village communities easier to accept the da'wah activities since they are based on trust, mutual understanding and shared values. In addition, the communicators also convey all information about religion according to the existing culture and beliefs.

scholarly journals Pengelolaan Dana Desa di Kecamatan Balong Kabupaten Ponorogo

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Maretha Berlianantiya Muhammad Ridwan Eka Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

<p><em>Poverty often occurs in rural areas rather than urban areas, low education which results in low quality of human resources and lack of access is often the cause of rural poverty. In addition, most of the economies of rural communities rely solely on the traditional agricultural sector. Various poverty reduction policies have been implemented, including village fund policies. This study aims to examine the management of village funds in the Balong sub-district of Madiun Regency with a case study in the villages of Tatung and Karangmojo villages covering the management of village funds in Tatung village and Karangmojo village. Balong Subdistrict and the impact of empowerment in the villages of Tatung and Karangmojo, Balong District. This research was conducted in Balong Subdistrict, Ponorogo Regency with a Case study in Tatung Village and Karangmojo Village with qualitative methods. In the village of Tatung village funds are managed as tourist villages with a focus on Paragliding tourist rides. Whereas in Karangmojo village it is used for Bumdes in the form of Lovebird birds, providing Gapoktan assistance, and infrastructure development.</em></p>

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of the Debris Flow Societal Risk to People Inside Buildings at Different Times: A Case Study of Luomo Village, Sichuan, Southwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wei ◽  
Kaiheng Hu ◽  
Jin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Societal Risk ◽  
Flow Intensity ◽  
The Village

Debris flows, which cause massive economic losses and tragic losses of life every year, represent serious threats to settlements in mountainous areas. Most deaths caused by debris flows in China occur in buildings, and the death toll is strongly dependent on the time people spend indoors. However, the role of time spent indoors in the quantitative analysis of debris flow risk has been studied only scarcely. We chose Luomo village in Sichuan atop a debris flow alluvial fan to study the influence of the temporal variation in the presence of people inside buildings on the societal risk. Two types of days (holidays vs. workdays) and two diurnal periods (daytime vs. nighttime) were considered in our risk evaluation model. A questionnaire survey was conducted for each family in the village, and the probability of the temporal impact of a debris flow on every household was calculated based on the average amount of time each member spent in the house. The debris flow hazard was simulated with FLO-2D to obtain the debris flow intensity and run-out map with return periods of 2, 10, 50, and 100 years. The risk to buildings and societal risk to residents were calculated quantitatively based on the probabilities of debris flow occurrence, the probability of the spatial impact, and the vulnerabilities of buildings and people. The results indicated that societal risk on holidays is always higher than that on weekdays, and societal risk at night is also much higher than that in the daytime, suggesting that the risk to life on holidays and at night is an important consideration. The proposed method permits us to obtain estimates of the probable economic losses and societal risk to people by debris flows in rural settlements and provides a basis for decision-making in the planning of mitigation countermeasures.

Sustainable Desert Development: A Case Study of Al Jazeera Al Hamra

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar Zarifa
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Al Jazeera ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Coastal Landscapes ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

"The commercial developments lining the coasts of the Arabian Peninsula that have emerged within the past decade have various implications for the environment, economy, and society as a whole. In particular, this paper is interested in the relationship between residents’ perceptions of the coastal landscapes that are being created and the effects of such extensive developments, including their demands on water. Less than 50 years ago, this arid region consisted of a few tribes who collected water from nearby wells and springs. After the rise of the oil industry in the 1970s, however, the United Arab Emirates’ growing population and burgeoning economy introduced desalination plants to sustain the people and irrigate lush landscapes, which require significant amounts of energy and infrastructure. Located in Ras Al Khaimah, Al Jazeera Al Hamra is one of the only full standing abandoned villages in the Gulf region and carries a rich history and once critical coastal location. This paper will profile the village as a prototype for coastal developments in arid environments. Inspired by the traditional practices of the region’s inhabitants, this paper introduces a design model that integrates several factors. These include the types of visual references represented in the Gulf region, people’s contemporary lifestyles, water saving techniques, and the effects of these proposals on the surrounding environment."

scholarly journals Rockfall monitoring by Terrestrial Laser Scanning – case study of the basaltic rock face at Castellfollit de la Roca (Catalonia, Spain)

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 829-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Abellán ◽  
J. M. Vilaplana ◽  
J. Calvet ◽  
D. García-Sellés ◽  
E. Asensio
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Basaltic Rock ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Rock Face ◽  
The Village

Abstract. This case study deals with a rock face monitoring in urban areas using a Terrestrial Laser Scanner. The pilot study area is an almost vertical, fifty meter high cliff, on top of which the village of Castellfollit de la Roca is located. Rockfall activity is currently causing a retreat of the rock face, which may endanger the houses located at its edge. TLS datasets consist of high density 3-D point clouds acquired from five stations, nine times in a time span of 22 months (from March 2006 to January 2008). The change detection, i.e. rockfalls, was performed through a sequential comparison of datasets. Two types of mass movement were detected in the monitoring period: (a) detachment of single basaltic columns, with magnitudes below 1.5 m3 and (b) detachment of groups of columns, with magnitudes of 1.5 to 150 m3. Furthermore, the historical record revealed (c) the occurrence of slab failures with magnitudes higher than 150 m3. Displacements of a likely slab failure were measured, suggesting an apparent stationary stage. Even failures are clearly episodic, our results, together with the study of the historical record, enabled us to estimate a mean detachment of material from 46 to 91.5 m3 year−1. The application of TLS considerably improved our understanding of rockfall phenomena in the study area.

scholarly journals Port Cities within Port Regions: Shaping Complex Urban Environments in Gdańsk Bay, Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
Karolina A. Krośnicka ◽  
Piotr Lorens ◽  
Eliza Michałowska
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
The Creation

Port cities located within various metropolitan or functional regions face very different development scenarios. This applies not only to entire municipalities but also to particular areas that play important roles in urban development—including ports as well as their specialized parts. This refers also to the various types of maritime industries, including the processing of goods, logistics operations, shipbuilding, or ship repairing, to name just a few. Since each of these activities is associated with a different location, any transformation process that creates changes in geographic borders or flows will dynamically affect the port cityscape. Municipalities may evolve in different directions, becoming ‘major maritime hubs,’ ‘secondary service centers,’ ‘specialized waterfront cities,’ or just distressed urban areas. Within each metropolitan area, one can find several cities evolving in one of the above-mentioned directions, which results in the creation of a specific regional mosaic of various types of port cities. These create specific ‘port regions’ with specific roles assigned to each of these and shape the new (regional) dimension of the geography of borders and flows. As a result, these port regions are created as porous structures where space is discontinuous. To further develop the issue of the creation and evolution of port regions, the authors present the case study of the Gdańsk Bay port region. This study in particular allowed for the development of both the theoretical background of this phenomenon and the presentation of a real-life example.

scholarly journals Optimized indoor daylight for tropical dense urban environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Gonçalves dos Santos ◽  
Thomas Auer ◽  
Roberta Vieira Gonçalves de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Cardinal Directions ◽  
Daylight Performance ◽  
Sky Conditions

Abstract Studies using metrics related to dynamic sky conditions for indoor daylight performance assessment in urban environment are rare in tropical latitudes. This study applied one of these metrics, the spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA 300,50% ≥75%, IES LM 83-12) for Cuiabá (15ºS, 56ºW, Brazil), a savanna climate city with a high frequency of partly cloudy skies. Parametric simulations were used to investigate the availability of daylight in dense urban areas. So daylight conditions inside a reference room with varied depths located within a continuous urban canyon were simulated with Radiance/Daysim in Grasshopper/Honeybee. Dimensions of the street and heights of front buildings (obstructions) are also varied in order to observe the relation between the sky angle and the sDA, for the four main cardinal directions. The results of regression analysis for this case study showed that among all evaluated parameters, room depth tended to be the most relevant for the optimization of indoor daylight. Finally, limitations of this approach and opportunities for further investigations were discussed.

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