Evaluation of the frequency of fasting and postprandial hyperlipidemia in healthy Schnauzers and of hepatic changes and insulin resistance in hyperlipidemic Schnauzers

2018 ◽  
Vol XXIII (137) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Marcela Fuzeti Gonçalves Netto ◽  
Gabryella Fraga Ramos Mello ◽  
Viviani De Marco
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Glucocorticoid Therapy ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Frequent Form ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Primary Hyperlipidemia ◽  
Mixed Hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia in dogs can be primary or secondary. Secondary hyperlipidemia is the most frequent form, and it is associated to endocrine disorders, obesity, and glucocorticoid therapy. Primary hypertriglyceridemia of Miniature Schnauzers is a well-known condition and may predispose to the development of pancreatitis, diabetes, liver and neurological disorders. The goal of this study was to identify the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in 55 asymptomatic Miniature Schnauzers, and the frequency of hepatic changes and insulin resistance in hyperlipidemic dogs. Of the 55 dogs in the study, 56.4% had primary hyperlipidemia. In 23.6% of these cases, the hyperlipidemia was characterized by isolated hypertriglyceridemia, while isolated hypercholesterolemia was present in 20% of the cases. Mixed hyperlipidemia was observed in 12.7% of hyperlipidemic dogs. Hypertriglyceridemia was considered mild in 21/8% of the cases, and moderate to severe in 14.5% of them. Serum ALT was elevated in 32.3% of hyperlipidemic dogs and serum AF was elevated in 38.7% of the cases. Insulin resistance was observed in 90.3% of hyperlipidemic dogs. Given the high prevalence of hyperlipidemia in our sample, and the observed metabolic changes in hyperlipidemic dogs, we suggest that all Miniature Schnauzers are screened for hyperlipidemia as an aid to early diagnosis of this disorder and prevention of complications.

Musical Anhedonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Sara E. Holm ◽  
Alexander Schmidt ◽  
Christoph J. Ploner
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Precise Information ◽  
Exact Localization ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract. Some people, although they are perfectly healthy and happy, cannot enjoy music. These individuals have musical anhedonia, a condition which can be congenital or may occur after focal brain damage. To date, only a few cases of acquired musical anhedonia have been reported in the literature with lesions of the temporo-parietal cortex being particularly important. Even less literature exists on congenital musical anhedonia, in which impaired connectivity of temporal brain regions with the Nucleus accumbens is implicated. Nonetheless, there is no precise information on the prevalence, causes or exact localization of both congenital and acquired musical anhedonia. However, the frequent involvement of temporo-parietal brain regions in neurological disorders such as stroke suggest the possibility of a high prevalence of this disorder, which leads to a considerable reduction in the quality of life.

Metabolic Syndrome and Prediabetes Fail to Detect a High Prevalence of Early Insulin Resistance—The PREMIER Study

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1534-P
Author(s):  
DAVID P. CISTOLA ◽  
ALOK K. DWIVEDI ◽  
JAMY D. ARD
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Prevalence

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in pre-pubertal children with psoriasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Caroppo ◽  
Alfonso Galderisi ◽  
Laura Ventura ◽  
Anna Belloni Fortina
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model

AbstractPsoriasis in adults is associated with an increased risk of metabolic disease. Various cardiometabolic comorbidities have been reported in childhood psoriasis, but only a few studies have analyzed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. We performed a single-center prospective study investigating the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in children with psoriasis. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was evaluated in 60 pre-pubertal children with psoriasis (age: 3–10 years), accordingly to recently established criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in children. Insulin resistance was considered altered when the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) for insulin resistance was ≥ 90th sex- and age-specific percentile and HOMA 2-IR was > 1.8. Eighteen (30%) children with psoriasis were found to have metabolic syndrome. Sixteen (27%) children were found to have insulin resistance.Conclusion: Our data underline the importance of assessing metabolic syndrome not only in adults and adolescents but also in young children with psoriasis. What is Known:• Psoriasis in adults is strongly associated with metabolic disease and insulin resistance.• Very limited data are available on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in pre-pubertal children with psoriasis. What is New:• This study reports that in pre-pubertal children with psoriasis, there is a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.• In children with psoriasis metabolic syndrome risk factors should be assessed.

scholarly journals High prevalence of low HDL cholesterol concentrations and mixed hyperlipidemia in a Mexican nationwide survey

2001 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1298-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas ◽  
Gustavo Olaiz ◽  
Victoria Valles ◽  
Juan Manuel Ríos Torres ◽  
Francisco J. Gómez Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Mixed Hyperlipidemia

scholarly journals Incidence of diabetes in South Asian young adults compared to Pima Indians

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e001988
Author(s):  
K M Venkat Narayan ◽  
Dimple Kondal ◽  
Sayuko Kobes ◽  
Lisa R Staimez ◽  
Deepa Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Pima Indians ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indian Men ◽  
Design And Methods

IntroductionSouth Asians (SA) and Pima Indians have high prevalence of diabetes but differ markedly in body size. We hypothesize that young SA will have higher diabetes incidence than Pima Indians at comparable body mass index (BMI) levels.Research design and methodsWe used prospective cohort data to estimate age-specific, sex, and BMI-specific diabetes incidence in SA aged 20–44 years living in India and Pakistan from the Center for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia Study (n=6676), and compared with Pima Indians, from Pima Indian Study (n=1852).ResultsAt baseline, SA were considerably less obese than Pima Indians (BMI (kg/m2): 24.4 vs 33.8; waist circumference (cm): 82.5 vs 107.0). Age-standardized diabetes incidence (cases/1000 person-years, 95% CI) was lower in SA than in Pima Indians (men: 14.2, 12.2–16.2 vs 37.3, 31.8–42.8; women: 14.8, 13.0–16.5 vs 46.1, 41.2–51.1). Risk of incident diabetes among 20–24-year-old Pima men and women was six times (relative risk (RR), 95% CI: 6.04, 3.30 to 12.0) and seven times (RR, 95% CI: 7.64, 3.73 to 18.2) higher as compared with SA men and women, respectively. In those with BMI <25 kg/m2, however, the risk of diabetes was over five times in SA men than in Pima Indian men. Among those with BMI ≥30 kg/m2, diabetes incidence in SA men was nearly as high as in Pima men. SA and Pima Indians had similar magnitude of association between age, sex, BMI, and insulin secretion with diabetes. The effect of family history was larger in SA, whereas that of insulin resistance was larger in Pima IndiansConclusionsIn the background of relatively low insulin resistance, higher diabetes incidence in SA is driven by poor insulin secretion in SA men. The findings call for research to improve insulin secretion in early natural history of diabetes.

scholarly journals SPECIAL ASPECTS OF MISCARRIAGE IN WOMEN WITH RECCURENT MISCARRIAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Muntyan ◽  
Olga Bulavenko
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Sequential Action ◽  
Female Genital

Missing pregnancy is a consequence of the simultaneous or sequential action of several factors. The main causes of miscarriage and spontaneous interruption of pregnancy include: genetic factors, endocrine disorders, immune and infectious factors, congenital and acquired diseases of female genital organs. In almost 50% of women, it is not impossible to determine the reason of miscarriage, so the question of early diagnosis and prevention of this condition is quite acute.Materials and methods. In this study, we performed a pathohistological study of the deciduum in order to determine the etiological factor of the pathology of implantation of the embryo and placentation. The study included 88 women with a diagnosis of "recurrent miscarriage" that met the criteria for inclusion and exclusion.Results of research. In the study group, the age of women was from 19 to 35 years old (mean age was 27.6±4.1 years old). The abortion was observed at differentst ages of pregnancy, more often during the period of 4-9 weeks of gestation (67 cases – 76.14%). According to the results of the histopathological study of decidouum lymphohistiocytic infiltration was revealed in the stroma of villi in 62 cases (70.45%), other changes were less common.Conclusions and perspectives of further research. The obtained data indicate that the determination of the etiologic factor of miscarriage of the pregnancy, especially in women with a diagnosis "Reccurent miscarriage of obscure etiology", will allow to predict the development of the pathology of implantation and placentation in subsequent pregnancies.Prospects for further research are to develop adequate preparation before pregnancy and prevention of the pathology of implantation and placentation.

scholarly journals Vitamin B12 deficiency: metabolic effects, clinical evaluation, and treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Synara Cavalcante Lopes ◽  
Daniel Duarte Gadelha ◽  
Manuela Dias de Carvalho ◽  
Virgínia Oliveira Fernandes ◽  
Renan Magalhães Montenegro Junior
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Composition Changes

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble essential micronutrient, required by all the body cells. Its deficiency has been implicated not only in hematological and neurological disorders, but also in many metabolic processes, such as insulin resistance and body composition changes, which have aroused particular interest in recent years. This study reviews the physiology of vitamin B12 from its digestion and absorption to its distribution in tissues, metabolic effects and controversies regarding the diagnosis of deficiency, and to dietary and pharmacological treatments.

scholarly journals Prevalence and structure of foot deformities in primary school children

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
N. I. Averyanova ◽  
V. V. Pristupova ◽  
A. I. Semerikova ◽  
I. L. Starkova
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Foot Deformities ◽  
Main Method ◽  
High Prevalence

Aim. To study the prevalence and structure of deformity of the foot in primary school children (pupils of the 1st- 4th grades). Materials and methods. The study involved 277 children aged 7-10 years. The main method of investigation used was computed plantography by means of electronic baropodometer PadProfessional. Results. Deformity of the foot was detected in 58% of children 65.3% of boys and 52.3% of girls (p 0.05). The following pathology was revealed: platypodia, increase in the load on the calcaneal part of the foot and malposition of the foot. The most common pathology was platypodia diagnosed in 28.2% of children. Conclusions. High prevalence of foot deformities requires their early diagnosis and correction as well as improvement of parents knowledge regarding this problem.

scholarly journals Association of occlusal wear facets in patients with temporomandibular disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1060-1068
Author(s):  
Faazila Fathima ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorder ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Index Data ◽  
Occlusal Wear ◽  
High Prevalence

Occlusal changes were important factors in temporomandibular disorder (TMD). It is of interest to evaluate the association of occlusal wear facets in TMD patients. We used a dataset of 49 patients with and without TMD for this study. Occlusal wear facets were evaluated using Smith and Knight tooth wear index. Data shows that teeth wear was present more in patients with TMD (55%). The age group 26-40 years showed high prevalence of teeth wear (grade1) in TMD patients (P value = 0.034). TMD was present more in females than males. Female (54%) patients with TMD showed more teeth wear compared to males. Most patients with TMD showed posterior teeth wear (61%) than generalized teeth wear. Thus, association was present between occlusal teeth wear and TMD patients especially in the age group of 26-40 years. Hence, proper evaluation of occlusal factors will aid in early diagnosis of TMDs.

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to Autoimmune Neurologic Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 392-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eoin Flanagan ◽  
A. López-Chiriboga
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Careful Monitoring ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Neurologic Function

AbstractThe field of autoimmune neurology is evolving rapidly. The discovery of autoantibodies that target neural antigens has expanded swiftly in the last decade. Recognition of the clinical syndromes associated with autoimmune neurologic disorders, and our understanding of the pathophysiology, has progressed significantly. Radiographic, electrophysiological, and laboratory testing (particularly neural autoantibody testing) are fundamental in the diagnosis of autoimmune neurological disorders and in the exclusion of mimics. Furthermore, investigations may serve as a baseline from which objective assessment of improvement or detection of relapse can be made. These disorders can be associated with underlying neoplasms, and screening for malignancy is an essential component of the investigations. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of immunotherapy can improve neurologic function. The use of immunotherapy, however, can be associated with diverse side effects, and careful monitoring is crucial to prevent complications. Herein the authors address the diagnostic and treatment approach of autoimmune neurologic disorders, with particular focus on antibody-mediated neurologic autoimmunity.

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