EVALUATION OF TOXICITY IN SURGICAL STEEL PANS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEINA MOUTINHO TAVARES ◽  
Jorge Tadeu de Freitas ◽  
Anderson Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Moutinho Andrade de Souza ◽  
Walter da Silva Junior
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Acid Medium ◽  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Steel Pan ◽  
Metal Contents

This research aims to verify if the water heated in a surgical steel pan has metal contents since few studies are found involving this type of pot. The results have shown that only Al levels showed levels at the limit and above the values recommended by the Ministry of Health Consolidation Ordinance 5 / XX / 2017 after 40 h of discontinuous heating. This may have been caused by the pH between 4-5 of the deionized and drinking water used for heating. It is known that most metals are soluble in the acidic medium and, therefore, Al can be transferred to food. This shows that the level of salt contamination in foods heated continuously in these pans in an acid medium will most likely be significant and harmful. Thus, the intake of food prepared continuously in these pans may develop serious illnesses in people, such as Alzheimer s and Parkinson s. since metals, including Al, are cumulative in organisms and can cause pathogenic disturbances in humans

Lead removal from drinking water - development and validation of point-of-use treatment devices

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
R. Sublet ◽  
A. Boireau ◽  
V.X. Yang ◽  
M.-O. Simonnot ◽  
C. Autugelle
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Lead Removal ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Taste And Odor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Safety Considerations

Two lead removal water filters were developed to lower lead levels in drinking water below 10 μg.L-1 in order to meet the new regulation given by the European Directive 98-83, applicable in December 2013. An appropriate adsorbent was selected through a stringent research program among a wide range of media, and is composed of a synthetic zeolite and an activated carbon. Two prototypes were developed: the first is a faucet-mounted filter which contains a fixed bed of the adsorbent and a hollow fiber bundle, while the second is an under-sink cartridge made of a porous extruded block of carbon and adsorbent. Both are able to treat at least 1,000 litres of any water containing on average 100 to 150 μg Pb.L-1, by lowering the lead concentration below 10 μg.L-1. Once their safety considerations were addressed by an independent laboratory according to the French Ministry of Health recommendations, 20 prototypes were installed at consumers' taps in northeastern France. Their performance in terms of lead removal, HPC control and bad taste and odor reduction was followed for 6 months. This field testing program resulted in the validation of both prototypes which meet the new French Ministry of Health recommendations and assures that the filtered water is fully ED 98-83 compliant. Their commercialization will be launched first in France in middle 2002.

scholarly journals A Study of Mild Steel Corrosion UsingAdhatoda Vasica(AV) Extract as Inhibitor in Different Acid Medium

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1284-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Matheswaran ◽  
A. K. Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Acid Medium ◽  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Mixed Type ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Adhatoda Vasica ◽  
Mild Steel Corrosion ◽  
Inhibitive Action

Corrosion behavior of mild steel in acidic medium usingAdhatoda Vasica(AV) extract was investigated. The inhibitive effective ofAdhatoda Vasicaon the corrosion of mild steel in different acidic medium has been studied by weight loss and polarization methods. The Ecorrvalues are shifted slightly towards negative side in presence of inhibitors which indicate the inhibitors inhibit the corrosion of mild steel in acids solution by controlling both anodic and cathodic reactions due to the blocking of active sites on the metal surface. It is evident that inhibitors bring about considerable polarization of the cathode as well as anode. It was, therefore, inferred that the inhibitive action is of mixed type.

Integrated System to Biological Solubilization and Precipitation of Heavy Metals

2007 ◽  
Vol 20-21 ◽  
pp. 279-282
Author(s):  
G. Cabrera ◽  
José Manuel Gómez ◽  
Domingo Cantero
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Acid Medium ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Continuous Processes ◽  
Column Reactor ◽  
Sulphate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Biological Solubilization ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The work consists on the study of a sulphur–oxidizing bacteria (At. thiooxidans) immobilisation over polyurethane foam and the integration of two continuous processes: the solubilization of heavy metals by acidic medium generated by sulphur-oxidizing bacteria and the subsequent precipitation of metals as sulphides with H2S biologically generated by sulphate-reducing bacteria (Desulfovibrio sp). At. thiooxidans was satisfactory immobilised over polyurethane foam and added to a column reactor. Acidic medium generated was added to a column with 50 g of an artificial contaminated sand (85 mg Cr(III), 20 mg Ni(II), 200 mg Zn(II)). The effluent of this step was collected in a reservoir tank, in which H2S from sulphate-reducing reactor was included to carry out the precipitation of metals. After 2.4 l of acid medium was passed through the column, it was observed that 14.6% of Cr(III), 26.7% of Ni(II) and 90.5% of Zn(II) were solubilized. The leachate was treated with 2.2 l of reducing medium, and 2.2% Cr(III),54% Ni(II) and 28% Zn(II) were precipitated.

scholarly journals Chronic Exposure to Cadmium Disrupts the Adrenal Gland Activity of the NewtTriturus carnifex(Amphibia, Urodela)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flaminia Gay ◽  
Vincenza Laforgia ◽  
Ivana Caputo ◽  
Carla Esposito ◽  
Marilena Lepretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Human Health ◽  
European Community ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Ministry Of Health

We intended to verify the safety of the freshwater values established for cadmium by the European Community and the Italian Ministry of Health in drinking water (5 μg/L) and sewage waters (20 μg/L). Therefore, we chronically exposed the newtTriturus carnifexto 5 μg/L and 20 μg/L doses of cadmium, respectively, during 3 and 9 months and verified the effects on the adrenal gland. We evaluated the serum concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone, aldosterone, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. During the 3-month exposure, both doses of cadmium decreased ACTH and corticosterone serum levels and increased aldosterone and epinephrine serum levels. During the 9-month exposure, the 5 μg/L dose decreased ACTH and increased aldosterone and epinephrine serum levels; the 20 μg/L dose decreased norepinephrine and epinephrine serum levels, without affecting the other hormones. It was concluded that (1) chronic exposure to the safety values established for cadmium disrupted the adrenal gland activity and (2) the effects of cadmium were related both to the length of exposure and the dose administered. Moreover, our results suggest probable risks to human health, due to the use of water contaminated by cadmium.

scholarly journals Substrate Inhibition in Ruthenium(III) Catalyzed Oxidation of Propane-1,3-diol by Periodate in Acidic Medium: A Kinetic Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1569-1575
Author(s):  
K.V.S. Koteswara Rao ◽  
R. Venkata Nadh ◽  
K. Venkata Ratnam
Keyword(s):  
Acid Medium ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Substrate Inhibition ◽  
Potassium Periodate ◽  
First Order ◽  
Plausible Mechanism ◽  
Aqueous Perchloric Acid ◽  
Catalyzed Oxidation

Ruthenium(III) catalyzed oxidation of propane-1,3-diol by potassium periodate was studied in aqueous perchloric acid medium. Orders of reaction with respect to concentrations of oxidant, substrate, acid and catalyst were determined. First order in oxidant and catalyst concentrations, and inverse fractional order in acid medium were observed. In addition, substrate inhibition (i.e. a decrease in reaction rate with an increase in substrate concentration) was observed. Effect of addition of salt and solvent was studied. Based on the studies of temperature variation, Arrhenius parameters were calculated. Plausible mechanism was also proposed based on observed kinetics.

scholarly journals Implementation of a nationwide Waterborne disease outbreak surveillance system in France

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Mouly ◽  
J Pouey ◽  
C Galey ◽  
J Chesneau ◽  
G Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Water System ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Voluntary Reporting ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Environmental Criteria ◽  
Drinking Water System

Abstract Issue/Problem Waterborne disease outbreaks (WBDOs) remain a public health issue in developed countries, but to date the surveillance of WBDOs in France, mainly based on the voluntary reporting of clusters of acute gastrointestinal infections (AGIs) by general practitioners to health authorities, is characterized by low sensitivity. In this context an integrated and automatized approach to detect WBDO relying on the identification of clusters of medicalized AGI cases sharing a same drinking water networks (DWN) was developed, evaluated in a simulation study and tested in a pilot study by the French National Public Health Agency. Description of the problem Two national big databases support the detection process of potential WBDO: health insurance database for AGI, ministry of health database for drinking water system information. Each detected outbreak has to be investigated regarding environmental criteria during the days before the onset of the outbreak: results on bacterial water monitoring, weather (e.g. heavy rain), technical incidents in the drinking water system (e.g. chlorination breakdown, alarm malfunction). To evaluate the strength of association with drinking water, four levels are proposed based on epidemiological and environmental criteria (strong, probable, possible and undetermined). Results The WBDO surveillance system has been implemented in all french departments since start of 2019 and support by the ministry of health. A web-application, named “EpiGEH”, was also developed to support the surveillance system. A retrospective study between 2010 and 2017 has detected almost 300 to 550 potential WBDO per year while voluntary reporting identified 2 to 3 WBDO each year during the same period. Lessons Such a specific surveillance system should help health authorities to formulate recommendations regarding the management of drinking water systems and propose appropriate preventive measures, in accordance with the water safety plans. Key messages The WBDO surveillance system based from health insurance databases constitutes a daily surveillance system of drinking water quality. The WBDO surveillance system should drastically improve the detection sensitivity by a factor 100 to 200 compared to voluntary reporting.

scholarly journals Determination of Bromate at Trace Level in Sudanese Bottled Drinking Water Using Ion Chromatography

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (s1) ◽  
pp. S283-S293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Musa ◽  
Ibrahim M. Ahmed ◽  
Ismat Atakruni
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ion Chromatography ◽  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Method Detection Limit ◽  
Trace Level ◽  
Anion Exchange Column ◽  
Injection Volume ◽  
Photometric Detection ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water

Bromate ion was determined by ion chromatography with spectro-photometric detection after post column reaction witho-dianisidine reagent in acidic medium. IonPac AS19 anion-exchange column was used with 20 mM sodium hydroxide eluent. The eluent from the column was then allowed to react witho-dianisidine at 60 °C. The developed colour of the final product was measured spectrophotometrically at 450 nm. Linearity of the method was checked up to 200 μg/L by using 200 μL sample injection volume and the linear correlation coefficient was 0.9998. The method detection limit was 0.56 μg/L and the precision was 6.2% at 100 μg/L. The spiked recovery for bromate in water samples was 93%. Interferences from some anionseg. nitrate, chloride and nitrite were studied. The method was applied for the determination of bromate ion in ten sudanese bottled drinking water. Bromate was detected in 60% of the samples at concentrations ranged between 5-169 μg/L.

scholarly journals Release of Cadmium, Lead and Manganese from Unglazed Ceramic Food Containers to Pickled Mustard Greens Juice and Soy Sauce

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. xx-xx
Author(s):  
Nga Vu Thuy ◽  
Minh Vu Thi Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Cadmium Lead

Leaching of toxic elements from containers to food can be a direct threat to human health, especially when they are used to hold highly corrosive foods over a long time. The concern of this study is the leaching of cadmium, lead and manganese from unglazed ceramic containers when holding two leachates, including pickled mustard greens juice and a soy sauce. The containers were randomly collected from four ceramic production facilities in Bat Trang - Hanoi, Nam Sach - Hai Duong, Tien Hai - Thai Binh and Thuan An - Binh Duong, where no standard was employed to control heavy metal contents in raw materials and products. The release of cadmium, lead and manganese from the containers to the leachates were analyzed at 24-hour intervals for six days for pickle juice and at two-month intervals for a year for soy sauce. The results showed that the concentrations of those elements increased non-linearly during the course of the study and increased more rapidly in the more acidic medium. The concentrations of cadmium, lead and manganese in the pickle juice (pH reduced from 4.1 to 2.9) after six days were 80.78, 140.10, and 150.11 ppb, and in the soy sauce (pH stable at 6.1) after twelve months were 11.32, 11.86 and 13.87 ppb, respectively. It suggests that further research on the long-term leaching of toxic elements from containers to highly acidic foods is needed to protect the health of consumers.

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