scholarly journals Medición y comparación de la actitud docente hacia la salud mental en la escuela (Measurement and comparison of teacher attitude towards mental health in school)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 660-671
Author(s):  
Diego García-Álvarez ◽  
Juan Diego Hernández Lalinde ◽  
Yan Ureña Villamizar ◽  
Paula Andrea Suddy Olarte ◽  
Victoria Isabel Medina Azuaje

  El objetivo fue analizar la validez, confiabilidad e invarianza de la Escala de Actitud Docente hacia la Salud Mental en la Escuela, además de comparar sus dimensiones según características sociodemográficas. A nivel metodológico es un estudio instrumental, comparativo, transversal y no experimental integrado por 200 docentes. El instrumento reportó propiedades adecuadas, aunque mostró debilidades en la validez convergente y discriminante. Se hallaron diferencias a favor de las mujeres en las actitudes favorables, así como en los disgustos y expectativas; también a favor del personal docente de instituciones públicas en las actitudes favorables y desfavorables. La escala es apta para medir este constructo, pero debe profundizarse en su dimensionalidad. Abstract. The aim was to analyze the validity, reliability and invariance of the Teacher Attitude towards Mental Health in School Scale, in addition to compare its dimensions according to sociodemographic characteristics. At a methodological level, it’s an instrumental, comparative, cross-sectional and non-experimental study composed of 200 teachers from Maracaibo. The scale reported adequate properties, although it showed weaknesses in convergent and discriminant validity. Differences in favor of women were found in favorable attitudes and in dislikes and expectations; also in favor of public school teachers in favorable and unfavorable attitudes. The scale is suitable to measure this construct in Venezuelan teachers, but it must be deepened in its dimensionality.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hamid Sharif Nia ◽  
Mobin Mohammadinezhad ◽  
Kelly A. Allen ◽  
Christopher Boyle ◽  
Saeed Pahlevan Sharif ◽  
...  

Abstract Objective The spiritual well-being scale (SWBS) is a widely used clinical scale which should be evaluated for Iranian patients with cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the SWBS in Iranian patients with cancer. Method This cross-sectional, methodological study was conducted among Iranian patients with cancer (n = 400). The participants were recruited using convenience sampling. The content, construct, convergent and discriminant validity, and reliability of the Persian version of the SWBS were evaluated. Results A two-factor structure for the scale was indicated with the factors being: connecting with God and meaningless life that explained 54.18% of the total variance of the concept of spiritual well-being. The results demonstrated the model had a good fit. Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and the inter-item correlation values of the factors indicated good internal consistency of the scale. Significance of results These results suggest that the Persian version of the SWBS is a reliable and valid measure to assess the spiritual well-being of patients with cancer through 16 items related to connecting with God and meaningless life.


Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julee McDonagh ◽  
Yenna Salamonson ◽  
Roslyn Prichard ◽  
Sunita R Jha ◽  
Caleb Ferguson ◽  
...  

Introduction: Frailty assessment has become increasingly common in those with heart failure. The most frequently used frailty instrument is the Frailty Phenotype (FP). The validity of this instrument in those with heart failure is yet to be determined. Aim: To examine the convergent and discriminant validity of four frailty instruments: i) the FP ii) a Questionnaire-only version of FP [q-FP]; iii) St. Vincent’s Frailty [SVF]; and iv) the Frailty Instrument for Primary Care of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe [SHARE-FI] for assessing the frailty status of adults with heart failure. Methods: Using a cross-sectional survey design, individuals aged ≥ 18 years, diagnosed with heart failure were recruited from the inpatient cardiology ward and outpatient heart failure clinic of a metropolitan academic hospital. In addition to assessing all items of the frailty instruments, other data collected included: a) NYHA classification; b) quality of life and health status using the EQ-5D-5L; c) physical status using the Australian-modified Karnofsky Performance Scale (AKPS); and d) 10-item Depression in Medically Ill (DMI) measure. Results: A total of 131 participants were recruited and included in the analyses, there were wide variations in frailty status across the four frailty instruments (Figure 1). Inter-correlations were highest between SVF and SHARE-FI instruments ( r = 0.62). The NYHA classification were correlated with SVF ( r = 0.46) and SHARE-FI ( r = 0.42). Similarly, all EQ-5D-5L dimensions were correlated with both SVF and SHARE-FI but not with FP or q-FP. The SVF differentiated between high and low AKPS scores (χ 2 = 11.70, df : 2, p = 0.003) and DMI scores (χ 2 = 7.28, df : 2, p = 0.026). Similarly, the SHARE-FI also had good discriminant validity using AKPS scores (χ 2 = 9.25, df : 2, p = 0.010) and DMI scores (χ 2 = 14.32, df : 2, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The SVF and SHARE-FI demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity. Both instruments provide a valid alternative to the FP for the assessment of frailty in those with heart failure. Figure 1: Classification of frailty categories: FP, Questionnaire-only FP, SVF and SHARE-FI


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ferreira de Almeida Piuchi ◽  
Claudia Barleta ◽  
Juliana Monte Real

Objetivo: analisar a violência de gênero sofrida pelas mulheres usuárias do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, de corte transversal, com 30 mulheres atendidas pelo CAPS AD, que estavam ativas no sistema Registro das Ações Ambulatoriais de Saúde e responderam a um questionário estruturado. Analisaram-se os dados empregando a estatística não paramétrica. Resultados: apresenta-se, pelas mulheres pesquisadas, índice de violência elevada em relação à média nacional. Detalha-se que os fatores que apareceram como agravantes foram raça/cor, escolaridade e moradia, as maiores vítimas: mulheres negras e de escolaridade baixa. Conclusão: agrava-se, pelos fatores sociais, a violência praticada contra as mulheres pesquisadas. Mostra-se, para os agravantes, a necessidade de se incluir discussões nas políticas de combate à violência. Revela-se que o número de denúncia é baixo, assim como a procura por serviços de saúde. Descritores: Violência de Gênero; Saúde mental; Uso de Drogas; CAPS AD; Saúde Pública; Violência contra Mulheres.AbstractObjective: to analyze the gender violence suffered by women, users of the Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study of 30 women treated at CAPS AD, who were active in the Outpatient Health Actions Registry system and answered a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using nonparametric statistics. Results: the surveyed women presented a high level of violence in relation to the national average. It is noted that the factors that appeared as aggravating factors were race / color, education and housing, the biggest victims: black women and low education. Conclusion: the violence against women surveyed is aggravated by social factors. For the aggravating factors, the need to include discussions in the policies to combat violence is shown. The number of complaints is low, as is the demand for health services. Descriptors: Gender Violence; Mental Health; Drug Use; CAPS AD; Public Health; Violence Against Women.ResumenObjetivo: analizar la violencia de género que sufren las mujeres usuarias del Centro de Atención Psicosocial de Alcohol y Drogas. Método: este es un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal con 30 mujeres atendidas por CAPS AD, que estaban activas en el sistema de Registro de Acciones de Salud Ambulatoria y respondieron un cuestionario estructurado. Los datos se analizaron mediante la estadística no paramétrica. Resultados: las mujeres encuestadas presentaron un alto nivel de violencia en relación con el promedio nacional. Cabe señalar que los factores que aparecieron como factores agravantes fueron la raza / color, la educación y la vivienda, las principales víctimas: las mujeres negras y de baja educación. Conclusión: la violencia contra las mujeres encuestadas se ve agravada por factores sociales. Para los factores agravantes, se muestra la necesidad de incluir discusiones en las políticas para combatir la violencia. El número de quejas es bajo, al igual que la demanda de servicios de salud. Descriptores: Violencia de Género; Salud Mental; Uso de Drogas; CAPS AD; Salud Pública; Violencia Contra la Mujer.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Reyna Jazmín Martínez Arriaga ◽  
Leivy Patricia González Ramírez ◽  
Nancy Evelyn Navarro Ruiz ◽  
José María De la Roca -Chiapas ◽  
Oscar Ulises Reynoso González

Introducción: El personal de enfermería es uno de los grupos más afectados por la actual pandemia por COVID-19. Se han reportado problemas de salud mental en esta población, sin embargo, también es importante estudiar la resiliencia, para identificar sus fortalezas. El objetivo de este estudio fue estudiar la resiliencia en enfermeros mexicanos y los factores sociodemográficos y de salud mental asociados a ella. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal.Método: Se envió vía online un cuestionario sociodemográfico y relacionado a COVID-19, así como el Inventario de Resiliencia y el Cuestionario General de Salud-28. Se incluyeron 556 enfermeros, la mayoría fueron mujeres (80%), solteras (60.8%) y con edades entre 26-35 años (38.3%).Resultados: Se encontraron niveles bajos de resiliencia en los enfermeros más jóvenes (p<0.001, ɳ2=0.05), solteros (p<0.001, ɳ2=0.02) y con menor nivel educativo (p=0.001, ɳ2=0.02). Los predictores de resiliencia fueron la búsqueda de información sobre salud mental (β =-0.152, p <0.001), nivel educativo más alto (β = 0.142, p<0.001), niveles bajos de depresión (β=-0.307, p<0.001) y bajos niveles de disfunción social (β =-0.261, p<0.001).Conclusión: Estos hallazgos permiten identificar los factores asociados a la resiliencia en los enfermeros y cómo estos juegan un rol muy importante en su salud mental. Asimismo, estos datos permiten la identificación de grupos con mayor riesgo psicosocial, con la finalidad de guiar estrategias en salud mental orientadas a aumentar la resiliencia. Introduction: Nursing personnel are one of the groups which have been most affected by the current COVID-19 pandemic. Although mental health problems have been reported in this population, it is important to study resilience, in order to identify its strengths. The purpose was to study resilience in Mexican nurses and the mental health and sociodemographic factors associated with it. A cross-sectional study was used. Method: A sociodemographic and COVID-19 related questionnaire, the Resilience Inventory and the General Health Questionnaire-28, was sent via online. 556 nurses were included, the majority were women (80%), single (60.8%), aged between 26-35 years (38.3%). Results: Lower resilience was found among nurses who were younger (p<0.001, ɳ2=0.05), single (p<0.001, ɳ2=0.02) and with lower levels of education (p=0.001, ɳ2=0.02). Predictors of resilience included the search for mental health information (β =-0.152, p <0.001), higher education (β = 0.142, p<0.001), low levels of depression (β=-0.307, p<0.001) and low levels of social dysfunction (β =-0.261, p<0.001). Conclusion: This findings allowed to identify the factors which are associated with resilience among nurses and how this plays an important role in their mental. Likewise, this data allows for the identification of high psychosocial risk groups, to better guide mental health strategies aimed at increasing resilience. Resumo:Introdução:O pessoal de enfermagem é um dos grupos mais afetados pela atual pandemia de COVID-19. Problemas de saúde mental têm sido relatados nessa população, porém também é importante estudar a resiliência, para identificar seus pontos fortes. O objetivo deste estudo foi estudar a resiliência em enfermeiras mexicanas e os fatores sociodemográficos e de saúde mental a ela associados. Foi realizado um estudo transversal.Método:Um questionário sociodemográfico relacionado ao COVID-19 foi enviado online, assim como o Resilience Inventory e o General Health Questionnaire-28. Foram incluídos 556 enfermeiros, a maioria mulheres (80%), solteiros (60,8%) e com idade entre 26-35 anos (38,3%).Resultados:Baixos níveis de resiliência foram encontrados nos enfermeiros mais jovens (p <0,001, ɳ2 = 0,05), solteiros (p <0,001, ɳ2 = 0,02) e com menor escolaridade (p = 0,001, ɳ2 = 0,02). Os preditores de resiliência foram a busca por informações sobre saúde mental (β = -0,152, p <0,001), maior escolaridade (β = 0,142, p <0,001), baixos níveis de depressão (β = -0,307, p <0,001 ) e baixos níveis de disfunção social (β = -0,261, p <0,001).Conclusão:Esses achados permitem identificar os fatores associados à resiliência em enfermeiros e como eles desempenham um papel muito importante em sua saúde mental. Da mesma forma, esses dados permitem identificar grupos de maior risco psicossocial, a fim de nortear estratégias de saúde mental que visem aumentar a resiliência.


Author(s):  
Carmen Touza Garma ◽  
Carmen Prado Nóvoa

Abstract.RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ELDER ABUSE BY GENDER OF THE VICTIMSElder abuse is an increasingly recognized social problem because it is a violation of Human Rights and because of its serious consequences for the wellbeing and quality of life of older people. In addition, the prevalence of the problem could increase due to the aging population. Within this context, women appear in some studies as more frequent victims of abuse than men, although there are few studies that analyze why the risk of suffering domestic abuse may be higher in women than in men. The objective of this research was to assess whether there are different risk factors depending on the gender of the victims. The study involved 46 professional of social services teams who analyzed the situation of 202 elderly people (134 women and 68 men) through an assessment protocol that collected information on major risk factors for domestic abuse raised in the investigations. The results showed that although both genders shared a large number of risk factors, some turned out to be only significant for women: three factors related to the care-receiver (lack of income, problems of mental health and signs of cognitive decline) and four factors related to the caregiver (problems of mental health, problems with alcohol or other drugs, having experienced abuse at other times in his or her life and being financially dependent). These results could indicate some factors that increase the vulnerability of women and have important implications for the prevention and detection of risk situations of abuse.Key words: elder abuse, risk factors, human sex differences, gender.Resumen.Los malos tratos a la personas mayores son un problema social cada vez más reconocido porque suponen una violación de los Derechos Humanos y porque pueden producir graves consecuencias en su bienestar y calidad de vida. Además, la prevalencia del problema podría aumentar debido al envejecimiento de la población. Dentro de este contexto, la mujeres aparecen en algunos estudios como víctimas más frecuentes de los malos tratos que los varones, aunque son escasos los estudios que analicen por qué el riesgo de sufrir malos tratos domésticos puede ser mayor en las mujeres que en los hombres. El objetivo de esta investigación fue valorar si existen distintos factores de riesgo en función del género de las víctimas. En el estudio participaron 46 profesionales de equipos de servicios sociales que analizaron la situación de 202 personas mayores (134 mujeres y 68 hombres) a través de un protocolo de valoración que recogía información sobre los principales factores de riesgo de los malos tratos domésticos planteados en las investigaciones. Los resultados encontrados mostraron que aunque ambos géneros compartían un elevado número de factores de riesgo, algunos resultaron ser únicamente significativos para las mujeres: tres factores relacionados con la persona mayor (la falta de ingresos económicos, los  problemas de salud mental y la presencia de signos de deterioro cognitivo) y cuatro factores relacionados con el cuidador (los problemas de salud mental, los problemas con el alcohol u otras drogas, haber sufrido malos tratos y ser económicamente dependiente). Estos resultados podrían indicar algunos factores que aumentarían la vulnerabilidad de las mujeres y tienen importantes implicaciones para la prevención y detección de situaciones de riesgo de malos tratos.Palabras clave: malos tratos a las personas mayores, factores de riesgo, diferencias de género.


2015 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Baldaçara ◽  
Álvaro Ferreira Silva ◽  
José Gerley Díaz Castro ◽  
Gessi de Carvalho Araújo Santos

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Teachers are at great risk of physical and mental stress due to material or psychological difficulties associated with their work. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of common psychiatric symptoms measured on the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) scale that would suggest a diagnosis of psychiatric disorders among public school teachers in Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil, in 2012. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational cross-sectional study in Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. METHOD: We assessed 110 municipal teachers in the city of Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. They were selected randomly from a list of employees of the Municipal Education Department of Palmas. All of them answered the SRQ-20 questionnaire after giving their consent. RESULTS: Between the years 2008 and 2011, 24 cases of absence from work due to mental disorders were found. We excluded one case and 109 teachers answered the SRQ-20questionnaire. Out of the 109 teachers assessed, 54 had ≥ 7 points on the SRQ-20 scale. This finding suggests that 49.5% of the teachers had symptoms that were sufficient to consider a diagnosis of mental disorder, with the need for treatment. CONCLUSION: Our study found that the prevalence of mental disorders among teachers is as high as seen in the literature. Our results suggest that recognition of mental disorders is low and that the current statistics fail to reach the occupational health sector.


Author(s):  
Yasmeen Wajid Mauna Gauhar ◽  
Humaira Jami

Objective: To translate and validate Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale on Urdu speaking Pakistani population. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Rawalpindi and Islamabad from January 2018 to November 2019 on a conveniently available sample. The process of translation and validation was conducted in two phases. In the first phase the scale was forward and backward translated. In the second phase it was validated on a convenient sample of 170 subjects. 85 of these were from clinical and 85 were from non-clinical setting. After descriptive analysis, Cronbach’s alpha as a reliability coefficient, test-retest reliability, item-to-total correlation for internal consistency, Pearson product-moment for convergent and discriminant validity, and independent sample t-test for contrast group mean comparison were computed for validation purpose on the data through SPSS 22. Cross-language validation and mean comparison of the original and translated scale were established on a separate sample of 82 participants as indicators for equivalence.  Result: The translated scale was found to be internally consistent with satisfactory Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliabilities.  Convergent and discriminant validity were in assumed directions. Significant mean differences between clinical and non-clinical groups indicated the diagnostic capability of the scale. Significant cross-language correlations and non-significant mean differences between original and translated version showed that the Urdu version can be considered as equivalent to original English version. Conclusion: Results of the study found the translated scale to be as a reliable and valid Instrument. Keywords: Depression, Urdu-translation, psychometrics, reliability, validity. Continuous....


2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ratanasiripong ◽  
Takashi China ◽  
Nop T Ratanasiripong ◽  
Shiho Toyama

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the mental health issues among teachers globally and to investigate the significant factors that specifically impact the mental health of school teachers in Okinawa, Japan.Design/methodology/approachThis cross-sectional study examined depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem and resiliency among 174 teachers from seven schools in Okinawa, Japan. The study questionnaire consisted of four parts, including demographic data, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale (DASS-42), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), and Connor-Davidson Resiliency Scale (CD-RISC). Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of mental health variables.FindingsOf the 174 teachers, 111 were females (64%) and 60 were males (35%). Average age of participants was 41.65 (SD = 10.07). Average number of years being a teacher was 15.50 (SD = 9.88). There was a significant gender difference in the level of self-esteem. Significant differences in anxiety were found among varying grade levels taught. Regression analyses indicated that resiliency and self-esteem significantly predicted depression, anxiety and stress among school teachers in Okinawa.Originality/valueThis is the first study among school teachers in Okinawa that examined the impact of resiliency and self-esteem on their mental health. To reduce psychological distress common within the teaching profession, social and environmental support should be provided within the school to better foster the successful promotion of teacher resiliency and self-esteem.


BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e034322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Dragueta Delfino ◽  
William Rodrigues Tebar ◽  
Fernanda Caroline Gil ◽  
Jefferson Marinho De Souza ◽  
Marcelo Romanzini ◽  
...  

ObjectivesTo analyse the association of sedentary behaviour patterns with dietary and lifestyle habits among public school teachers.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsA sample of 245 teachers (186 women and 59 men) with mean age of 45.2 (±10.4) were randomly selected from public schools.Primary and secondary outcome measureSedentary behaviour was assessed by hours spent watching television, computer and cellphone/tablet use and in sitting position. Sedentary breaks were reported in a Likert scale in domains of work and leisure time. Dietary habits were assessed by weekly consumption of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, fried foods, sweets, grains, cereals, white meat, soft drinks and snacks. Physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and socioeconomic status were assessed by using questionnaires.ResultsThe prevalence of high sedentary behaviour, high sedentary breaks at work and at leisure was 57.9%, 67.7% and 70.2% in the sample, respectively. No relationship was observed of high sedentary behaviour with dietary and lifestyle habits in adjusted analysis. However, high sedentary breaks at work were associated with high consumption of dairy products (OR=1.93 (CI 1.07 to 3.51)) and cereals (OR=2.49 (CI 1.05 to 5.92)) and with being high physically active (OR=2.57 (CI 1.14 to 5.77)). High sedentary breaks at leisure time were associated with high consumption of fruits (OR=2.33 (CI 1.28 to 4.23)) and vegetables (OR=1.91 (CI 1.05 to 3.49)) and with be high physically active (OR=2.34 (CI 1.03 to 5.35)). High sedentary breaks were associated with better dietary habits even among teachers with high sedentary behaviour.ConclusionHigh sedentary breaks were associated with better dietary habits and with high levels of physical activity among public school teachers, even those with high sedentary behaviour.


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