Adverse Drug Reactions and Their Impact on the Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Background: Although there have been some reports about adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in pulmonary tuberculosis treatment, there are few detailed data and the effect of age among elderly patients on ADRs and the period of medication discontinuation due to ADRs is unknown. Purpose: We evaluated the difference in the incidence of ADRs necessitating discontinuation or a change of medication (dADR) among the different age groups and the period of discontinuation in elderly patients undergoing pulmonary tuberculosis treatment. Subjects and Methods: We conducted a retrospective medical record survey of patients who started anti-tuberculosis medication at our hospital from April 1st, 2018 to March 31st, 2020. Results: A total of 120 patients were recruited. There was no significant difference in the incidence of dADR among the different age groups every 10 years in patients ≥50 years of age (p=0.78). The median period of discontinuation was approximately 4 weeks for fever (29.5 days), approximately 3 weeks for rash (18.5 days), approximately 2 weeks for gastrointestinal disorders (16 days), and hepatocellular liver injury (15.5 days), and approximately 1 week for cholestatic liver injury (8 days) and eosinophilia (7 days). Conclusion: The incidence of dADR was not different among the age groups when patients of ≥50 years of age were compared by age. The median times of onset were 1–3 weeks after the start of treatment. The median periods of discontinuation were 1–4 weeks, and the period of discontinuation due to allergic reactions tended to be the longest

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P6‐47: Adverse drug reactions and their impact on the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in elderly patients

Respirology ◽

10.1111/resp.14150_413 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (S3) ◽

pp. 246-246

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Drug Reactions

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Gender Differences in Adverse Drug Reactions Among Adult Patients Reported to the Iraqi Pharmacovigilance Center

Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512) ◽

10.31351/vol30iss2pp249-260 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 249-260

Author(s):

Areej Atheer Alsaedi ◽

Dheyaa j. Kadhim ◽

Manal M. Younus

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Subcutaneous Tissue ◽

Fatal Outcome ◽

Age Groups ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Adult Males ◽

Drug Reactions ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pharmacovigilance Center

For many years it was argued that there may be a gender differences in adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This assumption was based on many possible factors such as hormonal or behavior differences, and it was not clearly identified since the female gender was not preferred to be enrolled in many clinical trials. The primary aim of this study was to assess the extent of possibly relevant gender differences in drug–ADRs regarding causality, severity, preventability, seriousness, expectedness and outcome. While the secondary aim was to assess for which group of drugs and for which ADRs gender differences are identified most often. The study was a retrospective one that depends on processing a specially selected group of data obtained from the Iraqi Pharmacovigilance Center database. The data included consisted of 3833 individual case safety reports sent during the period from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2019. It was found that the reported adverse drug reactions for females (60.84 %) were much more than males (39.16 %). In addition, significant differences in age group distribution of adverse drug reactions were found in which females in their reproductive age had more adverse drug reactions while the older adult males were more likely to suffer adverse drug reactions if compared with the same age groups from the opposite gender. The highest type of adverse drug reactions for both genders were those that fall in the skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (26.4 % in females) and (22.6 % in males) with statically significant difference between the two genders. While the highest group to cause adverse drug reactions was the systemic anti-infective agents with a greater chance ‘statistically significant’ in females to suffer a side effect from this group of medications (40.8 %) compared to male gender (35.5 %). The frequency of serious adverse drug reactions was significantly more prevalent in females (45.4 %) than for males (41.3 %) while the fatal outcome was significantly more observed in males (0.8 %) as compared with females (0.2 %). The expectedness analysis gave the finding that for each gender the expectedness of adverse drug reactions was nearly equal.

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Spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions at a department of Internal Medicine

Open Medicine ◽

10.2478/s11536-009-0129-z ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 338-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zorica Jovic ◽

Vidojko Djordjevic ◽

Milovanovic Milena ◽

Karin Vasic

Keyword(s):

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Age Groups ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Predisposing Factors ◽

University Teaching ◽

Drug Reactions ◽

Clinical Center ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Set Up ◽

The Individual

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to characterize the pattern of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported in a university teaching hospital in south-east Serbia. The study was conducted based on ADRs reported during a six-month period to the ADR reporting unit of the university clinical center. Evaluation of data was done for various parameters, such as patient demographics, drug and reaction characteristics, and outcome of reactions. Assessment was also done for causality, severity and predisposing factors. During the 6-month study period, 44 ADRs were reported, with an overall incidence of 0.33%. No significant difference was seen in the overall incidence of ADRs observed in males and females. Incidence of ADRs among elderly (43.2%) and older (25%) adults was significantly higher than in other age groups. Type A reactions (66.7%) accounted for majority of the reports. The most commonly affected organ system was the renal system, (22.7%) with hyperkalemia as the only reported reaction. ACE inhibitors (48.6%) were the drug class most commonly involved, where fosinopril (25.7%) was the individual drug most frequently reported. Additional treatment was pursued for management of ADRs in majority (52.3%) of the reports. In 52.3 % of the reports, the patient had recovered from the reaction by the time of evaluation. Upon causality assessment, the majority of the reports were rated as probable (43.2%). Mild and moderate reactions accounted for 43.2% and 54.6%, respectively. In 36.3% of the reports, the reaction was considered to be preventable. The most common predisposing factors were polypharmacy and multiple disease state. The pattern of ADRs reported in our hospital is comparable to the results of studies conducted in hospital set up elsewhere. Our evaluations revealed opportunities for intervention to ensure safer drug use.

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Effect of tadalafil combined with atorvastatin on hemodynamics and sexual function in middle-aged and elderly patients with hyperlipidemia complicated with erectile dysfunction

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.37.7.4257 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Lei Du ◽

Jiang-hua Jia ◽

Wen-yong Xue ◽

Jin-Chun Qi

Keyword(s):

Erectile Dysfunction ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Sexual Function ◽

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Drug Reactions ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Experimental Group

Objective: To evaluate the effect and clinical significance of tadalafil combined with atorvastatin on hemodynamics and sexual function in middle-aged and elderly patients with hyperlipidemia complicated with Erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods: Eighty patients with hyperlipidemia complicated with ED who were treated at The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2019 to June 2020 were selected. Using a completely randomized design experimental method, these 80 patients were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group, with 40 cases in each group. The control group was treated with a single drug, atorvastatin calcium, while the experimental group was given tadalafil orally on the basis of the control group for 3 months. Changes in the levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-6, TNF and CRP, adverse drug reactions, changes in hemodynamic indicators such as HSV, LSV, PSV, HCT and ESR before and after treatment, as well as changes in sexual function after treatment were compared and analyzed between the two groups. Results: TNF-a, CRP and IL-6 in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment, with statistically significant differences (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions between the two groups (p=0.18). After treatment, hemodynamic indexes and sexual function indexes of the experimental group were significantly improved compared with those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (p<0.05). Conclusion: A significant improvement effect can be achieved by tadalafil combined with atorvastatin on hemodynamics and sexual function in middle-aged and elderly patients with hyperlipidemia complicated with ED. At the same time, the combination of the two has synergism on inflammatory factors and blood rheology, and the incidence of adverse reactions is not significantly increased. Abbreviations: ED: Erectile dysfunction, PDE-5: Phosphodiesterase-5, IL-6: Interleukin- 6, CRP: C-reactionprotein, HSV: High shear viscosity, LSV: Low cut viscosity of whole blood, PSV: The plasma viscosity, HCT: Hematocrit, ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, IIEF-5: International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire – 5, HMG-CoA: Hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A, cGMP: cyclic Guanosinc monophosphate, TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α, IFN-γ: Interferon-γ, TC: Total cholesterol, TG: Triglycerides, HDL-C: High density lipoprotein cholesterol. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4257 How to cite this:Du L, Jia J, Xue W, Qi J. Effect of tadalafil combined with atorvastatin on hemodynamics and sexual function in middle-aged and elderly patients with hyperlipidemia complicated with erectile dysfunction. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4257 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Does body position, age, and heart rate induce IOP’s changes?

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/11206721211023313 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112067212110233

Author(s):

Marcelina Sobczak ◽

Magdalena Asejczyk ◽

Malwina Geniusz

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Body Position ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cardiovascular Parameters ◽

Entire Cohort ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

The Difference ◽

Group B ◽

Effect Of Age

Objectives: The main goal of this research was to determine the differences between the values of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the supine and sitting positions, and to assess the effect of age and cardiovascular parameters. Methods: Seventy-two healthy adults were enrolled and classified into age groups: 20–30 years (group A), 31–40 years (group B), and 41–71 years (group C). Corneal biometry and cardiovascular parameters, such as heart rate (HR), were measured. IOP measurements were taken in the sitting position (IOPS) and in the supine position (IOPL) using the iCare® Pro tonometer. Results: A significant difference between the IOPS and IOPL in the entire cohort was found ( p < 0.001). Regarding the age subgroups, a significant difference ( p < 0.001) between the IOPS and IOPL was obtained in group A (2.6 ± 1.6 mmHg) and group C (1.5 ± 1.3 mmHg). There were no significant differences in the IOPS between groups. The highest IOP values were obtained for group A. The correlations between HR and IOPS are statistically significant for group A and group B, and for HR and IOPL-S for group B only. Multivariate analysis showed that HR has a significant influence on the difference in IOP in the two body positions. Conclusion: A statistically significant difference between the effect of age and the values of IOPS and IOPL was shown. Cardiovascular parameters showed some relevant statistical dependencies, but with a rather marginal significance in young people. The influence of body position for the measurement of IOP for healthy subjects does not seem to matter, despite the fact that there are some dependencies that are statistically significant.

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EXPRESS: Serum Carbohydrate Antigen72-4 levels decrease with age in females but not males in Beijing, China

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/00045632211026961 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000456322110269

Author(s):

Tongmei Duan ◽

Xun Chen ◽

Jing Wu ◽

Ronghai Li ◽

Huijuan Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Reference Interval ◽

Carbohydrate Antigen ◽

Female Group ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Age Difference ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

And Gender ◽

Beijing China

Objective: Carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) is widely used in the diagnosis and monitoring of many cancers. However, there are few studies on the differences of CA72-4 levels in terms of age and gender. Methods: 10957 healthy subjects were divided into two groups according to gender and three age groups. The serum CA72-4 were detected. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS. Results: The CA72-4 level in female group was significantly higher than that in male group. The level of CA72-4 gradually decreased with age. Compared with the age >60 group, the CA72-4 levels were increased in the age 46-60 group and 16-45 group (P >0.05, respectively). To better observe the age difference, the age 16-45 and 46â60 group were combined into the age 16-60 group. In comparison to the age >60 group, the CA72-4 level of age 16-60 group was significantly increased (P =0.000). In the age >60 group, there was no difference between genders. Nevertheless, the difference between the sexes in the age 16-60 group was significant (P =0.023). Conclusions: The reference interval of CA72-4 for local healthy population was established. CA72-4 levels gradually decreased with the increase of age, and CA72-4 level in females aged 16-60 years (0-18.0 U/mL) was higher than in males (0-14.5 U/mL), however there was no gender difference in the age group above 60 years old (0-14.5 U/mL). Moreover, male CA72-4 was no significant difference among all age groups, while the potential mechanism of female changes with age needed further study.

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Quantitative electroencephalography as a tool for objective neurophysiological seizure diagnosis: A retrospective study

Indian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.25259/ijms_160_2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Rajesh Kumar ◽

Tribhuwan Kumar ◽

Kamlesh Jha ◽

Yogesh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Energy Level ◽

Matched Control ◽

Age Groups ◽

Quantitative Electroencephalography ◽

Beta Band ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Electrical Activities

Objectives: Seizure is the fourth most common neurological disorder in the world; it affects all age groups with equal possibility of occurrence in both males and females. Many antiepileptic drugs are available today, but its diagnosis is challenging. The present study attempted to see if seizure activities could be predicted by analyzing the pre-seizure electrical activities. The prediction may help in taking preventive measures appropriately beforehand in the individuals with seizure proneness. Material and Methods: We selected 11 generalized seizure patients and 19 control patients out of total 115 patients referred for electro-diagnostics for various reasons. EEG of the subjects recorded, segmented as per protocol, and analyzed using MATLAB and EEGLAB tools. Results: The mean energy level in alpha and beta band of the study subject was significantly lower (P = 0.04 and 0.004, respectively) as compared to the age matched control subjects. Theta and delta bands did not show any significant difference between the groups. The difference between the pre- and post-electrical seizure energy and entropy was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The study shows that the energy level remains low in the seizure patients in the alpha and beta bands. This further goes down when electrophysiological seizure activities starts. The randomness or entropy does not alter significantly among the seizure subjects in comparison to non-seizure subjects.

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The Effect of Side Effects Tuberculosis Treatment in the Early Stage Towards Compliance with Tuberculosis Patients

Health Notions ◽

10.33846/hn50106 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (01) ◽

pp. 29-32

Author(s):

Joko Sapto Pramono ◽

Nilam Noorma ◽

Andi Lis Arming Gandini ◽

Sopia Fitriani

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Health Workers ◽

Early Stage ◽

Treatment Compliance ◽

Tuberculosis Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Early Stages ◽

Significant Difference

Pulmonary tuberculosis treatment causes various side effects including nausea and vomiting, itching, vision problems, and anemia. Drug side effects in the early stages are one of the causes of non-adherence to complete treatment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the side effects Tuberculosis treatment in the early stages on treatment compliance for tuberculosis patients. This study used a cross sectional design. Samples were taken as many as 71 respondents, the instruments used were side effects of early-stage tuberculosis treatment and compliance with tuberculosis treatment in tuberculosis patients from the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS). The results of the study found 97.7% adherent and 2.3% non-adherent, 39.5% mild side effects and 60.5% severe side effects. Chi-square test showed that no significant difference between the side effects of TB treatment in the early stages of tuberculosis treatment compliance in patients p = 0.669 at significant level of 95% (α = 0.05). There was no effect between the side effects of Tuberculosis treatment in the early stages of treatment compliance for Tuberculosis patients. It was recommended that health workers continue to monitor the side effects of tuberculosis treatment and provide motivation to carry out treatment completely. Keywords: side effects; early stage; treatment; pulmonary tuberculosis; compliance

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Assessment of functional capacity in elderly residents of an outlying area in the hinterland of Bahia/Northeast Brazil

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2010000100009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 39-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Gilson de Vasconcelos Torres ◽

Luciana Araújo dos Reis ◽

Luana Araújo dos Reis

Keyword(s):

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Functional Capacity ◽

Daily Living ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Instrumental Activities ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Outlying Area

OBJECTIVE: To assess the functional capacity and to determine the difference between the means of functional capacity (basic and instrumental activities of daily living) and the age groups of elderly residents in an outlying area in the hinterland of Bahia/Northeast of Brazil. METHOD: Analytical study with cross-sectional design and a sample of 150 elderly individuals enrolled in four Health Units in the municipality of Jequié, Bahia, Brazil. The instrument consisted of sociodemographic and health data, the Barthel Index and the Lawton scale. RESULTS: In all, 78.00% of the elderly were classified as dependent in the basic activities and 65.33% in the instrumental activities of daily living. Using the Kruskal-Wallis test, we found a statistically significant difference between the means of instrumental activities and the age groups (p=0.011). CONCLUSION: An elevated number of elderly were classified as dependent in terms of functional capacity and increased age is related to greater impairment in the execution of instrumental activities of daily living.

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