scholarly journals Impact of toxicity effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles in rats within acute and subacute experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 704-710
Author(s):  
Marina P. Sutunkova ◽  
Ilzira A. Minigalieva ◽  
Iuliia V. Privalova ◽  
Iuliia V. Ryabova ◽  
Oleg G. Makeyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Copper Smelting ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intratracheal Injection

Introduction. Occupational air is contaminated with zinc oxide nanoparticles in the copper smelting industry, especially in the smelting of brass and copper. A wide range of toxic effects with varied clinical symptomatology is observed in zinc and its compounds. Competitive relations with many other metals, including calcium, copper, and iron, are the foundation of most cases of zinc intoxication. Long-term administration of zinc or its compounds to laboratory rodents affects enzymes, carbohydrates and mineral metabolism. Materials and methods. Subchronic intoxication with repeated intraperitoneal injections and acute low respiratory tract reaction to a single intratracheal injection of zinc nanoparticles were simulated in outbred white rats. Water suspensions of zinc oxide nanoparticles with a 30-80 nm diameter were applied in both experimental models. Upon completion of the exposure, the condition of the rats in all groups was evaluated in many generally accepted criteria for toxicity. The student’s t-test was applied for statistical analysis of the obtained data. Results. Moderate intoxication development in a subchronic experiment is demonstrated. Homogeneous ultrastructural changes in the spleen tissue were revealed. Mitochondrial damage with partial or complete loss of crista is the most common. The fragmentation ratio of DNA was found by a statistically significant increase. A single intratracheal injection of zinc oxide nanoparticles revealed the increase in the attraction of cells capable of their phagocytosis (mainly neutrophils) into the low respiratory tract. This shows their cytotoxicity. Conclusion. Moderate general toxic and cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the rat body were identified.

scholarly journals Mechanistic Study of Antibacterial Properties of Chemically Synthesize Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Abdur Rehman ◽  
Saira Ahmad ◽  
Abdul Mateen ◽  
Huma Qamar ◽  
Mudaber Ahmad Mubashar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Wide Range

Nanotechnology is the science, engineering and technology conducted at the scale that ranges between 1-100 nanometers. For the bio-application, evolution of nanotechnology is creating the concern of scientists towards the synthesis of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles have unique characteristics as compare to bulk materials. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a matchless semiconductor and it has been under investigation due to its wide range of applications in various areas like biomedical, electronics, material science and optics. In the present work synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was carried out by using simple chemical approach, Sol-gel method for being effective and inexpensive, by employing zinc acetate dehydrate Zn (CH3CO2)2.2H2O as a precursor and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) starch as a constant agent. The structural properties of resultant zinc oxide nanoparticles were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The XRD data confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO powder confirmed by JCPDS 36-1451 data. Particles size was calculated by Scherrer formula and calculated size was 30.14 nm. These nanoparticles were investigated for inhibition zone of bacterial strain Escherichia coli, a gram-negative microbe, at various concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were very proficient for inhibition of growth of bacterial strain E. coli. The mechanism of ZnO NPs for antibacterial activity is release of reactive oxygen species which not only hydrolyze cell wall but cell membrane and cellular components as well providing a potential bactericidal effect.

scholarly journals Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Exhibit Favorable Properties to Promote Tissue Integration of Biomaterials

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1462
Author(s):  
Nadine Wiesmann ◽  
Simone Mendler ◽  
Christoph R. Buhr ◽  
Ulrike Ritz ◽  
Peer W. Kämmerer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Gelatin Sponge ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Tissue Integration ◽  
Wide Range

Due to the demographic change, medicine faces a growing demand for tissue engineering solutions and implants. Often, satisfying tissue regeneration is difficult to achieve especially when co-morbidities hamper the healing process. As a novel strategy, we propose the incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) into biomaterials to improve tissue regeneration. Due to their wide range of biocompatibility and their antibacterial properties, ZnO NPs are already discussed for different medical applications. As there are versatile possibilities of modifying their form, size, and function, they are becoming increasingly attractive for tissue engineering. In our study, in addition to antibacterial effects of ZnO NPs, we show for the first time that ZnO NPs can foster the metabolic activity of fibroblasts as well as endothelial cells, both cell types being crucial for successful implant integration. With the gelatin sponge method performed on the chicken embryo’s chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), we furthermore confirmed the high biocompatibility of ZnO NPs. In summary, we found ZnO NPs to have very favorable properties for the modification of biomaterials. Here, incorporation of ZnO NPs could help to guide the tissue reaction and promote complication-free healing.

scholarly journals Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Damage Tobacco BY-2 Cells by Oxidative Stress Followed by Processes of Autophagy and Programmed Cell Death

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľudmila Balážová ◽  
Matej Baláž ◽  
Petr Babula
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Wide Range

Nanomaterials, including zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), have a great application potential in many fields, such as medicine, the textile industry, electronics, and cosmetics. Their impact on the environment must be carefully investigated and specified due to their wide range of application. However, the amount of data on possible negative effects of ZnO NPs on plants at the cellular level are still insufficient. Thus, we focused on the effect of ZnO NPs on tobacco BY-2 cells, i.e., a widely accepted plant cell model. Adverse effects of ZnO NPs on both growth and biochemical parameters were observed. In addition, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species visualizations confirmed that ZnO NPs may induce oxidative stress. All these changes were associated with the lipid peroxidation and changes in the plasma membrane integrity, which together with endoplasmatic reticulum and mitochondrial dysfunction led to autophagy and programmed cell death. The present study demonstrates that the phytotoxic effect of ZnO NPs on the BY-2 cells is very complex and needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Ixora Coccinea Leaf Extract for Ethanol Vapour Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Leela Pradhan Joshi ◽  
Bal Vikram Khatri ◽  
Sumana Gyawali ◽  
Shiromani Gajurel ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Zno Films ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Ethanol Vapour ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ixora Coccinea

This article reports the effects of natural plant proteins on the morphology of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) prepared via a precipitation method. Green synthesised ZnONPs have a wide range of uses such as biomedical applications, water purification, optical devices and gas sensors. The non-toxic and economical technique described in this article is favourable for large-scale production too. ZnONPs were produced from a zinc acetate precursor with dye extract of Ixora Coccinea (IC) leaves as a capping agent. The as-prepared ZnONPs were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-visible (UV-vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. The XRD analysis showed an average crystallite size of 23 nm. The SEM analysis revealed a reduction in aggregation of ZnO crystallites due to addition of dye extracts of IC. EDX and UV-vis results confirmed the formation of pure ZnONPs. Finally, the gas sensing properties of ZnO films, prepared by doctor blade method, were used to detect ethanol vapour. The results showed gas response ratios of 28.7 and 5.4 at 800 ppm and 40 ppm exposure, respectively. Furthermore, the response time and recovery time were found to be 24 sec and 47 sec, respectively at 200 ppm exposure of ethanol vapour.

scholarly journals The Role of Apoptosis Pathway in the Cytotoxicity Induced by Fresh and Aged Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Wang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Wenting Zhao ◽  
Na Yu ◽  
Meiling Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Physicochemical Transformation ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractZinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used in a wide range of applications including industry, commercial products and medicine field. Numerous mechanistic studies for ZnO NPs’ toxicity were performed on pristine (fresh) NPs. However, the cytotoxicity induced by the transformed (aged) ZnO NPs and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we observed the physicochemical transformation of ZnO NPs underwent over time, followed by evaluating the cytotoxicity of fresh and aged NPs. We found that fresh ZnO NPs induced higher apoptosis level than their aged counterparts. Accordingly, RNA sequencing data from aged ZnO NP-treated human–hamster hybrid (AL) cells showed that p53, PI3k–Akt, FoXO, Glutathione, ErbB, HIF-1, Oxytocin and Jak-STAT signaling pathways were enriched but no apoptosis pathway. Quantitative PCR results revealed the significantly higher mRNA level of IL1B and CD69 in fresh NP-treated groups compared to that of aged ZnO NP- and zinc chloride-treated groups. The above results indicated that the lower cytotoxicity of aged ZnO NPs is partially attributed to their reduced potency in inducing apoptosis. The transcriptional regulation of multiple signal pathways activated by aged NPs may help to build the cellular homeostasis. Taken together, our findings highlight the influence of aging (environmental transformation) process of ZnO NPs on their toxicities and biological consequences.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Potential of Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Poultry-Associated Foodborne Pathogens: An In Vitro Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2093
Author(s):  
Hidayat Mohd Yusof ◽  
Nor’Aini Abdul Rahman ◽  
Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽  
Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan ◽  
Anjas Asmara Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Since the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the poultry industry is currently a serious threat, there is an urgent need to develop a more efficient and alternative antibacterial substance. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have exhibited antibacterial efficacy against a wide range of microorganisms. Although the in vitro antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs has been studied, little is known about the antibacterial mechanisms of ZnO NPs against poultry-associated foodborne pathogens. In the present study, ZnO NPs were successfully synthesized using Lactobacillus plantarum TA4, characterized, and their antibacterial potential against common avian pathogens (Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus) was investigated. Confirmation of ZnO NPs by UV-Visual spectroscopy showed an absorption band center at 360 nm. Morphologically, the synthesized ZnO NPs were oval with an average particle size of 29.7 nm. Based on the dissolution study of Zn2+, ZnO NPs released more ions than their bulk counterparts. Results from the agar well diffusion assay indicated that ZnO NPs effectively inhibited the growth of the three poultry-associated foodborne pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed using various concentrations of ZnO NPs, which resulted in excellent antibacterial activity as compared to their bulkier counterparts. S. aureus was more susceptible to ZnO NPs compared to the other tested bacteria. Furthermore, the ZnO NPs demonstrated substantial biofilm inhibition and eradication. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular material leakage was quantified to determine the underlying antibacterial mechanisms, whereas a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the morphological changes of tested bacteria treated with ZnO NPs. The findings suggested that ROS-induced oxidative stress caused membrane damage and bacterial cell death. Overall, the results demonstrated that ZnO NPs could be developed as an alternative antibiotic in poultry production and revealed new possibilities in combating pathogenic microorganisms.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis, Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles, and Examination of Properties for Dye-Sensitive Solar Cells Using Various Vegetable Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatol Degefa ◽  
Bulcha Bekele ◽  
Leta Tesfaye Jule ◽  
Boka Fikadu ◽  
Shanmugam Ramaswamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Prepared Nanoparticles ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Wide Range

The production of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) utilizing different vegetable extracts (onion, cabbage, carrot, and tomato) was performed in this research owing to its excellency over other methods of synthesis, namely, simplicity, environmental friendliness, and the elimination of harmful compounds. Fresh extracted onion, cabbage, carrot, and tomato of ZnO NPs are characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-visible spectroscopy. FTIR findings demonstrate that the prepared nanoparticles were observed in the spectrum of 626 cm-1–1219 cm-1 with some other functional groups. Wurtzite hexagonal structure of the prepared ZnO NPs was observed from XRD results. In addition, the prepared nanoparticles were failed into nanoscales (17 nm, 18 nm, 24 nm, and 15 nm) calculated from Scherrer’s equation. Nearly spherical shapes were seen from SEM image for onion and tomato extraction while rod and tube for carrot and cabbage, respectively. Two broad peaks were observed from UV-vis spectroscopy results for each extract. The presence of a wide range of energy bandgaps in the region of 3-4 eV was detected, indicating that ZnO NP material can be employed in metal oxide semiconductor-based systems. The dye-sensitive solar cell based on ZnO NPs has been successfully synthesized, and the efficiency of the device has been evaluated by measuring the current density-voltage behaviour under the presence of artificial sunshine. The increased effectiveness of the manufactured dye-sensitive solar cell is attributable to a large improvement in dye molecular adsorption onto the surface of ZnO NPs. Thus, the usage of the green produced ZnO NPs with creating dye sensitivity solar cell is a simple and viable way for the well-being of our future.

scholarly journals Aged Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Did Not Induce Cytotoxicity Through Apoptosis Signaling Pathway as Fresh NPs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Wang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Wenting Zhao ◽  
Meiling Cheng ◽  
Mingqin Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Physicochemical Transformation ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are being used in a wide range of applications including industry, commercial products and medicine field. Numerous mechanistic studies for ZnO NPs’ toxicity are performed on pristine (fresh) NPs. However, the cytotoxicity induced by the transformed (aged) ZnO NPs and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we firstly confirmed the physicochemical transformation of ZnO NPs underwent over time and compared the cytotoxicity induced by fresh and aged NPs. Then, we found that fresh NPs induced higher apoptosis levelthan aged NPs. Accordingly, RNA sequencing data from aged ZnO NP-treated human-hamster hybrid (AL) cells showed that p53, PI3k-Akt, FoXO, Glutathione, ErbB, HIF-1, Oxytocin and Jak-STAT signaling pathway were enriched but no apoptosis pathway. Quantitative PCR results confirmed the significantly higher mRNA level of IL1B and CD69 in fresh NP-treated groups compared to that of aged ZnO NP- and zinc chloride-treated groups. Our data indicated that the lower cytotoxicity of aged ZnO NPs is closely related to the low level of apoptosis induced by it and that the transcriptional regulation of the multiple pathways activated by aged NPs helps to build the cellular homeostasis. Our results highlight the aging (environmental transformation) process to the toxicity and safety assessment of ZnO NPs.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Standard Strains and Isolates of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Staphylococcus Aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-245
Author(s):  
Shima Naddafi ◽  
◽  
Alireza Partoazar ◽  
Zahra Dargahi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Standard Strain ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Background: Studies have shown that metal nanoparticles are highly active and exhibits remarkable bactericidal activity against a wide range of bacteria. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles against standard strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and their isolates in food products. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on the two pathogenic bacteria and their two standard strains. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared from zeolite and their amount was determined using the XRF analyzer. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were measured using disk diffusion method . Findings: The MIC value of zinc oxide nanoparticles was 4 mg/mL for standard strain and isolate of pseudomonas aeruginosa and 2 mg/mL for standard strain and isolate of staphylococcus aureus. The MBC values for standard strain and isolate of pseudomonas aeruginosa were 16 and 8 mg/mL, respectively, while for the standard strain and isolate of Staphylococcus aureus it was reported 8 mg/mL. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus is more sensitive to zinc oxide nanoparticles that pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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