scholarly journals Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Damage Tobacco BY-2 Cells by Oxidative Stress Followed by Processes of Autophagy and Programmed Cell Death

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľudmila Balážová ◽  
Matej Baláž ◽  
Petr Babula
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Wide Range

Nanomaterials, including zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), have a great application potential in many fields, such as medicine, the textile industry, electronics, and cosmetics. Their impact on the environment must be carefully investigated and specified due to their wide range of application. However, the amount of data on possible negative effects of ZnO NPs on plants at the cellular level are still insufficient. Thus, we focused on the effect of ZnO NPs on tobacco BY-2 cells, i.e., a widely accepted plant cell model. Adverse effects of ZnO NPs on both growth and biochemical parameters were observed. In addition, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species visualizations confirmed that ZnO NPs may induce oxidative stress. All these changes were associated with the lipid peroxidation and changes in the plasma membrane integrity, which together with endoplasmatic reticulum and mitochondrial dysfunction led to autophagy and programmed cell death. The present study demonstrates that the phytotoxic effect of ZnO NPs on the BY-2 cells is very complex and needs further investigation.

scholarly journals UVB exposure enhanced the dermal penetration of zinc oxide nanoparticles and induced inflammatory responses through oxidative stress mediated by MAPKs and NF-κB signaling in SKH-1 hairless mouse skin

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1066-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Pal ◽  
Shamshad Alam ◽  
Lalit K. S. Chauhan ◽  
Prem N. Saxena ◽  
Mahadeo Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Hairless Mouse ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Dermal Penetration ◽  
Uvb Exposure

UVB exposure enhances the internalization of ZnO-NPs and caused changes in surface morphology of SKH-1 mouse skin.

The Interaction of Zinc Oxide/Green Tea Extract Complex Nanoparticles and its Effect on Monosodium Glutamate Toxicity in Liver of Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawziah A. Al-Salmi ◽  
Reham Z. Hamza ◽  
Nahla S. El-Shenawy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Green Tea Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Tea Extract

Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are increasingly utilized in both industrial and medical applications. Therefore, the study was aimed to investigate the effect of green nanoparticle complex (green tea extract/zinc oxide nanoparticles complex, GTE/ZnO NPs) on oxidative stress induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the liver of rats. Methods: Wistar male rats (n=64) weighing between 200-250 g were divided randomly into eight groups: control group was given physiological saline (1 mg/kg), two groups were treated with two different doses of MSG (MSG-LD, MSG-HD; 6 and 17.5 mg/Kg, respectively), GTE was given 1 mg/mL, 5th group was treated with ZnO NPs and 6th group was treated with GTE/ZnO NPs complex while, 7th and 8th groups were treated with MSG-LD + GTE/ZnO NPs complex and MSG-HD + GTE/ZnO NPs complex, respectively. All substances were given orally for 30 consecutive days. At the end of the study, the liver was homogenized for measurement of the oxidative stress status and anti-inflammatory biomarkers as well as histological and transmission alternations. Results: Results showed that the antioxidant enzymes activity and glutathione level were significantly decreased in MSG groups than control in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, the malondialdehyde and inflammatory cytokines levels were significantly increased in MSG groups than the control group. The liver indicated no evidence of alteration in oxidative status, anti-inflammatory and morphological parameters in GTE, ZnO NPs and GTE/ZnO NPs complex groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, MSG at both doses caused oxidative stress and inflammation on liver after 28 days of exposure that supported histological analysis and transmission view of hepatic parenchyma. GTE/ZnO NPs act as partial hepato-protective against MSG.

scholarly journals Role of Autophagy in Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles-Induced Apoptosis of Mouse LEYDIG Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingcao Shen ◽  
Dan Yang ◽  
Xingfan Zhou ◽  
Yuqian Wang ◽  
Shichuan Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Sperm Density ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have shown adverse health impact on the human male reproductive system, with evidence of inducing apoptosis. However, whether or not ZnO NPs could promote autophagy, and the possible role of autophagy in the progress of apoptosis, remain unclear. In the current study, in vitro and in vivo toxicological responses of ZnO NPs were explored by using a mouse model and mouse Leydig cell line. It was found that intragastrical exposure of ZnO NPs to mice for 28 days at the concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day disrupted the seminiferous epithelium of the testis and decreased the sperm density in the epididymis. Furthermore, serum testosterone levels were markedly reduced. The induction of apoptosis and autophagy in the testis tissues was disclosed by up-regulating the protein levels of cleaved Caspase-8, cleaved Caspase-3, Bax, LC3-II, Atg 5, and Beclin 1, accompanied by down-regulation of Bcl 2. In vitro tests showed that ZnO NPs could induce apoptosis and autophagy with the generation of oxidative stress. Specific inhibition of autophagy pathway significantly decreased the cell viability and up-regulated the apoptosis level in mouse Leydig TM3 cells. In summary, ZnO NPs can induce apoptosis and autophagy via oxidative stress, and autophagy might play a protective role in ZnO NPs-induced apoptosis of mouse Leydig cells.

scholarly journals Zinc oxide nanoparticles conjugated with clinically-approved medicines as potential antibacterial molecules

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Akbar ◽  
Zara Aslam ◽  
Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui ◽  
Muhammad Raza Shah ◽  
Naveed Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Human Cell Lines ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Host Cell Death

AbstractAt present, antibiotic resistance is one of the most pressing issues in healthcare globally. The development of new medicine for clinical applications is significantly less than the emergence of multiple drug-resistant bacteria, thus modification of existing medicines is a useful avenue. Among several approaches, nanomedicine is considered of potential therapeutic value. Herein, we have synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) conjugated with clinically-approved drugs (Quercetin, Ceftriaxone, Ampicillin, Naringin and Amphotericin B) with the aim to evaluate their antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive (Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli K1, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. The nanoparticles and their drug conjugates were characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Antibacterial activity was performed by dilution colony forming unit method and finally 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays were performed to determine their cytotoxic effects against human cell lines. ZnO-NPs revealed maxima surface plasmon resonance band at 374 and after conjugation with beta-cyclodextrin at 379 nm, polydispersity with size in range of 25–45 nm with pointed shaped morphology. When conjugated with ZnO-NPs, drug efficacy against MDR bacteria was enhanced significantly. In particular, Ceftriaxone- and Ampicillin-conjugated ZnO-NPs exhibited potent antibacterial effects. Conversely, ZnO-NPs and drugs conjugated NPs showed negligible cytotoxicity against human cell lines except Amphotericin B (57% host cell death) and Amphotericin B-conjugated with ZnO-NPs (37% host cell death). In conclusion, the results revealed that drugs loaded on ZnO-NPs offer a promising approach to combat increasingly resistant bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Mechanistic Study of Antibacterial Properties of Chemically Synthesize Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Abdur Rehman ◽  
Saira Ahmad ◽  
Abdul Mateen ◽  
Huma Qamar ◽  
Mudaber Ahmad Mubashar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Wide Range

Nanotechnology is the science, engineering and technology conducted at the scale that ranges between 1-100 nanometers. For the bio-application, evolution of nanotechnology is creating the concern of scientists towards the synthesis of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles have unique characteristics as compare to bulk materials. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a matchless semiconductor and it has been under investigation due to its wide range of applications in various areas like biomedical, electronics, material science and optics. In the present work synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was carried out by using simple chemical approach, Sol-gel method for being effective and inexpensive, by employing zinc acetate dehydrate Zn (CH3CO2)2.2H2O as a precursor and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) starch as a constant agent. The structural properties of resultant zinc oxide nanoparticles were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The XRD data confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO powder confirmed by JCPDS 36-1451 data. Particles size was calculated by Scherrer formula and calculated size was 30.14 nm. These nanoparticles were investigated for inhibition zone of bacterial strain Escherichia coli, a gram-negative microbe, at various concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were very proficient for inhibition of growth of bacterial strain E. coli. The mechanism of ZnO NPs for antibacterial activity is release of reactive oxygen species which not only hydrolyze cell wall but cell membrane and cellular components as well providing a potential bactericidal effect.

scholarly journals Foliar Sprayed Green Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Mitigate Drought-Induced Oxidative Stress in Tomato

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2400
Author(s):  
Manal El-Zohri ◽  
Naseem A. Al-Wadaani ◽  
Sameera O. Bafeel
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Tomato Growth

This study explored the effectiveness of green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) foliar spray on tomato growth and oxidative stress relief under drought conditions. Tomato plant subjected to four water regimes (100, 75, 50, and 25% FC), and in the same while seedlings were sprayed with 25, 50, and 100 mg/L green ZnO-NPs. The results showed that tomato growth parameters reduced significantly by increasing drought stress levels, while ZnO-NPs enhanced plant growth under all studied drought levels. Out of three ZnO-NPs concentrations tested, 25 and 50 mg/L ZnO-NPs proved to be the optimum treatments for alleviating drought stress. They increased shoot and root biomass compared to untreated controls. Application of 25 and 50 mg/L ZnO-NPs enhanced shoot dry weight by about 2–2.5-fold, respectively, under severe drought conditions (25%) compared to ZnO-NPs untreated plants. The application of 25 and 50 mg/L green ZnO-NPs decreased the drought-induced oxidative stress as indicated by the reduction in malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide concentrations compared to untreated controls. While 100 mg/L ZnO-NPs further increased oxidative stress. The beneficial effects of ZnO-NPs were evident in the plants’ defensive state, in which the concentration of ascorbic acid, free phenols, and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase were maintained at higher levels compared to NPs-untreated plants. At severe drought conditions, 25 mg/L ZnO-NPs induced SOD, CAT, and APX activity by about 3.99-, 3.23-, and 2.82-fold of their corresponding controls, respectively. Likewise, at 25% FC, SOD, CAT, and APX activity increased with 50 mg/L ZnO-NPs by about 4.58-, 3.57-, and 3.25-fold consecutively compared with their respective controls. Therefore, foliar use of green ZnO-NPs at lower concentrations might be suggested as an efficient way for enhancing tomato tolerance to drought stress.

scholarly journals Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Exhibit Favorable Properties to Promote Tissue Integration of Biomaterials

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1462
Author(s):  
Nadine Wiesmann ◽  
Simone Mendler ◽  
Christoph R. Buhr ◽  
Ulrike Ritz ◽  
Peer W. Kämmerer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Gelatin Sponge ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Tissue Integration ◽  
Wide Range

Due to the demographic change, medicine faces a growing demand for tissue engineering solutions and implants. Often, satisfying tissue regeneration is difficult to achieve especially when co-morbidities hamper the healing process. As a novel strategy, we propose the incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) into biomaterials to improve tissue regeneration. Due to their wide range of biocompatibility and their antibacterial properties, ZnO NPs are already discussed for different medical applications. As there are versatile possibilities of modifying their form, size, and function, they are becoming increasingly attractive for tissue engineering. In our study, in addition to antibacterial effects of ZnO NPs, we show for the first time that ZnO NPs can foster the metabolic activity of fibroblasts as well as endothelial cells, both cell types being crucial for successful implant integration. With the gelatin sponge method performed on the chicken embryo’s chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), we furthermore confirmed the high biocompatibility of ZnO NPs. In summary, we found ZnO NPs to have very favorable properties for the modification of biomaterials. Here, incorporation of ZnO NPs could help to guide the tissue reaction and promote complication-free healing.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Action and Target Mechanisms of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Against Bacterial Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Rosai Mendes ◽  
Guilherme Dilarri ◽  
Carolina Froes Forsan ◽  
Vinícius de Moraes Ruy Sapata ◽  
Paulo Renato Matos Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Z Ring ◽  
Ft Ir

Abstract Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are one of the most widely used nanoparticulate materials due to their antimicrobial properties, but their main mechanism of action (MOA) has not been fully elucidated. The study characterized ZnO NPs using X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Antimicrobial activity of clinically bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated by REMA after exposure to the ZnO NP at concentrations from 0.2 to 1.4 mM. Sensitivity was achieved at 0.6 mM for the Gram-negatives and 1.0 mM for Gram-positives cells. The effect of ZnO NPs on the membrane integrity and in the interference of cell division was investigated by its effect on the divisional ring, through fluorescence microscopy assays using B. subtilis (amy::pspac-ftsZ-gfpmut1) expressing FtsZ-GFP. Results showed that ZnO NPs did not interfere with the assembly of the divisional Z-ring. However, 70% of the cells showed damage in the cytoplasmic membrane after 15 min of exposure to the ZnO NPs. Electrostatic forces, production of Zn2+ ions, generation of reactive oxygen species were described as pathways of bactericidal action by ZnO. Thus, understanding bactericidal MOA can produce predictive models to prevent bacterial resistance and lead to further research.

scholarly journals The Effects of Pentoxifylline on Memory in Male Rats Treated with Zinc Oxide NPs

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Niloufar Darbandi ◽  
◽  
Zeynab Vasheghani Farahani ◽  
Hamidreza Momeni ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Ca1 Region

Background: Zinc oxide Nanoparticles (NPs) present irreversible effects on the nervous system, memory, and learning. Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline on memory impairments, CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells, and blood serum antioxidant enzymes in male rats treated with zinc oxide NPs. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into the control, zinc oxide NPs (1.25 mg/kg), pentoxifylline (50 mg/kg), and pentoxifylline with zinc oxide NPs groups. In all study groups, saline, zinc oxide NPs, and pentoxifylline were intraperitoneally injected 30 minutes before training. In the co-treatment group, pentoxifylline was injected one hour before injecting Zno NPs. After performing the behavioral test, the tested animals’ brains were fixed and the number of healthy neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus was counted. In all research groups, malondialdehyde levels, total antioxidant power, superoxide dismutase levels, and glutathione peroxidase in blood serum were measured. Results: Zinc oxide nanoparticles decreased memory and the number of healthy neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus and increased oxidative stress in blood serum, compared to the controls. In the co-treatment group, using pentoxifylline improved the above-mentioned factors and reached the level of the control group. Pentoxifylline alone presented no significant effect on the aforementioned characteristics, compared to the control group. Conclusion: ZnO NPs may decrease memory retrieval and cause cell death in the pyramidal neurons of the CA1 region of the hippocampus by increasing oxidative stress. Pentoxifylline, as a potent antioxidant, can prevent the harmful effects of ZnO NPs.

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