scholarly journals Delineation of wellhead protection zones: the analysis of main geological factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 762-768
Author(s):  
Anton M. Nikulenkov ◽  
Gennady B. Yeremin ◽  
Sergej N. Noskov ◽  
Natalya A. Mozzhukhina ◽  
Mariia V. Wilkina
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Wellhead Protection ◽  
Hydrogeological Parameter ◽  
Particle Tracking Method ◽  
Hydrogeological Parameters ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
The Cost

Introduction. Analysis of the projects concerning wellhead protection (WHP) zones delineation shows the majority of the reports to use a simplified calculation. The applied analytical solutions do not refer to the actual geological conditions of the operating water intakes. The lack of distinct guidelines for geological data to be used in the research and the cost increase force the researchers to represent a simplified assessment. Materials and methods. The control of different WHP zone size geological parameters was studied by applying a series of theoretical calculations. Thus, software for analytical modelling of groundwater wells ANSDIMAT developed by the Institute of environmental geoscience, RAS, was used. Delineation of WHP zones is performed by the Particle-Tracking method. Results. Both size and geometry of WHP zones are controlled by several geological and hydrogeological parameters, which entail a synergetic effect. Within the parameters mentioned above, there are such as 1) pumping discharge; 2) aquifer thickness; 3) accessible porosity; 4) flow direction and the hydraulic gradient; 5) hydraulic conductivity; 6) the hydraulic connectivity of an aquitard. Our research shows all six factors perceptibly influence the results. To avoid significant errors each of the factors should be taken into account. Conclusion. Regulations actualization and the Guideline for delineation of wellhead protection zones, in particular, remain to be an area for improvement. Clear requirements for geological and hydrogeological parameter contamination, parameters uncertainty.

Microcontroller Device for Conductor Identification Using Acoustic Signal

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Vinogradov ◽  
Aleksey V. Bukreev
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Signal ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Electrical Wiring ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Solutions

When repairing and replacing electrical wiring in enterprises, the main difficulty is the lack or poor quality of documentation, plans for conductors laying. Distinguishing wires (cables) and their cores by the color of the shells or using tags attached to the ends is difficult if the shells have the same color and there are no tags. Devices and technical solutions used to identify wires and cables do not allow recognizing conductors without breaking the electrical circuit, removing insulation, and de-energizing the network. Searching for the right conductor is a time-consuming operation. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing a new microcontroller device for identifying wires using an acoustic signal. (Materials and methods) Literature sources has been searched for devices for conductors identifying. (Results and discussion) The article proposes a method that involves feeding an acoustic signal to a wire at one point and capturing it at another, in order to recognize the desired wire. The article presents results of comparison of the developed microcontroller device for identifying conductors using an acoustic signal with known devices and methods for conductors recognizing. (Conclusions) The article reveals the shortcomings of existing methods and means of identifying wires and cables. Authors performed a theoretical calculation of the sound pressure in the conductor at a given distance. The article presents the calculation of speed of acoustic waves in conductors with different types of insulation. Authors designed a microcontroller device for identifying conductors using an acoustic signal and tested it. It was determined that the device increases the safety of work, reduces the cost of operating internal wiring and identification time; eliminates the violation of wire insulation, the need to disable electrical receivers. The convergence of theoretical calculations and experimental data was shown.

scholarly journals Cost of groundwater protection: major groundwater basin protection zones in Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Krogulec ◽  
Jacek Gurwin ◽  
Mirosław Wąsik
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Groundwater Protection ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Groundwater Basins ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThis paper describes the complex hydrogeological, legal framework and socioeconomic costs of the groundwater protection in major groundwater basins (MGBs) in Poland in accordance with European directives. The hydrogeological criteria developed in Poland for establishing MGBs and the principles of their protection provide more details to the directives that are in force in Europe, which define the general principles for groundwater protection. The procedure of establishing MGB protection zones is connected with a change in local plans and land development and requires an analysis of the cost–benefit relationship in the sphere of social economy in the sector of public economics. The cost assessment was performed on the basis of data from hydrogeological documentations, and the aggregation of subareas to which the same existing and planned development can be attributed. A legal analysis of bans, orders and restrictions together with the identification of the risk of claims in specific hydrogeological and development conditions was a fundamental issue of research. These costs depend on the acreage and land use of the protected area. The unit costs of MGB protection, calculated per 1 km2 of the protection area, for six sample basins were estimated at €120 to €208,000/2 years/1 km2. The highest costs are generated by establishing protection in urban areas, while the lowest costs are generated in forest areas.

scholarly journals Wellhead protection zones for sustainable groundwater supply

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta del Carmen Paris ◽  
Mónica D’Elía ◽  
Marcela Pérez ◽  
Josefina Pacini
Keyword(s):  
Protection Zones ◽  
Wellhead Protection ◽  
Groundwater Supply

scholarly journals Availability analysis of selected mining machinery

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Brodny ◽  
Sara Alszer ◽  
Jolanta Krystek ◽  
Magdalena Tutak
Keyword(s):  
Process Mining ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Availability Analysis ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Mining Machinery ◽  
Coal Market ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Source Of Information

Abstract Underground extraction of coal is characterized by high variability of mining and geological conditions in which it is conducted. Despite ever more effective methods and tools, used to identify the factors influencing this process, mining machinery, used in mining underground, work in difficult and not always foreseeable conditions, which means that these machines should be very universal and reliable. Additionally, a big competition, occurring on the coal market, causes that it is necessary to take action in order to reduce the cost of its production, e.g. by increasing the efficiency of utilization machines. To meet this objective it should be pro-ceed with analysis presented in this paper. The analysis concerns to availability of utilization selected mining machinery, conducted using the model of OEE, which is a tool for quantitative estimate strategy TPM. In this article we considered the machines being part of the mechanized longwall complex and the basis of analysis was the data recording by the industrial automation system. Using this data set we evaluated the availability of studied machines and the structure of registered breaks in their work. The results should be an important source of information for maintenance staff and management of mining plants, needed to improve the economic efficiency of underground mining.

Casing While Drilling Application: Changing Mitigation to a Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Ruzhnikov ◽  
Fahad AlHosni ◽  
Edgar Garnica Echevarria ◽  
Rodrigo Varela
Keyword(s):  
Extensive Study ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Wellbore Instability ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Drilling Performance ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Pdc Bit ◽  
Low Torque ◽  
The Cost ◽  
A Performance

Abstract Well construction process through the unstable formations prone to total losses, pack-off and water influx is challenging. The manuscript describes the casing while drilling (CwD) combined with stage-cementing tool as introduced solution, when the challenge was to ensure that torque limit is not reached while drilling and estimate the effect of CwD on curing total losses and bring the casing while drilling performance to the level of conventional drilling. Introduction of CwD required extensive study of the potential torque while drilling as existing stage-cementing tools have low torque rating. Additionally, the casing fatigue may be a factor affecting the operations what lead to an introduction of magnetic particle casing inspection. The CwD bit design was adopted to the geological conditions based on best performance of the PDC bit, and originally selected drilling parameters were further optimized based on the result of the first runs. As the drilling of the well required utilization of mud cap for well control purposes, the mud recipes were adjusted to optimize the drilling performance and minimize the cost implication. The proposed solutions allowed to eliminate the problem with wellbore instability and related stuck pipe events. Further the proper engineering of the drilling process allowed significantly increase the rate of penetration since the beginning of the implementation, when the drilling torque never reached the limit even at 7,000 ft depth. The manuscript describes in detail the approach to make a proper design of CwD process focusing on prevention of existing problems and aiming to convert mitigation tool to a performance tool. Additionally, in details described the studied effect of CwD on curing total losses in highly fractured environment.

scholarly journals Analysis on Loose Circle of Surrounding Rock of Large Deformation Soft-Rock Tunnel

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Yiyuan Liu ◽  
Xianghui Deng ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Xiaodong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Deformation ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Soft Rock ◽  
Strength Criterion ◽  
Surrounding Rock ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Rock Tunnel

With the rapid development of tunnel construction in China, deep buried and long tunnel projects are emerging in areas with complex engineering geological conditions and harsh environment, and thus large deformation of tunnels under conditions of high in situ stress and soft rock becomes increasingly prominent and endangers engineering safety. Therefore, it is of great significance to control the deformation and improve the stability of surrounding rock by analyzing the thickness and distribution law of loose circle according to the unique mechanical properties and failure mechanism of surrounding rock of large deformation soft-rock tunnel. Based on unified strength theory, this paper deduces the radius calculation formula of the loose circle by considering the influence of intermediate principal stress. Furthermore, the theoretical calculations and field tests of the loose circle in the typical sections of grade II and III deformation of Yuntunbao tunnel are carried out, and the thickness and distribution law of loose circle of surrounding rock of large deformation soft-rock tunnel is revealed. The results show that the formula based on the unified strength criterion is applicable for a large deformation tunnel in soft rock.

scholarly journals Determination of the transfer step of the ore chute while mining the technogenic deposit of the bulk type

2020 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Peregudov ◽  
Ihor Hryhoriev ◽  
Serhii Joukov ◽  
Yulian Hryhoriev
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Scientific Task ◽  
Technogenic Deposit ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
The Cost

Further development of the open mining works on the domestic enterprises will be accompanied by the worsening of mining-geological conditions and declining of the quality of iron ore raw materials. In the same time, the accumulated mining wastes, that can make the technogenic deposits, pass into one of the important sources of the mineral raw materials. Taking into account this thing, the development and implementation of the modern technological circuits of the technogenic deposit development is an actual calling for mining industry, and determination and optimization of process conditions of the technogenic deposit development – is the scientific task of this publication. The obtained results of studies of the optimum step value of the ore chute transfer during the technogenic deposit development can be used by design organizations and mining enterprises for designing works. The obtained methodology and the proposed mathematical dependencies will reduce the cost of mining of the technogenic deposit due to the reasonable timely transfer of the open ore chute.

scholarly journals Cost overruns and delays in infrastructure projects: the case of Stuttgart 21

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertram I. Steininger ◽  
Martin Groth ◽  
Brigitte L. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Hyperbolic Discounting ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Hyperbolic Function ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Cost Overrun ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
The Cost

PurposeWe investigate causes for the cost overrun and delay of the railway project Stuttgart 21. Besides, we try to forecast the actual costs and completion date at an early stage.Design/methodology/approachThe results of exploratory research show the causes for the cost overrun and delay of Stuttgart 21; we compare our findings with other railway projects. To estimate the costs at an early stage, the reference class forecasting (RCF) model is applied; to estimate the time, we apply an OLS regression.FindingsWe find that the following causes are relevant for the cost overrun and delay of Stuttgart 21: scope changes, geological conditions, high risk-taking propensity, extended implementation, price overshoot, conflict of interests and lack of citizens' participation. The current estimated costs are within our 95% confidence interval based on RCF; our time forecast underestimates or substantially overestimates the duration actually required.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation of our approach is the low number of comparable projects which are available.Practical implicationsThe use of hyperbolic function or stepwise exponential discount function can help to give a clearer picture of the costs and benefits. The straightforward use of the RFC for costs and OLS for time should motivate more decision-makers to estimate the actual costs and time which are necessary in the light of the rising demand for democratic participation amongst citizens.Social implicationsMore realistic estimates can help to reduce the significant distortion at the beginning of infrastructure projects.Originality/valueWe are among the first who use the RCF to estimate the costs in Germany. Furthermore, the hyperbolic discounting function is added as a further theoretical explanation for cost underestimation.

Numerical Simulation Study on Three-Dimensional Seepage Field of Deep Excavation Dewatering in Thick Aquifer

2013 ◽  
Vol 353-356 ◽  
pp. 1305-1309
Author(s):  
Yan Jun Liu ◽  
Li Zhen Shen
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Deep Excavation ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Hydrogeological Parameters ◽  
Geological Conditions

This article describes the pumping test procedures and test results of the subway project 30m deep excavation dewatering in thick aquifer. A groundwater three-dimensional seepage numerical calculation model is established. We use the model to calculate and compare the calculated results and the actual results, obtain hydrogeological parameters by inversion. Further, we have a numerical simulation study on deep excavation dewatering with the hydrogeological parameters, the Simulation results and excavation pre-dewatering test results are consistent. Test results show that the model can reflect the deep excavation dewatering process with complex geological conditions.

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