scholarly journals The use of the respiratory protective devices by the population during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-532
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Shashina ◽  
Denis V. Shcherbakov ◽  
Tatiana S. Isiutina-Fedotkova ◽  
Valentina V. Makarova ◽  
Vitaly A. Sukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Mask ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Protective Devices ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Respiratory Protective Devices ◽  
The Face ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Introduction. Wearing a face mask is an important measure against spread of infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the study was to analyze various aspects of the face masks use by the population during the pandemic. The questioner was used. Results. Almost all respondents (96.4%) wore respiratory protective devices during the pandemic; 91.4% respondents worn face masks visiting grocery stores, pharmacies and medical organizations; 64.0% - visiting non-food trade facilities; 76.9% - travelling by surface transport, and 76.1% - being on the subway. Different types of face masks were used, 93.3% of respondents used disposable medical mask, 25.4% - reusable cloth masks. However, only 44.8% of respondents indicated that their protective equipment was made of non-woven material; 26.1% did not know how many layers their protective equipment contained; about a third of respondents (20.1% - 30.21%) were not able to assess the effectiveness of different types of respiratory protection. A third of the respondents (33.6%) wore a disposable medical mask for 2 hours, 35.2% - more than 2 hours in one day, 28.0% - for several days. Conclusions. Most of the respondents wore the face mask. Disposable medical masks were most commonly used. Requirements for the duration of wearing of face masks were met by about third of the respondents, for the handling - half of the respondents. Spontaneous choice of face mask by respondents confirms the importance of the development of hygiene guideline for choosing the most effective respiratory protection.

scholarly journals Comparison of Protection Factors for Selected Medical, Industrial and Military Masks

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Kournikakis ◽  
R. Kent Harding ◽  
J. R. A. Tremblay ◽  
Maureen Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Protective Devices ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Respiratory Protective Devices ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Level Of Risk

Personal protection against infectious or toxic aerosols is a growing area of concern among many different occupational groups. Selection of appropriate respiratory protection should be based upon the level of risk present and the degree of protection afforded by the different types of protective masks available. In this study we have determined the relative protection factors for various commercial and military respiratory protective devices when challenged with a polydispersed submicron to micron sized particulate aerosol.

scholarly journals Selected Respiratory Protective Devices: Respirators and Significance of Some Markings

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4988
Author(s):  
Pavel Otrisal ◽  
Constantin Bungau ◽  
Vladimír Obsel ◽  
Zdeněk Melicharik ◽  
Gabriela Tont
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
New Products ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Protective Devices ◽  
Respiratory Protective Devices ◽  
Full Knowledge

Currently, setting the obligation to use respiratory protective equipment with a level of protection of at least FFP2 in public transport and commercial and shopping centers are considered within the European Union. Many new products appeared on the European market within these specifications, and many symbols have been used. The paper deals with the meaning of selected respiratory protection based on respirators symbols and markings (which appeared massively, especially after the pandemic situation in the spring of 2020), these symbols not being uniformly understood and well communicated. We also mention and discuss some of the problems related to setting the conditions of public procurement, which affect respirators. Thus, this review is an “informative guide” in facilitating the understanding and use of full knowledge of the most appropriate respiratory protective devices in various situations.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Face Mask Use: A St. Kitts Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (T1) ◽  
pp. 346-352
Author(s):  
Yulia Kungurova ◽  
Ritha Mera ◽  
Evelyn Brewster ◽  
Khalil Ali ◽  
Adegbenro O.J. Fakoya
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Face

BACKGROUND: Mask wearing in the COVID-19 pandemic was previously hypothesized as a protective symbol that decreases compliance with other measures such as face touching and social distancing. However, the face mask is now central to the prevention of viral spread. AIM: In this paper, we looked at the shift of guidelines regarding mask use and the mask-wearing adherence habits of the Kittitian population at the onset of the pandemic. METHODS: In this study, we observed 468 individuals, each for 5 min, for the different types of face masks used and their adherence to the Center for Disease Control guidelines for the use of this personal protective equipment. We did the observation at three different locations at Basseterre, St. Kitts, from the 21st to April 30, 2020. RESULTS: We noted that 49.31% had medical-grade masks (N95 and surgical), 36.11% had improvised masks, and 14.74% had no facial covering. About 34% of persons with masks were not correctly covering their nose or mouth and 16.45% were touching their face with their hands. Wearing any face-covering appears to lead to more face touching than no covering at 18.25% versus 5.8%. The highest proportion of errors was seen in wearers of surgical masks, leaving the mouth/ nose uncovered at 12.08% of all errors. CONCLUSION: We recommend for public education and political efforts to increase adherence to mask use in conjunction with other protective measures such as social distancing and hand washing for curbing the COVID-19 transmission in St. Kitts and Nevis.

scholarly journals Use of Respiratory Protection Devices by Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5834
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Shashina ◽  
Valentina V. Makarova ◽  
Denis V. Shcherbakov ◽  
Tatiana S. Isiutina-Fedotkova ◽  
Nadezhda N. Zabroda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Protection Devices ◽  
Individual Use

The use of face masks has assumed a leading spot among nonspecific prevention measures during the coronavirus pandemic. The effectiveness of this protective measure depends on the specifics of individual use. The purpose of our study was to analyze the use of respiratory protective equipment (RPE) by medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The evaluation of face mask use was based on the results of a survey of medical students at Sechenov University. There were 988 participants in the study: 97.5% used RPE during the pandemic, 89.1% used disposable medical and hygienic face masks, 27.4% used reusable cloth face masks, and 13.2% used respirators. The majority of respondents (75.2%) were found to wear face masks correctly. However, 17.0% of the respondents were found to cover only their mouths with a face mask, while 7.8% reported often shifting their face mask under the chin due to perceived discomfort. Only 25.1% of respondents changed their disposable face mask after 2-3 h of wearing, while 13.0% decontaminated and used it several times. Most cloth face mask users (93.7%) decontaminated their marks, but only 55.7% of respondents did so daily. Face masks were most often worn in medical organizations (91.5%), and 1.4% of respondents did not use respiratory protection anywhere. In conclusion, we consider it necessary to introduce a special module on nonspecific prevention in the discipline of hygiene.

Protective Efficiency of Filtering Respirators

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Sergiy Cheberiachko ◽  
Olena Yavors’ka ◽  
Olena Stolbchenko ◽  
Dmytro Radchuk
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Protective Device ◽  
Protective Efficiency ◽  
Protective Devices ◽  
Respiratory Protective Devices ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Protective Effectiveness ◽  
Penetration Coefficient

In the article the dependence of protective efficiency of the respiratory protective devices on the filter penetration coefficient and leakage of the polluted air through sealing band was established. The leakage was determined by the ratio of the filter resistance and the sealing band. The relationship between increasing the filter resistance and worsening the protective effectiveness of respiratory protective device was established. Factors that worsen the respirator quality were determined: the gaps between the face and half-mask, weak tension of the head harness. Filter parameters that will ensure high efficiency for respirators of the second protection class were established.

scholarly journals Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foams with Reduced Flammability and Cytotoxicity

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Okrasa ◽  
Milena Leszczyńska ◽  
Kamila Sałasińska ◽  
Leonard Szczepkowski ◽  
Paweł Kozikowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Simultaneous Reduction ◽  
Protective Devices ◽  
Respiratory Protective Devices ◽  
The Face ◽  
Foam Properties ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Consistent and proper use of respiratory protective devices (RPD) is one of the essential actions that can be taken to reduce the risk of exposure to airborne hazards, i.e., biological and nonbiological aerosols, vapours, and gases. Proper fit of the facepiece and comfort properties of RPDs play a crucial role in effective protection and acceptance of RPDs by workers. The objective of the present paper was to develop viscoelastic polyurethane foams for use in RPD seals characterised by proper elasticity, allowing for the enhancement of the device fit to the face and the capability of removing moisture from the skin in order to improve the comfort of RPD use. Moreover, it was pivotal to ensure the non-flammability of the foams, as well as a simultaneous reduction in their cytotoxicity. The obtained foams were characterised using scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. Measurements also involved gel fraction, apparent density, compression set, rebound resilience, wettability, flammability, and cytotoxicity. The results are discussed in the context of the impact of modifications to the foam formulation (i.e., flame-retardant type and content) on the desired foam properties. The test results set directions for future works aimed to develop viscoelastic polyurethane foams that could be applied in the design of respiratory protective devices.

scholarly journals Face masks as layers of meaning in times of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 1354067X2095754
Author(s):  
Luca Tateo
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
The Other ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Way

The pandemic of COVID-19 has brought to the front a particular object: the face mask. I have explored the way people make-meaning of an object generally associated with the medical context that, under exceptional circumstances, can become a presence in everyday life. Understanding how people make meaning of their use is important. Using cultural psychology, I analyse preferences toward different types of face masks people would wear in public. The study involved 2 groups, 44 Norwegian university students and 60 international academics. In particular, I have focused on the role of the mask in regulating people affective experience. The mask evokes safety and fear, it mediates in the auto-dialogue between “I” and “Me” through the “Other”, and in the hetero-dialogue between “I” and the “Other” through “Me” The dialogue is characterized by a certain ambivalence, as expected. Meaning-making is indeed the way to deal with the ambivalence of human existence.

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