scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE JURY INSTITUTE AS A GUARANTEE OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE UKRAINIAN MODERN JUDICIAL SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
I. V. Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Personal Data ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Jury Trial ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
General Conditions

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and practical problems related to the formation and functioning of the jury in Ukraine. The work analyzes the legislation of Ukraine, the scientific positions of domestic and foreign scientists-proceduralists on the formation and functioning of the jury. The essence, the order of formation, the peculiarities of the functioning of the jury trial, the elements of the jury's protection during his activities related to the administration of justice are clarified. It is determined that the practice of jurors, there are difficulties in understanding the jury as a source of evidence protocols of covert investigative (search) actions and materials of operational and investigative measures, due to the specifics of these materials. It is therefore important to explain to the jury the purpose for which, for example, the personal data of persons who participated in covert investigative (search) actions were changed in the protocols in order to remove any doubts about the authenticity of these documents. The prosecutor must explain to the jury the general conditions for conducting covert investigative (search) actions. Difficulties also arise during the examination of testimony given during the pre-trial investigation to the investigating judge, as jurors usually do not directly accept the testimony of such persons. and law. Such a model fully fits into the European continental model of criminal procedure and in modern conditions, taking into account reasonable proposals to improve the trial of juries, will ensure the proper participation of people in criminal proceedings.A number of proposals and recommendations have been developed to improve the legal regulation of the formation and activities of the jury in Ukraine.

scholarly journals The Role of the Russian Judicial Reform in Improving Judicial and Pre-Trial Proceedings in the Criminal Procedure in Modern Times

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
T. I. Otcheskaya ◽  
N. V. Mishakova
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Empirical Research Methods

The judicial reform implemented in the Russian Federation and the ongoing judicial construction remain the most important directions of state policy. The paper contains a comprehensive analysis of the organizational foundations of the judiciary, an understanding of the constitutional principles of the judicial system and its features, and includes a study of criminal procedure legislation at various stages of the formation of the Russian state. The methodological basis of the study is a combination of theoretical and empirical research methods. The combination of the analytical and comparative legal method made it possible to form an idea of the evolution of the judicial system and criminal procedure legislation, to compare the legal acts regulating the judicial system and legal proceedings, which made it possible to draw conclusions about the achievements and shortcomings of legal regulation of the area in question. In general, the authors conclude that the reform of the judiciary is positive, since it will increase the accessibility, effectiveness and transparency of justice — the triumph of justice based on the rule of law.

scholarly journals Certain issues of exercising the right of citizens to participate in administration of criminal justice in the Russian Federation at the current stage

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Albina Olegovna Shikhovtsova
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Jury Trial ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Right

The object of this research is the constitutional framework of the institution of citizens’ participation in administration of justice, viewed as the fundamental principles of relationship between the democratic state and its citizens. Participation of citizens in court as lay judges is of constitutional nature. One of the forms of citizen’s participation in administration of criminal justice in particular is the jury trial. The goal of this research consists in the analysis of certain aspects of mechanism of exercising the right of citizens to participate in administration of criminal justice in the Russian Federation, as well as in development of recommendations for its improvement.  Leaning on the dialectical, systematic, formal-legal, comparative-legal, structural-functional and sociological methods, the author analyzes the current situation pertinent of exercising by the citizens of the Russian Federation of the constitutional right to participate in administration of justice, and substantiated the feasibility of measures for creating conditions for the more active implementation of such right in the area of criminal justice. The author reveals the reasons of passive attitude of the citizens of the Russian Federation towards implementation of their constitutional right to participate in administration of justice as jury, and concludes on the need for taking certain measures on the federal level aimed at attraction of citizens in administration of justice: increase of the legal culture of population, increase of the level of information awareness of the citizens about the jury trial; revision of legal regulation of the procedure of formation of the jury.

scholarly journals Recent trends in the development of legal regulation in the sphere of ensuring information security of the judicial system in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Andrei Kirillovich Duben'
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
The Impact

This article explores the questions of information security in the conditions of digital transformation and improvement of state administration. The author analyzes the impact of these challenges upon the judicial system overall and legal support of information security. Considering the existing scientific research and foreign experience, the conclusion is made on modernization of digital interaction on the issues of notifying the parties about the court hearing. Special attention is given to the institution of identification. Vectors in the development of complex institution of identification in the conditions of digital transformation are outlined. The author analyzes the case law material of the courts of general jurisdiction pertaining to personal data protection of a particular category of citizens; as well as substantiates the importance of digital notification of the parties to court proceedings for preventing the abuse of procedural rights by unconscientious participants. The author believes that formalization of prohibition on posting court documents online, in cases involving military personnel or persons doing military service, would ensure personal data protection of a particular category of citizens. . The conclusion is made that the highlighted issues of ensuring information security in the context of administration of justice testify to poor legal regulation of the institutions of identification and personal data. The consolidation of the uniform principles of legal regulation of relations that arise in the process of consideration and resolution of court cases with the use of information and telecommunications technologies, would allow countering the new challenges and threats in the information sphere, as well as the impact of globalization upon determination of the national strategy for the development of information society.

Problems of establishment and development of the Institution of personal data protection in the Russian Federation: historical-legal aspect

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Yanis Arturovich Sekste ◽  
Anna Sergeevna Markevich
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
The Russian Federation

The subject of this research is the problems emerging in the process of establishment and development of the Institution of personal data protection in the Russian Federation. Special attention is turned to the comparison of Soviet and Western models of protection of private life and personal data. The authors used interdisciplinary approach, as comprehensive and coherent understanding of socio-legal institution of personal data protection in the Russian Federation is only possible in inseparable connection with examination of peculiarities of the key historical stages in legal regulation of private life of the citizen. After dissolution of the Soviet political and legal system, the primary task of Russian law consisted in development and legal formalization of the institution of protection of human and civil rights and freedoms, first and foremost by means of restricting invasion of privacy by the state and enjoyment of personal freedom. It is concluded that the peculiarities of development of the new Russian political and legal model significantly impacted the formation of the institution of personal data protection in the Russian Federation. The authors believe that the Russian legislator and competent government branches are not always capable to manage the entire information flow of personal data; therefore, one of the priority tasks in modern Russian society is the permanent analysis and constant monitoring of the development of information technologies.

INSTITUTE OF TRIAL BY JURY IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE: ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Komiljonov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Jury Trial ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Jury System ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Moment

The article examines the Genesis of the institution of jury trial in the Russian Empire from the moment of its introduction to the end of the Provisional government. It is noted that the emergence of a trial with the participation of jurors was influenced by Western models of the judicial process, and the forms of participation of citizens in the administration of justice that previously existed on the territory of the Russian state were taken into account. The role that the jury system has played with some success in the search for truth, justice, and the implementation of effective and independent justice in the past centuries is particularly highlighted.

LEGAL REGULATION OF THE USE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES IN THE PENAL SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Анна Николаевна Королева
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Arbitration Process ◽  
Duration Of Storage

Беспилотные воздушные суда и беспилотные авиационные системы становятся частью повседневной жизни, в том числе в деятельности органов и учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы. В статье исследован исторический аспект появления беспилотных воздушных судов в России и зарубежных странах, необходимость, типовые задачи и особенности правового регулирования использования беспилотных воздушных судов в уголовно-исполнительной системе. Однако ряд вопросов до настоящего времени является предметом дискуссии и требуют правового регулирования. Современные технологии позволяют оснастить беспилотные воздушные суда различными приборами, придающими им дополнительные функциональные характеристики: приборами видео- и фотофиксации, тепловизором, громкоговорителем, оружием. В зарубежных странах сложилась разная практика регулирования: от разрешения использования беспилотных воздушных судов с оружием в правоохранительной деятельности и уголовно-исполнительной системе (США, Великобритания и др.) до протестов гражданского общества и требований законодательного запрещения использования беспилотных воздушных судов, способных причинить вред человеку. Не решены вопросы в части регулирования порядка сбора, обработки, передачи и хранения (в том числе длительности хранения) информации, полученной в ходе видео- и фотофиксации, включая передачу информации, содержащей персональные данные гражданина, в частности, его изображение. Обсуждается вопрос о соблюдении прав человека и гражданина, в том числе осужденного, при получении и использовании информации, полученной при помощи беспилотных воздушных судов в деятельности органов и учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы. Требуется внесение изменений в процессуальное законодательство в части регулирования использования данных, полученных при помощи беспилотных воздушных судов, как доказательств, а также в целом их юридическое значение в административном, уголовном, гражданском (арбитражном) процессе. Необходимо урегулирование вопросов ответственности сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы, которые могут превысить полномочия с помощью использования беспилотных воздушных судов. В рамках Национальной технологической инициативы происходит активное развитие рынка АэроНет, поэтому беспилотные воздушные суда в деятельности уголовно-исполнительной системы могут стать частью этого рынка. Unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned aircraft systems are becoming part of everyday life, including in the activities of bodies and institutions of the penal system. The article examines the historical aspect of the appearance of unmanned aerial vehicles in Russia and foreign countries, the need, typical tasks and features of the legal regulation of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in the penal system. However, a number of issues are still the subject of discussion and require legal regulation. Modern technologies make it possible to equip unmanned aerial vehicles with various functional characteristics, ranging from video and photo capture, the availability of a thermal imager, a loudspeaker, to weapons. In different countries, different regulatory practices have developed: from allowing unmanned aerial vehicles with weapons in law enforcement and the penal system (USA, UK, etc.) to civil society protests and the requirements of the legislative prohibition on the use of unmanned aircraft that can cause harm to humans. Unresolved issues regarding the regulation of the procedure for collecting, processing, transferring and storing (including the duration of storage) of information obtained during video and photo recording, including the transmission of information containing personal data of a citizen, including its image. The issue of observing the human rights of a citizen, including a convict, is discussed when receiving and using information received by unmanned aerial vehicles in the activities of bodies and institutions of the penal system. Amendments to the procedural legislation are required in terms of regulating the use of data obtained by unmanned aerial vehicles as evidence, as well as in general their legal significance in the administrative, criminal, civil (arbitration) process. It is necessary to resolve the issues of responsibility of employees of the penitentiary system, which may exceed their authority through the use of unmanned aerial vehicles. As part of the National Technological Initiative, the AeroNet market is actively developing, therefore unmanned aerial vehicles in the activities of the penitentiary system can become part of this market.

The Court System of China in the Digital Age: Main Developmet Ditections

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
P. V. Troshchinskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
General Level ◽  
Court System ◽  
The People ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
The Status

The article is devoted to the study of the process of introducing digital technologies into the work of the People’s Courts of China and the issues of its legal regulation. The judicial system of the modern Chinese state is based on courts of three levels and two courts. Judicial bodies include the Supreme People’s Court, local people's courts, military courts and other special courts. For several years, various digital technologies have been used in all Chinese courts. In addition, since August 2017, special Internet courts have appeared in the PRC (three such courts have now been created in Hangzhou, Beijing and Guangzhou), which consider civil, administrative and criminal cases online without the personal presence of participants. The use of digital technologies in the judicial system of the PRC contributes to its transparency, reducing corruption, combating the spread of coronavirus, increasing the general level of legal literacy of the people. So, the creation of a unified platform for online broadcasting of court hearings online, the public disclosure of court sentences (decisions, rulings) in various categories of cases allows society to control the activities of the people's courts of the country. Considering the case online during the confrontation of the coronavirus epidemic prevents the spread of infection among participants in the process. The experience of China in the large-scale implementation of digital technologies in judicial activity is not only of scientific interest, but also important from a practical point of view for the Russian expert community. The Russian Federation has also embarked on the path of using digital technologies in litigation, but China is following it ahead of the schedule, which is important in terms of studying the results it has achieved and the mistakes made so that the Russian legislator can take them into account in their law-making activities. It is also important that China, in the process of digitalizing its national system, uses exclusively national platforms and databases. Access to information by foreign intelligence services is not possible. The main providers of digital services for the judicial system are also national corporations, which legally have the status of private companies, but in fact they are completely controlled by the СРС.

ARBITRATION FLASH JUSTICE?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-77
Author(s):  
A.R. SULTANOV
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
External Conditions

In this article, the author attempts to comprehensively consider such a concept as “flash justice”. The study of this concept, new for Russian science, takes place through the prism of law enforcement practice and the use of many illustrative examples of judicial acts, interviews with representatives of the judicial system and other sources of information. The mentioned phenomenon is considered and evaluated from the point of view of not only civil and arbitration, but also criminal proceedings, where examples are more colorful and clear. The author also cites foreign, in particular English, legal experience as an example. Thus, it is noted that a draft judicial act can be prepared by both the court staff, and its individual provisions can be prepared by the parties. At the same time, the existing guarantees related to the prevention of misleading the judge, as the author notes, contribute to the formulation of the draft court decision, which reflects only the objective facts established by the court and meets the criteria of truth and legality. Also, the article indirectly touches on certain retrospective aspects related to the development of the institution of judicial decision, as well as its transformations in the light of the changing external conditions of the administration of justice.

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