scholarly journals The moral conduct. Ethical dilemmas, the role of the deontological code in social work

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 675-679
Author(s):  
Nina Stănescu
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Moral Conduct ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Moral Crisis ◽  
Ethical Component ◽  
The Individual ◽  
As If

The most acute symptom of modernity is the ethical component of society, the so-called spiritual crisis. The essence of moral crisis consists in reducing religiosity; the major effects of diminishing religiosity are: blind obsession for money, selfishness, proliferation of the lack of honesty, decline of the family as a social institution, public proliferation of sexuality, increase of discord, amplification of conflicts of all kinds (between individuals, between the individual and society, between social groups, between generations). The real world alienated itself and even broke away entirely from the world of spiritual, social and moral life. Nowadays, we talk about science, politics, religion, culture, economics, as if they were different fields, as if the involvement of a problem from one field into another field would not be allowed. In this sense, culture should not be involved in matters of science, morality cannot be compatible with business; and in politics we cannot guide ourselves by moral principles. Such attitudes lead to antisocial and deviant patterns of behavior: lying, violence, discrimination, corruption, tax evasion, crime etc.

scholarly journals Role of Armed Police Force, Nepal to Protect and Promotion of Human Rights

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Surya Prasad Timilsena
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Police Services ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Human Rights Violation

 The present article reveals the role and policy of Armed Police Force Nepal in safeguarding human rights. One of the primary missions of the APF Nepal is to protect the citizens from criminal activity and criminal elements and to maintain public order. This duty includes protecting the rights of every citizen. Armed forces have the duty to protect the individual human rights of every person they encounter. This is an affirmative duty, meaning the police services cannot knowingly ignore or intentionally fail to act when a human rights violation is observed. The Armed Police Force has mandated tasks related to protection, promotion, respect and fulfillment of human rights from various aspects. The research has reached in conclusion: Human rights are moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of human behavior and are regularly protected as a legal right in municipal and international law. They are commonly understood as inalienable, universal and indivisible fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being. To achieve this objective APF Nepal has adopted zero tolerance in Human Rights violations and following national and international human rights instrument that have been adopted by Nepal.

scholarly journals Personal Socialization as a Subject of Psychological, Pedagogical and Sociological Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Kovalenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sociological Research ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Active Subject ◽  
Internal Position ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Pedagogical Research ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Active Interaction

The article deals the problem of personality socialization in philosophical, sociological, psychological and pedagogical research. In philosophical context, the process of socialization means the development of a personality in the phylogenetic and ontogenetic terms, which determines the role of this process in the development of not only an individual, but society as a whole; socialization involves active interaction between the individual and society. In a sociological context, socialization is seen as the acceptance of social norms, rules, and models of behavior in the context of culture, highlighting the active or passive role of the person himself in this process. In the psychological context, socialization theories reveal the specifics of the development of various aspects of personality. Socialization is viewed as the development of individual properties and qualities of a person in the process of interaction with the environment. On the basis of social experience is the internal position of the individual, her individuality, which indicates her active position in the process of socialization. In pedagogical research, socialization is investigated in the aspect of the upbringing process. Socialization is viewed as a controlled and purposeful process of forming in a student the values, norms, attitudes, patterns of behavior inherent in a given society, which will allow the student to perform the most important function of the student's transition from the object of training and education to the subject of social development, and in the future - to an active subject of self-education and self-development.

Institutionalizing the Just War

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Just War ◽  
Just War Theory ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Institutional Innovation ◽  
Institutional Processes ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Morality Of War ◽  
As If

This book challenges traditional and contemporary just war theorizing, by taking seriously the role of social practices and institutions in decisions to go to war. It argues that which substantive moral principles regarding the initiation of war are valid can depend upon the institutional processes within which the decisions are made. Traditional and mainstream contemporary just war theorists proceed as if institutions don’t exist or as if existing institutional resources for influencing decision-making are so negligible that they may be disregarded. They fail to consider the possibility that institutional innovations could improve recourse to war decisions and that the fact that this is so has important implications for the morality of war-making. The first six chapters of the book lay out the case for institutionalizing the just war—for rethinking just war theory with due regard for the fact that institutional realities and possibilities shape the morality of war. The last two chapters advance concrete, feasible proposals for much-needed institutional innovation.

On Social, Moral, and Linguistic Norms

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-62
Author(s):  
Neil Roughley ◽  
Kurt Bayertz
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Collective Intentionality ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Linguistic Rules ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Action Guidance ◽  
Evolutionary Explanations

This chapter summarises the contributions to the volume The Normative Animal? On the Anthropological Significance of Social, Moral and Linguistic Norms. The contributions are divided into three sections in line with the tripartite division of the types of norms discussed in the volume. The key claims of the individual chapters are presented and set into relation to one another, and a number of issues raised by competition between the claims are highlighted. This prepares the ground for an assessment of the normative animal thesis in the light of the varying accounts both of specific deontic phenomena and of normativity in general. Central issues concern the concepts of social norms and conventions, the relative importance of coordination and cooperation, the nature and role of collective intentionality, the place of norms in evolutionary explanations, and the structure of normative action guidance. Decisive for the normative animal thesis are the questions as to whether moral principles and linguistic rules are correctly characterised as both real and deontic in the same senses in which these characterisations apply to social norms.

scholarly journals The Phenomenon of Soviet Holiday

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-108
Author(s):  
Vladimir M. Storchak ◽  
OLGA OGORODNIKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Functional Significance ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Artistic Expression ◽  
Traditional Calendar ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

The article is aimed at studying theore­tical aspects of the concept of “holiday” in the context of the category of “social institution”; presenting the main etymological and substantive components of holiday — generally accepted and historically established rules and regulations, the order and way of action that are observed by virtue of well-established traditions, stereotypical behavior, etc.The article analyzes the specifics of holiday closely associated with the archetypal need for its existence, the ambivalence of holiday, its democracy, calendar character, magnitude, and entertainment.The authors study the functional significance of ho­liday. They demonstrate the role of holidays in sha­ping common experiences among actors of the social groups arising in the course of interaction, which in turn reinforce the individual experiences of parti­cipants and send them in a common direction, encou­raging joint active participation in the life of society.In terms of classification of Soviet holiday, the article identifies the following positions: national and revolutionary holidays, labor ones, traditional calendar-household ones, family-public ones, etc.The article considers the structure of Soviet holiday and its main elements, including the idea and event, moral and psychological content, social memory, principles of organization, and means of ideological and artistic expression.

Ethical considerations in biomedical research: A personal view

Cephalalgia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 507-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Dahlöf
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory System ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Personal View ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
The Individual

Premise Ethical considerations are made when an experiment is planned and take a regulatory system of moral principles into account. Discussion Ethical considerations should first and foremost be made in order to protect the individual subject/animal from being exposed to any unethical and perhaps even illegal intervention and to ensure that the experimental conditions used are appropriate. Summary The main role of research ethics committees is to assess the scientific and ethical aspects of submitted protocols and follow up the trial until its closure.

A Zoo of Self-Replicators

2010 ◽  
pp. 379-426
Author(s):  
Eleonora Bilotta ◽  
Pietro Pantano
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Species Level ◽  
External Observer ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Developmental Dynamics ◽  
As If

Our basic metaphor: in this chapter, we present a taxonomy of self-replicators - as if they were animals in a zoo. In the zoo, we play the role of an external observer (a zoologist) whose role is to describe the animals (artificial organisms) and their behavior. Different species reproduce in different ways - some sexually, some asexually. We observe differences in their developmental dynamics and differences in the way they adapt to their environment. In each case, what we see are life-like self-replicators, each adapted to a specific habitat. In Chapters 7 and 8, we have seen how evolutionary techniques can create a broad variety of self-replicators. The complex ways in which these self-replicators grow, reproduce and become extinct bring to mind the behavior of biological systems. In Chapter 11, we examined their genetics. Here we examine their behavior at the individual and the species level, applying a range of observational and experimental methods and using the results as the basis for a taxonomy.

scholarly journals Sustainable development and the role of instrumentalism concepts for social institutions and educational system

2021 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 06004
Author(s):  
Tatiana Bilan ◽  
Nataliia Lakusha ◽  
Oksana Petriv ◽  
Svitlana Sylkina
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Model Management ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Educational Management ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Personal Consciousness ◽  
The Individual

The conception of pragmatism and the educational theory deriving from it are quite popular in management systems and social sciences in the context of the need of implementing sustainable development strategies. This is facilitated, firstly, by the combination in the renewed conceptions of this trend of its bottom-up positions with the ideas of other worldview trends – neo-positivism, existentialism, neoFreudism – which enabled enriching the categorical apparatus and general theoretical content of the educational model, management and social education of pragmatism, while preserving the spirit of the conception. Secondly, the changes undergone by the conception of pragmatism in education have allowed it to successfully integrate into the currently intensified general trend of understanding educational management as a process of socialization of the individual, his/her adaptation to the existing values of Western society. In this context, it is a matter of assessing human behavior not in terms of whether it is consistent with fixed, „eternal‟ moral principles, but rather in terms of the practical results that human actions contribute to the achievement of a given aim. This aim was understood in different ways: some identified it with the development of personal consciousness, while others linked it to self-improvement or integrity, still others linked it to the ultimate development of all human faculties, etc. Obviously, the very desire for such a shift in the assessment of human behavior reflected the fact that the absolute principles and norms of classical ethics were no longer „working‟ under the new social conditions; a more sophisticated criterion was needed to evaluate behavior in the context of constantly changing factors in social and individual life.

scholarly journals Moral and Psychological Stability of Police Officers in the System of Their Professionally Important Qualities

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
I. V. Klymenko
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
The Individual

Issues related to the assessment of the professionalism of police officers are inevitably intertwined with the increasing role of the moral foundations of their activities. The implementation of generally accepted rules of conduct, which are formed in the legal consciousness of the individual, reflects the level of his moral and legal thinking. In our context, the peculiarity of morality is that it is manifested not only in the content of the police, but also in the form of its implementation, playing the role of the most important factor in assessing the work of the police by society. Moral and psychological stability is considered as a determining factor of public confidence in the police. The author has singled out psychological structure of this characteristic, namely: motivational component, the indicators of which are a positive attitude to service, awareness of the importance of conscientious performance of official tasks and conscious desire to perform professional duties, belief in the value of moral norms and the need to subordinate own behavior; cognitive component, which includes knowledge of the legal basis of professional activity, ethical requirements of police officers’ behavior, the rules of use of physical force, special means and firearms; professional-personal component, which contains such professional moral and psychological qualities as professional honor, justice, decency, honesty, compassion and empathy, attitude to the rule of law, discipline, humanity, responsibility and a reflective component that characterizes the ability of a police officer to analyze phenomena of own consciousness and activity and assess the level of formation of moral and psychological stability, ability to effectively solve job problems. The reasons of the existing problems in realization of moral principles of professional activity of police officers are defined. The ways of formation of high moral and psychological stability of police officers, first of all, through departmental education are offered.

scholarly journals Education as a Genuine Social and Personal Value

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Nataliya Machynska ◽  
Yuliya Derkach
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Individual Learning ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Independent Individual

Education is considered to play the role of social institution which transmits basiccultural values and goals of society. It helps to create new things not forgetting about the old ones.The process of education turns and directs the life of society, saving even of the smallest value tohumans. Education has the capacity to design individual skills and values, to increase the mobilityof the individual in society being the main source of forming a certain system of human values. Aperson who is able to live effectively and work in a global environment should be prepared byeducation. Education as a personal value is displayed through the implementation of tasks ofpatriotic education, which is important because of a sense of belonging to a nation and state. Inorder the education to become valuable for everybody, it is necessary it to give the key knowledge.To encourage a new generation of independent, individual learning, that will reflect in the desire todo something and to create something

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