scholarly journals Efficacy of Softball Face Masks at Reducing Linear and Rotational Head Acceleration

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacie Burroughs ◽  
Robert Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Head Acceleration ◽  
Ball Speed ◽  
Impact Location ◽  
Study Results

This research study looked at the efficacy of infield softball face masks at reducing concussion risk. The primary goal of this research was to contrast head accelerations experienced during softball impacts for different brands of softball face masks. In order to achieve this goal, a surrogate headform equipped with different brands of face masks was impacted at a constant impact location and ball speed. The resulting headform accelerations (linear and rotational) were collected with a Vernier accelerometer upon each impact and analyzed. The results of the study showed that all tested brands of face masks were successful at reducing head acceleration severity. Moreover, significant differences in performance were observed between the different brands of face masks. One can conclude from this research that particular brands of face masks can more effectively reduce concussion risk because they better reduce head acceleration values. Due to the study results, softball players may have a better understanding of face mask performance, which could lead to higher mask implementation in the sport and an overall reduction in softball-related concussion occurrence.

scholarly journals Seaports during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Terminal Operators’ Tactical Responses to Disruptions in Maritime Supply Chains

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4339
Author(s):  
Marta Mańkowska ◽  
Michał Pluciński ◽  
Izabela Kotowska ◽  
Ludmiła Filina-Dawidowicz
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Main Function ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Tactical Decisions

The world-wide crisis caused by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a significant impact on the global economy functioning and the sustainable development of supply chains. The changes also affected seaports being the key links of maritime supply chains. The purpose of the research study described in this article was to identify the sources and kinds of disruptions observed in various maritime supply chains as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on the operations of various types of seaport terminals, namely those serving bulk (universal, specialised) and general cargoes (universal, specialised). An additional purpose was to identify the dependencies between the type of terminal and its main function, and the tactical decisions adopted by the particular terminals. The research was carried out using the multiple-case study method. The study covered some selected port terminals functioning in Polish seaports (Gdańsk, Szczecin, Świnoujście), applying direct, semi-structured in-depth interviews. The analysis of the results was carried out using the inductive reasoning method. The research study has shown that as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic some maritime supply chains ceased to exist, some of them were operating with decreased cargo volumes, while in other cases the transshipment volumes actually rose during the pandemic. Among terminal operators’ tactical responses to disruptions in maritime supply chains, there were pro-active and adaptive measures. Pro-active (offensive) measures included actions taken by an enterprise in order to engage in new maritime supply chains, and even participating in establishing new maritime chains in response to limitations caused by the pandemic. Adaptive (defensive) measures covered actions taken by the port terminals as a consequence of changes in the existing maritime supply chains, caused by the pandemic in the port’s foreland or hinterland. The research study results revealed that the terminals extent of engagement and tactical decisions related to the pandemic were depended on the type of terminal (universal or specialised) and its main function played within a supply chain.

scholarly journals Vybrané charakteristiky výkonu ve sportovní gymnastice a jejich diagnostika

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Jan Chrudimský ◽  
Michal Šteffl
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Dynamic Power ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Rate Dynamic ◽  
Qualitative Changes

By the content of article we are bringing a view about research study results, which deal with identification achievement in men’s and women’s artistic gymnastics and at the same time brings scope of their diagnostics. The characteristic attribute of artistic gymnastics achievement is correct and formally excellent realizations of different gymnastic skills with variety of their difficulty. Qualitative changes of gymnastics achievements are followed by many morphological, structural and their results from functional changes, which is useful longitudinally monitor and evaluate. As the most frequently are possible designate tests of static and dynamic power, anaerobic and aerobic capacity and also a test of heart rate dynamic during gymnastics competitions.

scholarly journals Correlation between the Amount of Anti-D Antibodies and IgG Subclasses with Severity of Haemolytic Disease of Foetus and Newborn

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilija Velkova
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Foetal Death ◽  
Hemolytic Disease ◽  
Haemolytic Disease ◽  
A Value ◽  
Weak Intensity ◽  
Study Results

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of subclasses to IgG anti-D on the intensity of hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn (HDFN) at 45 fetuses/newborns with symptoms of mild and severe HDFN in Republic of Macedonia.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In retrospective and prospective studies, in a period of 10 years, from 2004 to 2014, there have been immunohemathology tests performed on 22 009 samples on serums of pregnant women.RESULTS: At 37.78% of the total number of tested patients, IgG1 and IgG3 was the reason for severe HDFN. At 17.77% of the total number of tested patients, which had only IgG1detected, was the reason for serious intensity of HDFN. The correlation of the titer to anti-D antibodies in the mother’s serum and the intensity of HDFN were researched in 48 newborns. The titers between 1:8 and 1:32 resulted in 3 cases of HDFN with symptoms of severe disease and in 4 cases there were no signs of HDFN. At 12 women that had a titre between 1:32 and 1:512, five of the newborns developed severe HDFN, and seven had symptoms of mild and weak intensity form. In 3 cases the titer was higher than 512, and out of them one newborn had weak symptoms of HDFN, one developed severe HDFN and one ended with foetal death. Only in one case the titer reached a value higher than 1000, and it ended with a fetal death.CONCLUSIONS: The titers of the pregnant women serum those are lower than 32 and those higher than 1000 can well predict HDFN. The titers of anti-D antibodies between 64 and 512 have no exact predictive value. IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses of anti-D have no predictive value by themselves, and cannot foresee the outcome of HDFN. The research study results suggest that IgG1 and IgG3 should be included in a multi – parameter protocol for evaluation of the HDFN intensity. They can give a real assessment of the expected HDFN intensity in combination with the titer hight and the significance of the antibodies.

scholarly journals Changes in evidence for studies assessing interventions for COVID-19 reported in preprints: meta-research study

BMC Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Oikonomidi ◽  
◽  
Isabelle Boutron ◽  
Olivier Pierre ◽  
Guillaume Cabanac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Event Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Effect Estimate ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Intervention Effect ◽  
Single Study ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract Background The increasing use of preprints to disseminate evidence on the effect of interventions for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to multiple evidence sources for a single study, which may differ in the reported evidence. We aim to describe the proportion of evidence on the effect of interventions for COVID-19 from preprints and journal articles and map changes in evidence between and within different sources reporting on the same study. Methods Meta-research study. We screened the Cochrane living systematic review and network meta-analysis (COVID-NMA) database to identify all preprints and journal articles on all studies assessing interventions for COVID-19 published up to 15 August 2020. We compared all evidence sources (i.e., preprint and associated journal article) and the first and latest versions of preprints for each study to identify changes in two evidence components: study results (e.g., numeric change in hazard ratio, odds ratio, event rate, or change in p value > or < 0.05 in any outcome) and abstract conclusions (classified as positive, negative or neutral regarding the intervention effect, and as reporting uncertainty in the findings or not). Changes in study results were further classified as important changes if they (1) represented a change in any effect estimate by ≥ 10% and/or (2) led to a change in the p value crossing the threshold of 0.05. Results We identified 556 studies. In total, 338 (61%) had been reported in a preprint: 66 (20%) of these had an associated journal article (median time to publication 76 days [interquartile range (IQR) 55–106]) and 91 (27%) had > 1 preprint version. A total of 139 studies (25% of the overall sample) were reported in multiple evidence sources or versions of the same source: for 63 (45%), there was a change in at least one evidence component between or within sources (42 [30%] had a change in study results, and in 29 [21%] the change was classified as important; 33 [24%] had a change in the abstract conclusion). For studies with both a preprint and an article, a median of 29% (IQR 14–50) of total citations were attributed to the preprint instead of the article. Conclusions Results on the effect of interventions for COVID-19 are often reported in multiple evidence sources or source versions for a single study. Evidence is not stable between and within evidence sources. Real-time linkage of all sources per study could help to keep systematic reviews up-to-date.

The institution of a Multi‐disciplinary Italian Breast Unit: Reflections of the first psychosocial research study results on distress and quality of life

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-681
Author(s):  
Francesca Dionigi ◽  
Roberta Milani ◽  
Carlos Alberto Garcia‐Etienne ◽  
Vincenza Praticò ◽  
Giuseppina Riboni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Breast Unit ◽  
Study Results

scholarly journals A Research Study on Digital Transformation Inevitable In Post COVID Era - The New Normal in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Krishna Kulin Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
World Health ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Health Organization

The whole world fights against the Corona Virus Disease which is also known as “COVID-19”. This new virus is an infectious disease which spreads through the droplets from the person infected with this virus coughs or sneezes, thus a person has to protect himself by wearing face mask, wash the hands frequently and maintain social distancing to stop the spread of this newly discovered virus corona virus. The infection is continuously increasing at a very fast pace and thus different countries according to the number of cases imposed complete lockdown where only emergency services like medical, and essentials like food, vegetables and milk was made available. The disease has been declared as the Pandemic by the world health organization due to the spread of the disease in the whole world. Thus, digital transformation was inevitable to adopted by all for the continual existence and control the spread of the disease of business and academic activities. This article is a research study on digital transformation which is inevitable in post Covid era which is the new normal in India.

Validation of a Noninvasive System for Measuring Head Acceleration for Use during Boxing Competition

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan G. Beckwith ◽  
Jeffrey J. Chu ◽  
Richard M. Greenwald
Keyword(s):  
Severity Index ◽  
Rotational Acceleration ◽  
Head Acceleration ◽  
Measuring Head ◽  
Head Injury Criterion ◽  
Impact Location ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Biomechanical Factors ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability ◽  
Impact Events

Although the epidemiology and mechanics of concussion in sports have been investigated for many years, the biomechanical factors that contribute to mild traumatic brain injury remain unclear because of the difficulties in measuring impact events in the field. The purpose of this study was to validate an instrumented boxing headgear (IBH) that can be used to measure impact severity and location during play. The instrumented boxing headgear data were processed to determine linear and rotational acceleration at the head center of gravity, impact location, and impact severity metrics, such as the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) and Gadd Severity Index (GSI). The instrumented boxing headgear was fitted to a Hybrid III (HIII) head form and impacted with a weighted pendulum to characterize accuracy and repeatability. Fifty-six impacts over 3 speeds and 5 locations were used to simulate blows most commonly observed in boxing. A high correlation between the HIII and instrumented boxing headgear was established for peak linear and rotational acceleration (r2= 0.91), HIC (r2= 0.88), and GSI (r2= 0.89). Mean location error was 9.7 ± 5.2°. Based on this study, the IBH is a valid system for measuring head acceleration and impact location that can be integrated into training and competition.

IN SEARCH OF ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITIES — AN INTEGRATED MODEL

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 249-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
HERNAN E. RIQUELME
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Opportunity Recognition ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunity ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunities ◽  
Study Results

The aim of this research study is to test an integrative model of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition based on theories of cognition, social capital, environmental development and personality. 240 entrepreneurs in the services industry participated in this survey. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the model and find the factors that predict entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. Overall, eight hypotheses were tested and six were supported. Schema was found to be the strongest significant variable amongst all. The study results indicate that entrepreneurs who discover opportunities organize prior knowledge and information related to their field in a manner that is easily accessible, have confidence in themselves, use social networks (both weak and strong ties) and see opportunities in changes in the economic environment. The study implies that potential entrepreneurs should be supported in terms of their social networks and instructed in the beliefs about the information and changes in the environment needed to spot opportunities. Governments play a role in providing a munificent economic environment.

scholarly journals Predicting golf ball launch characteristics using iron clubhead presentation variables and the influence of mishits

2021 ◽  
pp. 175433712098785
Author(s):  
Tom W Corke ◽  
Nils F Betzler ◽  
Eric S Wallace ◽  
Steve R Otto
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Ball Speed ◽  
Impact Location ◽  
Ball Contact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Launch Angle ◽  
Vertical Impact

In golf, it is well understood that the interaction between the clubhead and ball determines the initial ball launch conditions. Specific knowledge regarding these relationships for iron clubs, particularly when clubhead and turf interactions are considered, would be both novel and of benefit to practitioners. Linear regression analysis was used to determine relationships between selected clubhead presentation and shot outcome variables for a sample of 1127 ‘5-iron’ shots hit from natural turf by 96 golfers. As expected, clubhead speed was the most significant predictor of ball speed, with obliquity of impact and eccentricity of the impact location making smaller, yet statistically significant contributions. Marginally ‘fat’ strikes, whereby the leading edge of the clubhead was only slightly beneath the ground at impact, appeared to have a lesser effect than expected in terms of ball speed. Effective loft was found to be the strongest predictor of vertical launch angle, whilst clubhead speed and spin loft had the greatest influence in the model for predicting total spin; inclusion of ‘thin’ strikes (i.e. those struck with the leading edge) appeared to create a non-linear element to these models and consequently overestimated the influence of vertical impact location in both cases. These findings suggest that determination of impact location, particularly for instances whereby ball contact is not wholly on the club face, is critical in research concerning irons. Overall, this study makes an original contribution to the understanding of 5-iron shot outcomes based on clubhead presentation characteristics.

scholarly journals FEASIBILITY OF PALIPERIDONE FOR TRANSDERMAL THERAPEUTIC SYSTEMS: EX VIVO PERMEATION KINETIC STUDIES OF DRUG THROUGH RAT ABDOMINAL SKIN

2019 ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
SADASHIVAIAH R ◽  
ROHITH G ◽  
SATHEESHA BABU BK
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
Groundnut Oil ◽  
Permeation Enhancers ◽  
Abdominal Skin ◽  
Ex Vivo Permeation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Cumulative Amount

Objective: The main objective of the current research study was to investigate the effect of various permeation enhancers on the skin permeation of paliperidone for transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS). Methods: A part of pre-formulation studies was performed to authentication of the drug by determining the melting point, solubility, partition coefficient (PC), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, and its purity by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Ex vivo permeation kinetic study for paliperidone alone and with 5% concentration of permeation enhancers hyaluronidase, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), groundnut oil, and tween 80 was conducted in modified Franz diffusion cell through rat abdominal skin as a barrier. The receptor phase containing 20% polyethylene glycol 400 in normal saline was maintained at 37°C. The steady-state flux was obtained to calculate permeability coefficient, enhancement ratio (ER), and the cumulative amount of drug permeated at 12 h. Results: The pre-formulation study results indicated that the received pure drug was authentified as paliperidone and its purity at par with official pharmacopeia. The PC of the drug was found to be 1.916±1.07, indicated that the drug to be lipophilic. The ex vivo permeation study results showed that the enhancement effect of some permeation enhancers on paliperidone was as follows: Hyaluronidase>DMSO>groundnut oil>tween 80. Hyaluronidase has high permeation enhancing activity with the highest permeation flux of 12.038 μg/cm2/h, and the cumulative amount of drug permeated was 212.760 μg/cm2. The ER of hyaluronidase was 3.69 folds higher than control. Conclusion: The results of the present research study attributed that hyaluronidase was a potential permeation enhancer which would be included in the TTS of paliperidone.

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