Problems and prospects of molecular express-diagnostics of quarantine species of Tephritidae

The article reviews the concept and technology of pest risk assessment for the spread of quarantine species based on ecological and geographical analysis and ecological niche modeling. Using a quarantine species Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. as an example, we calculated the ecological requirements of the species. The main ecological factors limiting the spread of I. hederacea were determined and the ecological amplitudes of the species in relation to each factor limiting its distribution were quantitatively estimated. We identified ecologically suitable habitats and compiled a map of the ecological-geographical niche of the species using specially created environmental maps based on the obtained data of the ecological limits of the species. Using the map of the ecological-geographical niche, the I. hederacea distribution risk in the regions of the Russian Federation was estimated. Similar maps can be used for basis of quantitative as well as targeted risk assessment of penetration and establishment of harmful organisms. Obtained information will be useful to compile lists of quarantine species, estimate the potential areas of geographic distribution of pests into Russian Federation, and make decisions for introduction of effective phytosanitary measures to prevent the penetration of these invasive organisms. It can also be used as the basis for organizing and conducting phytosanitary monitoring in the Russian Federation.

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АГРОБІОЛОГІЧНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА AMBROSIA ARTEMISIFOLIA L. В УМОВАХ ЛУГАНСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

Біорізноманіття, екологія та експериментальна біологія ◽

10.34142/2708-583x.2019.21.02 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 15-20

Author(s):

Ю. В. Гаврилюк

Keyword(s):

Growing Season ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Current State ◽

Plant Groups ◽

Composition And Structure ◽

Synanthropic Species ◽

Quarantine Species ◽

Asteraceae Family ◽

Anthropic Pressure ◽

Species Composition And Structure

Current state of the flora of Ukraine, which is under constantly growing anthropic pressure, is characterized by the change in species composition and structure of vegetation, a significant increase in its role as an anthropophilic element. Big economic activity creates the prerequisites for the conversion of native vegetation to impoverished and less valuable, partly or wholly formed of synanthropic species, many of which are quarantine weeds. Invasion and further active distribution, and in some cases the expansion of the species of adventive fraction of the flora, take place both naturally and anthropically. In Luhansk region, the emergence and spread of quarantine weeds poses a threat of an expansive nature, as an aggressive quarantine species such as Ambrosia artemisifolia L. grows in all types of crop phytocenoses and beyond, and every year its habitats increase. The article shows the results of multi-year researches, aimed at establishing the directions of distribution and expansion of plant groups by the quarantine species of the Asteraceae family (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.).The study shows that the number of the researched species in the last ten years has increased two- or threefold in such plant groups as agrophytocenosis, sylvophytoculturcenosis, urbophytoculturcenosis, meadows and pastures. In result , we emphasize that Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. is no longer a quarantine species to which restricted species belong, as this weed is infinitely distributed and is already a cosmopolitan, whereas phytosanitary services are commonly called quarantine, but limited Unfortunately, no one can expand it. In our opinion, time is significantly lost, and one way to prevent the further spread of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. is the total mowing of plants before flowering of all populations in all crop plant groups (where it is impossible to apply chemical tillage) 5-7 times per growing season, not to allow the growing season replenishment of a bank of seeds of this weed in soil.

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Discovery of Potato Rot Nematode, Ditylenchus destructor, Infesting Garlic in Ontario, Canada

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-08-11-0697 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 297-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Q. Yu ◽

M. A. Zaida ◽

B. Hughes ◽

M. Celetti

Keyword(s):

Prince Edward Island ◽

The Body ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Suspected Case ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Quarantine Species ◽

Infested Field ◽

Ditylenchus Dipsaci ◽

Ditylenchus Destructor ◽

Stem And Bulb Nematode

Potato rot nematode, Ditylenchus destructor Thorne, 1945, is a serious nematode pest in a number of root and tube crops, primarily in potatoes, and is an internationally quarantined pest (2). In garlic, it was only reported in Japan (3). In 2011, a survey was conducted for the stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn) Filipjev in Ontario, Canada. PCR analysis revealed that a population of Ditylenchus from one garlic (Allium sativum) bulb sample in a 0.81-ha field (2-acre) in the Ottawa area had a significantly longer ITS1 (approximately 100 bp) than that of D. dipsaci. Subsequent morphology and DNA sequencing concluded that the population was Ditylenchus destructor, a quarantine species in Canada. Twenty females and twenty males were fixed and permanently mounted for morphological studies. The main diagnostic characters matched the description of D. destructor by Thorne (4). The female stylets had strong knobs, 11.1 ± 0.9 (10 to 12) μm long, lateral fields with six distinct lines in the middle section of the body, excretory pore 4.7 ± 1.3 (3 to 6) μm posterior to the hemizonid, esophageal base bulb overlaps dorsally with the intestine, post-vulval uterine sac extends up to two-thirds of the vulva-anus distance, and tail terminus finely rounded. A total of 20 nematode individuals were used for the molecular studies. They had 5-bp differences with the ITS1 (GenBank Accession No. EF208210; 650 bp) sequence of an isolate from Sihong County, China. The sequence of the partial 18S gene (GenBank Accession No. AY593912; 864 bp) was identical to the sequence of an isolate of D. destructor in the Netherlands. The detection of stem and bulb nematode was also confirmed from the field. Infested garlic plants were stunted and the basal bulbs became dark and somewhat rotten. Prior to this finding in Canada, D. destructor was only reported in a few isolated locations in the province of Prince Edward Island (PEI) in 1946 (1). The nematodes in PEI were effectively controlled. Another suspected case in British Columbia was not confirmed since the infested field had been known to be infested with D. dipsaci. To our knowledge, this is the first report of D. destructor on the mainland of Canada. The infested field has been subjected to strict quarantine measures to prevent the spread of the pest. Reference: (1) A. D. Baker et al. Sci. Agric. 26:138, 1946. (2) EPPO. No. 123. Data Sheets on Quarantined Organisms. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bull. 8, 1978. (3) T. Fujimura et al. Jpn. J. Nematol. 8:22, 1989. (4) G. Thorne. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 12:27, 1945.

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Invasive species of the order Hemiptera in agrocenoses of Southern Russia

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202017509012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 175 ◽

pp. 09012

Author(s):

Leonid Esipenko ◽

Alexander Podvarko

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Popillia Japonica ◽

Diabrotica Virgifera ◽

Japanese Beetle ◽

The Past ◽

Quarantine Species ◽

Southern Russia ◽

Herbivorous Species ◽

Taxonomic Groups ◽

Near Future

The distribution of invasive species is associated with a change in the distribution boundaries of individual taxa and non-taxonomic groups, with its development of new biotopes, change in the structure and functioning of individual ecosystems. Invasive species in Russia is a wellknown phenomenon. Over the past 50 years, more than 10 herbivorous species have been discovered which are classified as quarantine species. In the near future, the appearance of new aggressive species such as Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte – western corn bug, Popillia japonica Newm – Japanese beetle and others is expected.

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Exploring fauna of Microlepidoptera in South Siberia: novel regional records and interception of quarantine species

Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity ◽

10.1016/j.japb.2019.10.001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 597-612

Author(s):

Evgeny N. Akulov ◽

Margarita G. Ponomarenko ◽

Natalia I. Kirichenko

Keyword(s):

South Siberia ◽

Quarantine Species

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First Report of the Golden Potato Cyst Nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-11-0140 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 95 (7) ◽

pp. 883-883

Author(s):

I. Ostojić ◽

D. Grubišić ◽

M. Zovko ◽

T. Miličević ◽

T. Gotlin Čuljak

Keyword(s):

Soil Sample ◽

Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽

Globodera Rostochiensis ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Potato Cyst Nematode ◽

Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

Ware Potato ◽

Quarantine Species

The golden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Behrens, 1975, is the most problematic pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum) worldwide and it is recognized as an A1 plant health quarantine species. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, there have been no surveys for the presence of potato cyst nematodes (PCN) in ware potato lands, although they have been documented in the nearby countries of Serbia and Croatia (3). To determine the presence and distribution of PCN and to prevent further spread or increase of PCN populations, a survey in ware potato land was undertaken in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Soil samples consisting of 100 cores of 4 to 5 ml of soil were taken in a grid pattern throughout the plots. Samples of approximately 500 g were processed in the laboratory. The samples were air dried and cysts were extracted using a Spears's flotation method (4) from a 100-ml subsample. Species identification was based on morphometrical characters (2) and real-time PCR where the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS5, PITSr3) region was amplified and detected by the Sequence Dection Software v1.3 (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA) (1). In 2008, soil sampling was conducted in five locations and PCN were not detected in any of 10 soil samples taken. In June 2009, 17 soil samples were collected from seven locations. Two viable cysts of G. rostochiensis were detected in one soil sample from Tihaljina (Zaside; E 6447659.560, N 4797392.101, altitude 130 m). A total of 110 soil samples were collected from 90 locations in May and June 2010. Five viable cysts of G. rostochiensis were detected in one soil sample taken from Čapljina (Opličići – Turajlovina; E 6485169, N 4775964, altitude 222 m). On the basis of the survey results, G. rostochiensis is not widely spread but the cysts are detectable, indicating that the infestation is relatively recent and that there is a threat of further spread of this quarantine species. Consequently, producers need to grow resistant potato cultivars and implement additional control measures to keep the nematode populations below damaging levels. References: (1) J. Bacic et al. Russ. J. Nematol. 16:1, 61, 2008. (2) C. C. Fleming and T. O. Powers. Potato Cyst Nematodes: Biology, Distribution and Control. R. J. Marks and B. B. Brodie, eds.CAB International, Wallingford, 1998. (3) D. Grubišic et al. J. Pest Sci. 80:21, 2007. (4) J. F. Spears. Agr. Handb. No. 353. U.S. Dep. Agric., 1968.

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Analysis of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) diversity in avocado shows the presence of a new species and limitations of using the COI gene for differentiation of two species

Revista Colombiana de Entomología ◽

10.25100/socolen.v47i2.10754 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Daniela Cano-Calle ◽

Clara Inés Saldamando-Benjumea ◽

Claudia Ximena Moreno-Herrera ◽

Rafael Eduardo Arango-Isaza

Keyword(s):

Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Its Region ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Coi Gene ◽

Thrips Palmi ◽

Thrips Species ◽

Quarantine Species ◽

First Time ◽

A New Species

Thrips are important pests of avocados causing damage to the fruits, making themunsuitable for exportation. Many of them are quarantine species and their identification isnecessary. Despite their importance, not many studies describe thrips diversity on avocado,especially in Colombia, partly because identification of some of the species is difficult usingclassical taxonomic keys. In this study, 93 adult thrips specimens were collected on avocadoand adventitious dandelion plants from plantations in the department of Antioquia, Colombia. Morphological characters were used to classify 62 of them and all of them were analyzed by PCR amplification and sequencing of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The species identified by morphological features were Frankliniella gardeniae Moulton, F. gossypiana Hood, F. panamensis Hood, Liothrips perseae Watson, Thrips palmi Karny, T. simplex (Morison), T. trehernei Priesner, Microcephalothrips abdominalis (Crawford DL), and Scirtothrips hansoni Mound & Hoddle (Tubulifera), being F. panamensis, M. abdominalis, and S. hansoni reported for the first time on avocado in Colombia. Thrips simplex and T. trehernei were also found on adventitious dandelion plants, but not on avocado. Phylogenetic analysis of COI and ITS sequences showed that most species, except for F. gardeniae and F. gossypiana were mainly identified with the COI gene. Furthermore, FST values obtained between them suggest no genetic differentiation at COI level. The results obtained here contribute to the knowledge of the diversity of thrips species found on the avocado crop in Colombia and are meaningful for pest management.

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The insect pest complex of Actinidia arguta kiwifruit

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2009.62.4793 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 262-267

Author(s):

C.E. Mckenna ◽

S.J. Dobson ◽

J.M. Phare

Keyword(s):

Fruit Set ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Growing Season ◽

Scale Insects ◽

Insect Damage ◽

Pest Species ◽

Actinidia Arguta ◽

Quarantine Species ◽

Armoured Scale Insects

The key insect pests of Actinidia arguta kiwifruit were determined by monitoring tagged fruit bunches for insects and insect damage in six orchard blocks from fruit set in November 2007 until harvest in February 2008 and by examining samples of picked fruit at harvest The proportion of fruit damaged by leafroller feeding increased throughout the entire growing season and live caterpillars were present on picked fruit at harvest Greenhouse thrips damage to fruit was noticeable from mid January Armoured scale insects and mealybugs were recorded on the fruit from December but most infestations occurred during the month prior to harvest Leafrollers and greenhouse thrips are the key production pests while leafrollers greedy scale and some mealybug species are potential quarantine species All three commercial A arguta cultivars grown in the Bay of Plenty are susceptible to the key pest species

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THE POTENCY OF ANGLE MEASUREMENT AND COMPARISON OF VEIN LENGTHS IN DISTINGUISHING BACTROCERA SPECIES COMPLEXES

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/j.hptt.22092-99 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 92-99

Author(s):

Gesang Pratyadhiraksana ◽

Tri Murniningtyas Puji Lestari ◽

Rudi Hari Murti ◽

Suputa Suputa

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Angle Measurement ◽

Conclusive Evidence ◽

Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽

Coi Gene ◽

Separate Species ◽

Species Complexes ◽

Wing Patterns ◽

Important Pest ◽

Quarantine Species

The potency of angle measurement and comparison of vein lengths in distinguishing Bactrocera species complexes. One of the most conspicuous features of Bactrocera fruit flies is their wing, which can be elaborated for identification. The distinctive wing patterns are used to separate species and classify species complexes. The wing shape can be used as a potential discriminator between closely related taxa. To develop wing applications in taxonomy, in this study, the degree measure of angles and the comparisons of vein lengths were investigated quantitatively to distinguish among important pest quarantine species of the Bactrocera dorsalis complex: B. dorsalis and B. carambolae; the B. frauenfeldi complex: B. frauenfeldi and B. albistrigata; and a species belonging to subgenus Zeugodacus, B. cucurbitae. The result showed that species complexes were clustered into significantly different groups based on the degree measure of cell br and the comparison between r-m and dm-cu cross-vein length. This conclusive evidence was supported by phylogenetic analysis using COI gene. This present result indicated that the cell br angle measure and the comparison between r-m and dm-cu vein length could be applied to distinguish species complexes in genus Bactrocera.

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