scholarly journals The Determinants of University Participation in Canada (1977–2003)

1969 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Louis N. Christofides ◽  
Michael Hoy ◽  
Ling Yang
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Large Set ◽  
The Past ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
University Participation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Considerations

The decision to attend university is influenced by a large set of factors, ranging from economic considerations that affect affordability to family characteristics such as parental education levels. We examine the relationship between university participation and various economic and non-economic variables over the past twenty-five years in Canada. We quantify the importance of the various factors in the data sets available to us in order to understand trends in university participation and, in particular, to take account of the increasingly greater propensity of young women than men to attend university.  

Sicker and Poorer—The Consequences of Being Uninsured: A Review of the Research on the Relationship between Health Insurance, Medical Care Use, Health, Work, and Income

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3S-75S ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Hadley
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Work Effort ◽  
Services Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Medical Care Use ◽  
Process Studies ◽  
Annual Earnings ◽  
The Relationship

Health services research conducted over the past 25 years makes a compelling case that having health insurance or using more medical care would improve the health of the uninsured. The literature's broad range of conditions, populations, and methods makes it difficult to derive a precise quantitative estimate of the effect of having health insurance on the uninsured's health. Some mortality studies imply that a 4% to 5% reduction in the uninsured's mortality is a lower bound; other studies suggest that the reductions could be as high as 20% to 25%. Although all of the studies reviewed suffer from methodological flaws of varying degrees, there is substantial qualitative consistency across studies of different medical conditions conducted at different times and using different data sets and statistical methods. Corroborating process studies find that the uninsured receive fewer preventive and diagnostic services, tend to be more severely ill when diagnosed, and receive less therapeutic care. Other literature suggests that improving health status from fair or poor to very good or excellent would increase both work effort and annual earnings by approximately 15% to 20%.

The Relationship Between the Secondary School Students' Depression States and Their Feelings of Guilt and Shame

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurten Sargin
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Education Level ◽  
School Students ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAdolescence is believed to be a highly problematic period when depression is prevalent. This study aims to investigate the relationship between adolescents' depression states and their feelings of guilt and shame in respect to gender, age, school performance and parental education levels. The participants consisted of 187 teenagers; 88 (47.1%) girls and 99 (52.9%) boys. Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), the Guilt and Shame Scale (GES, Şahin), and a personal information form developed by the researcher were used as instruments. The study found a relationship between guilt and shame, that levels of depression were higher in 17-year-olds, and also that levels of depression, guilt and shame were found to be higher in girls than in boys. There was also a negative relationship seen between increased guilt and shame, and a decrease in mothers' education level.

The effect of parental education levels on children’s rights knowledge levels and attitude

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Ebru Elci ◽  
Cigdem Kuloglu
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Child Rights ◽  
The Social ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between the attitudes of parents toward children’s rights and educational levels of their parents. The researcher’s universe consists of parents who live in Istanbul and has children between the ages of 6 and 14, and sampling consists of a total of 3100 parents (1550 mothers and 1550 fathers). The data of the study were collected with a Likert type Parent-Child Rights Attitude Scale consisting of 63 items. The scale evaluates the attitudes of the parents toward their children’s rights as two main attitudes, ‘Care and Protection’ and ‘Self-Determination’. In ‘Care and Protection’ attitude, there are two sub-dimensional structures as ‘Government Assurance and Support’ and ‘Care and Protection’. The ‘Self-Determination’ attitude has a single sub-dimensional structure. In the analysis of data, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program was used beside necessary statistical techniques. The data obtained regarding the effect of parents' education levels on their attitudes toward children’s rights are presented in a tabular form with respective frequencies. Keywords: Children’s rights, parent’s attitudes toward child rights, parent’s attitudes

scholarly journals Clash of cultures? Archaeology and genetics

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Pluciennik
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transition To Agriculture ◽  
Clash Of Cultures ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the ways in which genetic data have been used to interpret the transition to agriculture in Europe over the past two decades, and the relationship of these interpretations to more strictly archaeological explanations. It is suggested that, until recently, those working within the two disciplines have been using not only different data sets and methodologies, but also working within different disciplinary traditions which have inhibited communication and collaboration, and the production of a genuinely integrated field of ‘archaeogenetics’.

Understanding Parental education and health of Pacific families: Background and study protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 233-244
Author(s):  
Jesse Kokaua ◽  
Seini Jensen ◽  
Reremoana Theodore ◽  
Debbie Sorensen ◽  
Wilmason Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Christian Beliefs

Nakiro'anga ite au meitaki o tei 'āpi'i ia no te ora'anga pu'apinga no tātou te Vakevake a Te Moana Nui o Kiva e no'o nei i Aotearoa (Meitaki o te ‘Api'i) is a programme of research examining the benefits of education to health outcomes for Pacific families in Aotearoa using the Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) and it is an Health Research Council Pacific post-doctoral project. As a part of Meitaki o te ‘Api'i, the present study plans to investigate the relationship between parental education and child health outcomes in Pacific families. Using linked health, income, and Census data, the present study will model the influence of parental education levels on child health outcomes adjusted for other key factors. In this methodological paper, we provide details about this project that is in a relatively new data space for Pacific research and we describe our participants. Most children in the study were born in New Zealand and nearly all could speak English. Pacific children were slightly younger, more likely to be able to speak a Pacific or other languages, and most likely to live in areas of socio-ecenomic deprivation compared to non-Pacific children. Pacific children who identified with solely Pacific and Pacific with other ethnicities. Parents of children with solely Pacific ethnicity, more than a third of whom were born in New Zealand, over 60% spoke a Pacific language and four out of five held christian beliefs. By comparison, parents of children with Pacific with other ethnicities were; younger, New Zealand born, less likely to speak another language and half held christian beliefs. Compared with parents of children from Other ethnicities, parents of Pacific children had lower median incomes, were less likely to own their home and had fewer total years of education. It is important to note that the overall purpose of this study is not to highlight the differences between Pacific and other non Pacific families, but to look at the relationship between parental education and the health of children.

scholarly journals Training confounder-free deep learning models for medical applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyu Zhao ◽  
Ehsan Adeli ◽  
Kilian M. Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
End To End ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe presence of confounding effects (or biases) is one of the most critical challenges in using deep learning to advance discovery in medical imaging studies. Confounders affect the relationship between input data (e.g., brain MRIs) and output variables (e.g., diagnosis). Improper modeling of those relationships often results in spurious and biased associations. Traditional machine learning and statistical models minimize the impact of confounders by, for example, matching data sets, stratifying data, or residualizing imaging measurements. Alternative strategies are needed for state-of-the-art deep learning models that use end-to-end training to automatically extract informative features from large set of images. In this article, we introduce an end-to-end approach for deriving features invariant to confounding factors while accounting for intrinsic correlations between the confounder(s) and prediction outcome. The method does so by exploiting concepts from traditional statistical methods and recent fair machine learning schemes. We evaluate the method on predicting the diagnosis of HIV solely from Magnetic Resonance Images (MRIs), identifying morphological sex differences in adolescence from those of the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA), and determining the bone age from X-ray images of children. The results show that our method can accurately predict while reducing biases associated with confounders. The code is available at https://github.com/qingyuzhao/br-net.

Estimation across Data Sets: Two-Stage Auxiliary Instrumental Variables Estimation (2SAIV)

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Sample Design ◽  
The Past ◽  
Instrumental Variables Estimation ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Single Data ◽  
The Relationship

Theories demand much of data, often more than a single data collection can provide. For example, many important research questions are set in the past and must rely on data collected at that time and for other purposes. As a result, we often find that the data lack crucial variables. Another common problem arises when we wish to estimate the relationship between variables that are measured in different data sets. A variation of this occurs with a split half sample design in which one or more important variables appear on the “wrong” half. Finally, we may need panel data but have only cross sections available. In each of these cases our ability to estimate the theoretically determined equation is limited by the data that are available.

scholarly journals The Impact of Education on Economic Growth: The Case of India

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Kobzev Kotásková ◽  
Petr Procházka ◽  
Luboš Smutka ◽  
Mansoor Maitah ◽  
Elena Kuzmenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Education And Economic Growth

There exists an enormous interest in clarification of the relationship between education and economic growth. Over the past 30 years, there have been conducted studies by economists about the connection between education and economic growth. There are actually many publications which provide strong evidence that suggests a correlation between the two. This paper attempts to build upon previous publications and to introduce a unique insight along with contemporary evidence about the relationship between education and economic growth in India from 1975 to 2016 by foc using on primary, secondary and tertiary levels of education. The relationships are examined by utilization of econometric estimations with the Granger Causality Method and the Cointegration Method. These methods are used to create models that could shed light on the claim that education plays a central and significant role in economic growth of India which could consequently be used as an example for similar countries in Asia or around the world. The findings of this work show that there is compelling evidence proving a positive connection between education levels and economic growth in India which might influence governmental actions and shape the future of India.

Parents' competence and social skills in siblings of disabled children

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Cuzzocrea ◽  
Rosalba Larcan ◽  
Sebastiano Costa ◽  
Chiara Gazzano
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Problems ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Relational Experience

In this study we aimed to determine whether or not the siblings of children with disabilities have more emotional (stress levels) and relational (parental education levels, family functioning levels, relational and behavioral problems of children while at school), problems than do their peers. We selected 32 couples (16 with and 16 without children with low intellectual ability) and administered self-report questionnaires. Results confirmed the association between family characteristics and the emotional and relational difficulties of siblings of children with disabilities. In our analysis of the relational experience of siblings, a significant difference emerged in comparison to their peers in families with nondisabled children.

scholarly journals Decrease in Self-Reported Tanning Frequency among Utah Teens following the Passage of Utah Senate Bill 41: An Analysis of the Effects of Youth-Access Restriction Laws on Tanning Behaviors

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca G. Simmons ◽  
Kristi Smith ◽  
Meghan Balough ◽  
Michael Friedrichs
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Indoor Tanning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Senate Bill ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Lower Parental Education

Introduction. Adolescent use of indoor tanning facilities is associated with an increased risk in later development of melanoma skin cancers. States that have imposed age restrictions on access to indoor tanning generally show lower self-reported rates of indoor tanning than states with no restrictions, but currently no studies have assessed indoor tanning use before and after such restrictions.Methods. In 2013, we compared self-reported indoor tanning data collected in the Prevention Needs Assessment (PNA) survey in 2011 to PNA 2013 data. We also assessed predictors of continued tanning after passage of the bill.Results. Prior to the passage of Senate Bill 41, 12% of students reported at least one incident of indoor tanning in the past 12 months. After passage, only 7% of students reported indoor tanning in the past 12 months (P< 0.0001). Students who continued indoor tanning were more likely to be older and female and to engage in other risk behaviors, including smoking and alcohol use. Lower parental education levels were also associated with continued tanning.Conclusion. Indoor tanning restrictions showed beneficial impact on tanning rates in adolescents in Utah. Stricter restrictions may show even greater impact than restrictions that allow for parental waivers. Stronger enforcement of bans is needed to further reduce youth access.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document