scholarly journals http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/228

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Karim Khan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Life After Death ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Islamic Civilization

Change and development started with the creation of universe and human being. The society got developed and advanced, depended on the experiences of man in the past, environmental situation, relations with all other species around him etc. The culture and civilization also developed with the passage of time. The man could not decide with justice even with his full understanding of the of problems and situation. On the eve of unsuccessful approach of human being towards such problems and their solutions / decisions, Almighty Allah guided the human being through His messengers. The purpose of their (Prophets-pbut) being was to make favourable and justful approach to the problems faced by the man as an individual as well as in society. The culture and civilization is infact the progressive shape of man made cultures having all the past experiences of social life confronted by him in the past. Islamic civilization considers all the elements essential to effectuate the living of humanbeing. The concept of life, the purpose of life, the beliefs & thoughts, the involvement of man, the collective structure of the society etc are the basic elements of Islamic culture & civilization. Cultures & Civilizations are formulated on three major factors, i.e. Geographical, Biological and Ideological factors. Culture and Civilization also require moral groundings on which the rites and rituals are formulated and performed by all the members of the society. The purpose of Islamic civilization is ‘Peace’ and ‘Tranquility’ for the humans in this world and in the Hereafter. Therefore, the characteristics of Islamic culture & civilization are; the oneness of God, brotherhood, justice & goodwell, respect, cleanliness, moral character and freedom. Islamic culture and civilization guarranttee success for the human being in this material world and in the life after death.

scholarly journals Islamic culture in the Balkans: Emphasizing Alawites' role in the development of the Balkans

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Delavar Ghorbanpour ◽  
Hasan Abul
Keyword(s):  
Historical Background ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Past ◽  
Library Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islamic Civilization

Islamic culture and civilization have a history of more than thousand years in the Balkans. Verifying the historical background of the arrival of Islam and Islamic currents in the Balkans, recognition of ethnicities and races, analysis of the situation and position of Muslims in the region, evaluation of new developments in the Balkans, study and recognition of socio-cultural and religious challenges in the Balkans, opportunities and threats in the field of culture and science in the region and other issues are important points that must be noticed in this research in order to be utilized for the expansion of Islamic culture and renovation of Islamic civilization in the Balkans. This paper is trying to answer the following questions: What is the background of Islamic culture and civilization in the Balkans and what were the factors of its development? The findings of the research are based on descriptive-analytic, library studies and field observations which show the particular position of Islamic culture and its role in the civilization of the region in the past and present.

scholarly journals لمحة عامة عن المخطوطات العربية الإسلامية في الصين / An Overview of the Arabic and Islamic Manuscripts in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Ge Tieying
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Logical Analysis ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Common ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
The Middle Ages

Abstract The manuscript is considered as one of the most important cultural carriers, and Arab-Islamic manuscript is in particular an important factor that contributed to the splendor of Arab-Islamic culture in the Middle Ages, as it is an indispensable part of the Arab-Islamic civilization in the present with its cultural, religious and linguistic heritage. The paper sheds light on the Arabic manuscripts and the Islamic manuscripts in China separately, in order to present the importance of manuscripts in the Arab-Islamic civilization, and even the entire human civilization. The paper also summarizes the history and development of Arab-Islamic manuscripts in detail, and the effects of these manuscripts on contemporary Arab-Islamic civilization. The second part of the paper focuses on the status of Islamic manuscripts in China, and offers a review of the history and development of Islamic manuscripts in China. Contrary to the common methods used in research related to Arab-Islamic civilization, the paper takes a look at the details of history, and is based on logical analysis, which shows the unique charm of Arabic-Islamic manuscripts and highlights their importance to the Arab- Islamic civilization, both in the past and at the present.

The Influence of Islam on Albanian Culture

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 389-408
Author(s):  
Fatmir Shehu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Cultural System ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Of Greece

This paper examines the influence of Islam on Albanian culture. The Islamization process of the Albanian culture was very crucial for the Albanians themselves as it gave them a new identity, which they lacked since their settlement on the Adriatic shores. According to history, Albanians, the biggest Muslim nation dwelling in the Balkans, South-East of Europe, are believed to be the descendents of the ancient Illyrians, who settled in Europe around 2500 years ago. They lived a social life based on tribalism, where every tribe had established its own cultural system and way of life. Thus, their cultural differences disallowed them to unite. Such situation did not change, even when Christianity was introduced to them. Because, Christianity came to Albania through two great dominations: Christian Catholics of Vatican (the Northern part of Albanian) and Christian Orthodox of Greece (the Southern part of Albania). The continuous religious and political suppression faced by the Albanians from their Byzantine and Latin masters enabled them to be the first people of the Balkans, who welcomed openheartedly the Ottoman Muslims and embraced Islam as their new way of life in the 15th century. The study focuses on the following issues: (1) Historical background of Albania and Albanians; (2) The genesis of Albanian culture; and (3) The process of integration between Islamic culture and Albanian culture. This research attempts to provide important findings, which will be very helpful to the Muslims and others.

Mapping Logistical Capitalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 026327642199042
Author(s):  
Eugene Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Racial Capitalism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
Class Composition

This review article engages with a rich field of scholarship on logistics that has gathered momentum over the past decade, focusing on two new publications by Laleh Khalili and Martín Arboleda. It contextualizes how and why logistics is bound up with the militarization of contemporary political and social life. I argue that the later 20th century rise of logistics can be better understood as both a response to and symptom of capitalist crisis and I situate this scholarship on war and logistics in relationship to Giovanni Arrighi’s account of crisis and ‘unravelling hegemony’. I also show how logistics provides essential critical and visual resources that contribute to efforts to map global capitalism and to debates on totality and class composition in contemporary critical theory. Finally, contemporary events such as the ongoing Coronavirus crisis and the reemergence of Black Lives Matter are considered in light of this analysis with reference to the centrality of logistics to racial capitalism.

Para-diplomacy: Concept and the Context

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakhahari Chatterji ◽  
Swagata Saha
Keyword(s):  
Sovereign State ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Control Versus ◽  
International Interaction ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Regional Imbalance ◽  
Institutional Space ◽  
India And China

Globalisation and market reforms have made foreign policymaking a more inclusive and multilayered process. Para-diplomacy and emergence of empowered federating/component units engaging in international interaction call for recalibration of theories and understating of International Relations. The debate over central control versus unit autonomy raised the concern: whether para-diplomacy will turn out to be an asset or a threat for the sovereign state. While state may reap benefits of economic development, para-diplomacy may yet lead to regional imbalance, ethnic mobilisation and separatism. With the focus being shifted to Asia with respect to expanding market and sphere of influence, this article analyses the experience of para-diplomacy between India and China as well as of both with the USA. In doing so, reference is drawn to the past experiences of the West to understand how para-diplomacy took root and how is it practised in different contexts. Considering the economic, political and social implications of para-diplomatic practices in specific contexts, the article concludes with an attempt to find out the institutional space it may tread and the policy options it may hold out especially for India.

Common Sense Propositions

Philosophy ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 48 (186) ◽  
pp. 363-379
Author(s):  
A. C. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Know How ◽  
Justified Belief ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Right ◽  
Past Experiences

Philosophers have not been sceptical only about metaphysics or religious beliefs. There are a great number of other beliefs generally held which they have had at least as much difficulty in justifying, and in the present article I ask questions as to the right philosophical attitude to these beliefs in cases where to our everyday thought they seem so obvious as to be a matter of the most ordinary common sense. A vast number of propositions go beyond what is merely empirical and cannot be seen to be logically necessary but are still believed by everybody in their daily life. Into this class fall propositions about physical things, other human minds and even propositions about one's own past experiences based on memory, for we are not now ‘observing’ our past. The phenomenalist does not escape the difficulty about physical things, for he reduces physical object propositions, in so far as true, not merely to propositions about his own actual experience but to propositions about the experiences of other human beings in general under certain conditions, and he cannot either observe or logically prove what the experiences of other people are or what even his own would be under conditions which have not yet been fulfilled. What is the philosopher to say about such propositions? Even Moore, who insisted so strongly that we knew them, admitted that we did not know how we knew them. The claim which a religious man makes to a justified belief that is neither a matter of purely empirical perception nor formally provable is indeed by no means peculiar to the religious. It is made de facto by everybody in his senses, whether or not he realizes that he is doing so. There is indeed a difference: while everyone believes in the existence of other human beings and in the possibility of making some probable predictions about the future from the past, not everybody holds religious beliefs, and although this does not necessarily invalidate the claim it obviously weakens it.

Muḥammad ‘Ābid al-Jābirī’s Thoughts on Tradition and Modernity in Renewal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Yunita Novia
Keyword(s):  
Modern Culture ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
New Tradition ◽  
Language Literature

<span class="fontstyle0">The tradition is something that is present and accompanies contemporary ours, which comes from the past, or could be said of all that is human-related to aspects of thought in Islamic civilization, ranging from the teaching of the doctrinal, shariah, language, literature, art, pen, and sufism. Modern not to break with the past but to upgrade the attitude and stance by assuming the pattern of our relationship with tradition in modern culture. The relation of tradition and modernity, according to al-Jābirī was keeping the good old traditions and take a new tradition better that is, the tradition was reconstructed to internalize the contemporary thoughts. Al-Jābirī strongly emphasized contemporary Arab thoughts (bayani, 'irfani, </span><span class="fontstyle2">burhani</span><span class="fontstyle0">) as a way to confront modernity. The idea's important contribution is to introduce to us the various constructs reasoning developed in the Islamic world.</span> <br /><br />

Understanding Memories of the Past in the Context of Different Complex Neural Network Architectures

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Clifford Bohm ◽  
Douglas Kirkpatrick ◽  
Arend Hintze
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Past ◽  
Black Boxes ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Computational Systems

Abstract Deep learning (primarily using backpropagation) and neuroevolution are the preeminent methods of optimizing artificial neural networks. However, they often create black boxes that are as hard to understand as the natural brains they seek to mimic. Previous work has identified an information-theoretic tool, referred to as R, which allows us to quantify and identify mental representations in artificial cognitive systems. The use of such measures has allowed us to make previous black boxes more transparent. Here we extend R to not only identify where complex computational systems store memory about their environment but also to differentiate between different time points in the past. We show how this extended measure can identify the location of memory related to past experiences in neural networks optimized by deep learning as well as a genetic algorithm.

Approaching the 21st Century: Perspectives on Korean Industrial Relations

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seoghun Woo
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Major Factors

This paper argues that the future direction for the development of Korean industrial relations will evolve through direct interaction between employers and trade unions (either conflictual or cooperative). The government is likely to play a less interventionist role in industrial relations, compared with the past, and to adopt the role of mediator between unions and employers. Characteristics of Korean industrial relations during the pre- 1987 period is firstly examined; four major factors are used to explain the industrial relations practice during this time. Changes after 1987 are also considered. Special consideration is given to interaction between the environment and the three major industrial relations participants, and the interactions between them. Both macro and micro aspects of industrial relations are examined. The special Presidential Address (26/04/1996), known as New Conception of Industrial Relations, is also analysed in terms of its implications for future industrial relations issues in Korea.

Risking Debt for Honor

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-71
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Cash
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
The Republic

Research on godparenthood has traditionally emphasized its stabilizing effect on social structure. This article, however, focuses attention on how the practices and discourses associated with marital sponsorship in the Republic of Moldova ascribe value to the risks and uncertainties of social life. Moldova has experienced substantial economic, social, and political upheaval during the past two decades of postsocialism, following a longer period of Soviet-era modernization, secularization, and rural–urban migration. In this context, godparenthood has not contributed to the long-term stability of class structure or social relations, but people continue to seek honor and social respect by taking the social and economic risks involved in sponsoring new marriages.

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