الاشتراكُ الدلاليُّ في لفظِ (الرأس)

2021 ◽  
pp. arabic cover-english cover
Author(s):  
لعبيدي بو عبد الله ◽  
شيماء عبد الله عبد الغفور
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Semantic Domain ◽  
History Of ◽  
Analytical Approaches

تُعَدُّ ظاهرةُ الاشتراكِ الدلاليّ ظاهرة مركزية في جميع اللغاتِ الإنسانيّةِ، فهي تستمدُ كينونتها من الهيكل المفاهيمي للإنسان، ومن تفاعل إدراكه مع العالم الخارجي. وقد جاءَتْ هذه الورقة لتقارب ظــاهرة الاشتراك الدلاليّ إدراكيًّا في المعجم العربي -وفق منهج وصفي تحليلي-، متخذةً من كلمة (الرأس) أنموذجًا. وتهدفُ هذه الدراسة للإجابة عن التساؤلات الآتية: ما البنية الإدراكية الكامنة وراء حدوث ظاهرة الاشتراك الدلاليّ في ألفاظ أجزاء الجسد عامة وكلمة (رَأْس) خاصةً؟ وما الحقول الدلاليّة التي امتد إليها واتساعاتها الاستعارية والكنائية؟ كما تعمل الدراسة على الكشف عن البنية الإدراكية التي تجمع المعاني المتعددة للفظ (الرأس) بالإضافة إلى الكشف عن شبكة العلاقات الدلاليّة بين المعاني المتعددة التي يضمها. وقد خَلُصَتْ هذه الورقة البحثية إلى كون التوسعاتِ الدلاليّةِ، والاستعمالاتِ الاستعاريّةِ، والكنائيّةِ لكلمة (رَأْس) تتصلُ بنسقنا التصوّري، وبالتفاعل الدائم بين تجاربنا اليوميّة مع رؤوسنا والعالم الخارجي. الكلمات المفتاحية: (الاشتراك الدلاليّ، اللسانيات الإدراكية، تاريخ اللسانيات الإدراكية، الجسد، رأس) Abstract Polysemy is a central phenomenon in all languages. It shows the interaction between human cognition and human environment. This paper aims to answer the following questions: what is the language mechanisms that is used among Arabs and makes sense of body part terms extend to a new semantic domain? And What are the semantic domains that the word ‘head’ extended to? To achieve the objectives this paper, the researchers adopted the cognitive approach. As well as the descriptive and analytical approaches using the word ‘head’ as a case study and traced its meaning as it developed through metaphor and metonymy. Also, it crossed over from one semantic field to another. It will show that demonstrate of ‘head’ and its semantic extensions derive directly from conceptual patterns that were created as a result of experiences and interaction between our heads, and the outside world. Key words: (polysemy, cognitive linguistics, the history of cognitive linguistics, body, head).

Framing terminology in legal translation

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Faber ◽  
Arianne Reimerink
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Specialized Knowledge ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
Technical Translation

Abstract Legal language and its translation are considerably more complex than scientific and technical translation because the legal object is a text that performs an action. For this reason it is not only necessary to consider the legal terminology but also the structure of the text itself as well as the verbs used and their performative act. In this paper, we explore how the analysis of terminological meaning in legal texts can be addressed from the perspective of Frame-Based Terminology (FBT), a cognitive approach to domain-specific language, which directly links specialized knowledge representation to cognitive linguistics and cognitive semantics. In a case study on international agreements in the context of environmental law, we analyze the argument structure of verbs as well as the conceptual categories of their semantic arguments providing insights into the semantic profile of this text type. The representation of the verb class and its semantic arguments can be considered a type of interlingua that could be used as a basis for translation.

scholarly journals Does historical linguistics need the Cognitive Commitment? Prosodic change in East Slavic

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Nesset
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Fundamental Property ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Linguistic Structures

AbstractOn the basis of a case study of the so-called jer shift in Slavic, I argue that the Cognitive Commitment is essential for an adequate analysis of language change. While the “social turn” and the “quantitative turn” open up important perspectives and provide new opportunities for cognitive historical linguistics, the Cognitive Commitment remains essential because it facilitates elegant and insightful analyses and paves the way for more general hypotheses about language change. The jer shift is a prosodic change that originated in Late Common Slavic and spread to Old East Slavic in the twelfth century. This sound change involved the lax vowels /ĭ, ŭ/ (often referred to as jers or yers), which either disappeared or merged with /e, o/ depending on the prosodic environment. Contrary to traditional practice, I argue that the jer shift should be analyzed in terms of trochaic feet, i. e., rhythmic groups of two syllables, where the leftmost syllable is prominent. This account is psychologically realistic, as dictated by the Cognitive Commitment, since rhythmic grouping is a fundamental property of human cognition (Nathan 2015. Phonology. In Ewa Dąbrowska & Dagmar Divjak (eds.), Handbook of cognitive linguistics, 253–273. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton and Ding et al. 2016. Cortical tracking of hierarchical linguistic structures in connected speech. Nature Neuroscience 19. 158–164). While the Cognitive Commitment is essential for historical linguistics, one important limitation deserves mention. Historical changes such as the jer shift can be represented as “sound laws”, i. e., statements that summarize changes that span over many generations. Such statements are not about processes in the minds of individual speakers or speech communities at any point in time. They are therefore not directly relevant for the Cognitive Commitment, but are nevertheless among the most valuable tools historical linguists have at their disposal.

scholarly journals Tracing the Roots of Cognitive Linguistics in Hermann Paul’s “Principles of the History of Language”

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (33) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
German Linguist ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the impact of Hermann Paul’s ideas on the development of anthropocentric cognitive linguistics in Russia and Europe. The anthropocentric and pragmatic approaches to the study of language, related, in particular, to the consideration of language as “the language of the individual” and a product of personal experience, were formulated by the German linguist Hermann Paul (1846-1921) in his Principles of the History of Language (1920). In this important work, Paul argues that language development is driven by subjective, psychological factors, acknowledging the Man’s central role in the learning process (anthropocentrism). Viewing Paul’s position from the vantage point of modern linguistics, the article seeks to establish the rightness of the cognitive school in linguistics, provides a brief overview of Paul’s key ideas and concludes that he anticipated and formulated the main principles of the cognitive approach to language, namely: language as a product of individual experience, the role of individual notions in forming a word’s meaning, analogy as a mechanism of language acquisition, metaphor as a mechanism of learning and the connection of language with other mental processes.

scholarly journals From Musical Grammars to Music Cognition in the 1980s and 1990s: Highlights of the History of Computer-Assisted Music Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-396
Author(s):  
Nico Schüler
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Music Cognition ◽  
Music Analysis ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Research ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Analytical Approaches

While approaches that had already established historical precedents – computer-assisted analytical approaches drawing on statistics and information theory – developed further, many research projects conducted during the 1980s aimed at the development of new methods of computer-assisted music analysis. Some projects discovered new possibilities related to using computers to simulate human cognition and perception, drawing on cognitive musicology and Artificial Intelligence, areas that were themselves spurred on by new technical developments and by developments in computer program design. The 1990s ushered in revolutionary methods of music analysis, especially those drawing on Artificial Intelligence research. Some of these approaches started to focus on musical sound, rather than scores. They allowed music analysis to focus on how music is actually perceived. In some approaches, the analysis of music and of music cognition merged. This article provides an overview of computer-assisted music analysis of the 1980s and 1990s, as it relates to music cognition. Selected approaches are being discussed.

scholarly journals A Survey on the Semantic Field of ‘Vagabond’

2017 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Avishek Ray
Keyword(s):  
Social Constructivism ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Language Game ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
The Social ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interpretive Communities ◽  
Cultural Baggage

How we perceive a certain concept is grounded in the ‘language game’: the values, prejudices, dispositions, and cultural baggage among its interpretive communities. In other words, there is no ‘true meaning’ inherent in a word per se; rather the meaning is derived out of what Derrida (1993) calls the ‘chain’ of signifi cation: the context, history, contingency, and often semantic contradictions that render a word polysemic. Taking off from here, this paper seeks to unpack the social ‘constructivism’ immanent in the a priori assumptions that cloak the idea of the ‘vagabond’. While invoking the contingency in the genesis and semantic history of ‘vagabond’ as a case study, this paper illustrates how meanings of certain heuristic concepts – in this case, ‘vagabond’, without a fixed referent – are often (re)confi gured, not because of reasons entirely linguistic, but rather due to changes in the prevailing epistemic paradigms.

scholarly journals A Cognitive Approach to Semantic Disorientation in Mandarin I —Theoretical Prerequisites and a Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 942-951
Author(s):  
Ting Yang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Adequate Account ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
Syntactic Relations ◽  
Semantic Linkage

Semantic disorientation refers to the phenomenon where sentence constituents with direct syntactic relations have no direct semantic linkage. The phenomenon is ubiquitous in Mandarin and related structures have been frequent research topics in the field of Chinese language study. However, there’s no systemic description of their syntactic and semantic features, nor in-depth exploration of the linguistic and non-linguistic motivations. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, the current study approaches this phenomenon with a usage-based and non-derivational language view. The phenomenon is defined and categorized on the cognitive and psychological basis and a descriptive and explanative frame-work is built for a more accurate and adequate account of the phenomenon. The syntactic and semantic features, as well as the linguistic and non-linguistic motivations of the disoriented verb-complement constructions are addressed as a case study.

Diachrone Perspektiven im Historischen deutschen Valenzwörterbuch

Glottotheory ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albrecht Greule
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Middle High German ◽  
Old High German ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe Historic German Valency Dictionary should not be only a synchronic description of the valency of a selection of Old High German, Middle High German and Early Hew High German verbs, but also illustrate the history of valency (diachronic) of these verbs within a semantic field. This paper gives an overview of the previous research undertaken in the field of the history of valency. Based on a case study, it develops a method to illustrate the history of valency by the comparison of synchronic historic cross-sections.

Compiling a cognition-based thematic monolingual lexicon

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra’ Moustafa Abdelzaher
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Secondary Resources ◽  
Linguistic Resource ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Word Senses

Abstract This study falls within the scope of cognitive lexicography which uses cognitive linguistic theories in lexicographic practice. The main objective of the study is to create a cognition-based monolingual thematic lexicon. The lexicon tests the validity of using cognitive linguistics, which uses language to reveal the human perception of a concept, in defining controversial multidisciplinary concepts. To that end, violence is selected as a case study and FrameNet is recruited as a cognitive linguistic resource. Cambridge Smart Thesaurus and WordNet are used as secondary resources to FrameNet. English TenTen corpus is employed to authenticate the findings before placing them in the lexicon. A twelve-frame lexicon is the result of the study. The constructed lexicon linguistically includes more than 250 violence-expressing word senses, defined and placed within their violence-associated frames. Some frames are cited from FrameNet without modification, while others are conceptually and linguistically modified. More important, some violence-specific frames are newly-reported. Evidently, studying how physical violence is linguistically expressed displays how the concept is structured in the human cognition. Thus, an empirical cognition-based definition of violence is suggested. This meets the challenge of the multiple sociological, psychological, political and criminological definitions. Moreover, a comprehensive definition of violence is recommended to include both its associated frames and expressing words.

scholarly journals Some conceptual and grammatical properties of body part metonymies in English and Bosnian

ExELL ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
Adisa Imamović ◽  
Anela Mulahmetović Ibrišimović
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Mass Nouns ◽  
Metaphor And Metonymy

Abstract The paper deals with metonymies having body parts as source domains in English and Bosnian. According to Cognitive Linguistics standpoint, human cognition is based on bodily functioning. Therefore, we started from the hypothesis that most body part metonymies are very similar across languages and cultures, and share similar properties. The aim of the paper was threefold: first, to examine whether metonymies with body parts as source domains have common grammatical and conceptual properties in English, secondly to examine whether they share the same properties in Bosnian, and thirdly to compare the two languages in this respect. We analysed body part metonymies in terms of some grammatical properties such as the use of singular and plural, specific and generic reference, grammatical recategorisation from count to mass nouns, noun-to-verb conversion, and some conceptual properties such as source-in-target vs. target-in-source metonymies, metonymic chains and combination of metaphor and metonymy. Many common features were found both within the respective languages under consideration and in cross-linguistic analysis. The minor differences found in contrasting the data from the two languages are mainly the result of differences in grammatical systems.

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