Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
System Of National Accounts ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
Existing Structure ◽  
Marine Fishing

<em>Abstract</em> .—The socioeconomic importance of the Tanzanian inland water and small-scale marine fishing industry and aquaculture sector in the country’s development cannot be understated. With a coastline of 1,450 km<sup>2</sup> and richly endowed with natural water bodies, the fishing industry plays a fundamental role in food security, sustainable livelihoods, and poverty reduction. However, the fishing industry and aquaculture sector’s contribution has been underestimated in past years; hence, it is not fully recognized as an economic sector that contributes significantly to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). The published value of the fishing industry and aquaculture sector contribution to the GDP is not reported holistically. The GDP contribution of the fish harvesting sector of the fishing industry is estimated by the National Bureau of Statistics as part of the agricultural gross product (AGP), in accordance with the System of National Accounts (SNA). The AGP accounts for only the value of the fish harvesting sector’s activities, whereas the economic contributions of postharvest-related activities are accounted for under other sectors like manufacturing. This study focused on providing appropriate information about the overall value of the fishing industry and aquaculture sector. A production approach method was used to evaluate value-added contributions to the national GDP. The analysis found that the fishing industry and aquaculture sector’s contribution to the GDP in 2011 was 3.07% as compared to the published GDP of 1.4%. This difference suggests that the fishing industry and aquaculture sector’s contributions to GDP may have been underestimated by a factor of 2.2 and indicates that a postharvesting processing sector plays a significant role in GDP contribution. These findings provide a different perspective on how to calculate fishing industry and aquaculture sector contribution to the GDP from the existing structure of economic activity classification set by the SNA. To complement this information, the study also summarizes the contribution of the fish harvesting, postharvest processing and aquaculture sectors to employment. This study also calls for improved data collection and information related to the fisheries’ postharvest activities. At the policy level, there is a need to rethink and prioritize development of the fishing industry and aquaculture sector in Tanzania.

Manufacturing growth in India in recent years

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishwanath Goldar
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
System Of National Accounts ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Manufacturing Growth

Purpose Since the announcement of the new series of national accounts for India (with base 2011-12) in January 2015, there has been endless controversy over the new gross domestic product (GDP) growth numbers, particularly in respect of growth of Indian manufacturing. The purpose of this paper is to highlight certain policy issues concerning India’s system of national accounts, in the context of the methodological changes made in the new national accounts series, and to check the validity of the view held by some critics that the new series has significantly overstated the growth rate in real gross value added in manufacturing in recent years. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a brief, selective review of the literature that has emerged on the new series of national accounts. A close look is taken at the available data on real gross value added growth in Indian manufacturing in conjunction with data on growth in India’s exports and in outstanding non-food commercial bank credit. Analysis of these data is undertaken with the help of a table and some graphs. Findings The paper finds that there is not enough basis to believe and argue that the GDP estimates in the new series of national accounts significantly overstate the true manufacturing sector growth in India. Originality/value Rates of manufacturing output growth in recent years indicated by the new series of national accounts for India are subjected to careful scrutiny by contrasting yearly growth rates in manufacturing output with those in India’s non-oil exports and in outstanding non-food commercial bank credit.

scholarly journals Cross-subsidizing in power industry: approaches to development of stage-by-stage decrease in volumes

2017 ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. TRACHUK ◽  
N. V. LINDER
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
System Of National Accounts ◽  
One Stage

The paper is devoted to economic effects of decrease in volumes of cross subsidizing for participants of the market of electric energy are considered, and also methodological approaches to modeling of a stage-by-stage decrease of volumes of cross subsidizing in economy are developed. The methodology of the system of national accounts (SNA) – symmetric tables “expenses – release” and intersectoral balance “a product – a product” calculated on release of the final product of 22 industries – was used to model the influence of economic and social effects due to cross subsidies elimination. The comparative analysis of one-stage and gradual options to cross subsidies elimination was carried out. One-stage elimination of cross subsidizing showed more the worst results on economic indicators of participants of a power market, than at its stage-by-stage decrease.Modeling of stage-by-stage decrease in cross subsidizing is aimed at determination of the greatest possible growth rate of tariffs for the electric power for the population. The indicator of the minimum value of economic damage to branches of the economy, calculated as a difference of a balanced gain (departure) of a gross value added in the range of a threshold interval of increase in expenses of house farms on the purchased electric power in the general structure of expenses is used as criterion of an optimality of growth rate of tariffs for the electric power. The macroeconomic model of formation, use and reproduction of a branch value added is used for creation of model. The analysis of impact of change of tariffs for the electric power for the population is carried out with a step to 1% to the level providing full reduction of cross subsidizing. Optimum speed of a gain of tariffs for regions with the maximum rate of a tariff for the electric power (Moscow region) and the minimum rate (Orenburg region) is calculated. 

scholarly journals The Role of Small Scale Enterprises in Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas of Sokoto State

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
Sirajo Abubakar Ibrahim ◽  
Zayyanu Ladan
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

Poverty reduction is a major goal and issue for many international organizations such as the United Nations and the World Bank. The World Bank estimated 1.29 billion people were living in absolute poverty in 2008. This is more obvious with the regard to Nigeria where it was estimated about 70 % (2010) of the population are living below poverty line. Similarly, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) recently released the figure in 2013., which indicate Sokoto state as having highest incidence of poverty, with 81.2 % poverty rate. The pressure of poverty and the absence of any other income earning activity during the dry season force the people in these area of the North Western part of Sokoto on Migration after every raining season across the country, in order to sustain their livelihood. This paper is of the opinion that rural dwellers can be self reliant within their locality by utilizing the available resources as well as establishing some new business ideas for small scale business as a strategy in poverty reduction and controlling high migration rate. Similarly the paper recommend among others, the effective enlightenment awareness and motivation on the role of boosting the economic development of the rural areas.

scholarly journals Problems of Developing Municipalities’ Financial Balances on the Example of the “General Government” Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 05011
Author(s):  
Alexey Pasynkov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
System Of National Accounts ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
General Government ◽  
State Budgets ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The City ◽  
Municipal Level

The article deals with the problems of developing financial balances at the municipal level, based on the principles of constructing the System of National Accounts. The problems of methodological nature and information content of financial balances are described, possible ways of their solution are proposed. The author’s methodology for determining the share of the “General Government” sector in the economy of municipalities has been developed. In the absence of data on value-added areas, proposed to use wage data by types of economic activity. On this basis, we calculated the contribution of local and state budgets in the expenditures of the “General Government” sector in the municipalities of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra. On average, financing of wages in this sector is provided by federal and regional authorities at 60.86% in the region. The smallest value among municipalities is in the city of Pokachi (9.88%), the greatest dependence on the financing of the region and the federation is in the city of Khanty-Mansiysk (85.5%), Surgut (over 65%) and Yugorsk (slightly less than 64%).

scholarly journals A Consistent Estimate of the Value of Animal Products in West Pakistan

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-503
Author(s):  
Carl H. Gotsch ◽  
C. Peter Timmer
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Consistent Estimate ◽  
Animal Population ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Production Value

According to the 1962/63 Revised National Accounts, livestock contributes 16.1 per cent of West Pakistan's gross domestic provincial product at constant (1959/60) factor cost. Given the size of the sector—it is larger than large and small-scale manufacturing combined—one would hope that estimates of gross production value, value-added, etc., were based on fairly detailed and accurate studies. Unfortunately, such studies have never been done for West Pakistan, and only the crudest of indirect methods have been used to derive the figures used in official statistics. For example, milk production, which makes up roughly three-quarters of total livestock production (excluding power) is estimated by applying a poorly documented yield figure to an animal population that has never been accurately enumerated. Much the same procedure has been used for other products such as meat, eggs, hides and skins, etc.

Integrating forest resources into the system of national accounts in Maharashtra, India

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.S. HARIPRIYA
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
The State ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Forest Resource ◽  
System Of National Accounts ◽  
Resource Accounting

The objective of the study is to construct forest resource accounts for the state of Maharashtra in India and incorporate the value of depletion and degradation of forest resources into the system of national accounts (SNA). The net state domestic product (NSDP) is adjusted for the depletion of the forest resources to obtain Environmentally adjusted net state domestic product (ESDP). The results show that the value added by forests is 3.56 per cent of NSDP and the value of depletion is 19.8 per cent of the estimated value added. The ESDP of Maharashtra is found to be 99.3 per cent of the estimated NSDP. The study has demonstrated that, although the existing database needs further improvement, forest resource accounting is feasible for the state of Maharashtra in India and can serve as an indicator of economy's performance.

scholarly journals Agro-Industrial Complex of the Russian Arctic: Research Contribution to the Value Added Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 06034
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Zakharchuk
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
System Of National Accounts ◽  
The Republic

The article deals with the problems of assessing the contribution of the agro-industrial complex to the economy of the Arctic territories. An approach to the definition of the notion “agro-industrial complex” from the point of view of the System of National Accounts is highlighted. The author proposes a method of calculating the value added of economic activities at the municipal level. On this basis, formed a database of wages of all municipalities of the Arctic region of Russia. The author calculated the contribution of agro-industrial complex in gross value added Arctic municipalities in the context of the Russian Federation. The results obtained allow us to highlight the importance of the agro-industrial complex in the economy of municipalities in the Arctic zone of Russia. The agro-industrial complex is of the greatest importance in the economy of the Anabar national region of the Republic of Yakutia and the city of Murmansk. The calculations showed that the added value of the agro-industrial complex for the whole Arctic territories of Russia is 55,821.78 million rubles, and its contribution to the total value added is 1.56%.

scholarly journals Output, Value Added and Employment in the Small Scale Textile Industry

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-134
Author(s):  
Seemin Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
National Income ◽  
Value Added ◽  
National Product ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Rate Of Increase

The small scale manufacturing sector is in many ways the step-child of Pakistan's national income accounts. A number of sample surveys of the output and employment characteristics of small industries have been conducted, but no attempt has been made to apply these surveys, in a systematic fashion, to the measurement of the growth of output of this sector. In the absence of better information, compilers of Pakistan's national accounts simply assume that the small scale sector's contribution to the national product grows at the same rate as the population. However, given the rapid structural changes in large scale industry and the sharp fluctuations in the past decade in the rate of increase in the gross national product, it is unlikely that the small scale sector grew at such a uniform rate. The small scale manufacturing sector encompasses a wide array of highly differentiated economic activities and separate estimates of the value added annually by each of these activities is not feasible, in large part because the establishments in this sector rarely keep systematic records even for major items such as sales or employment. Even if firms kept records, it would be extremely difficult to monitor the thousands of existing establishments, much less keep track of firms leaving or entering the sector. Thus, any effort at sampling or regular census-taking in the small scale sector is likely to provide insufficient information from which to construct an annual index of production.

Non-observed Economy in the CIS Countries

2009 ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Yu. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
International Standards ◽  
General Level ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
System Of National Accounts ◽  
The World ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Key Indicators

The article contains a review of underlying concepts and definitions of non-observed economy which are formulated in the international standards on this topic and used by the CIS countries for computation of GDP and other key indicators of the System of National Accounts. The article considers the methods used for measuring non-observed economy and some figures on the share of non-observed economy in GDP of the CIS countries and other selected countries of the world. Perfection of methods of measuring non-observed economy and raising reliability of its estimates requires improvement of general level of work on compilation of national accounts.

Profitability and Efficiency Analyses of Small Scale Rice processing units in Ngoketunjia Division, North West Region, Cameroon.

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Bime M.J ◽  
Fon D.E ◽  
Ngalim S.B ◽  
Ongla J
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Parboiled Rice ◽  
North West ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Rice Processing

Rice production and processing over the years has been on an increase with more small holders entering the business. This study on profitability of processing and marketing of small scale rice processors had as objective to analyse the profitability levels of rice processing and marketing by small scale processors, determine the value added to the commodity at each stage  and also identify the constraints faced by these processors. The study used primary data collected using well-structured questionnaire from millers only, miller traders for white/parboiled rice through a multistage sampling technique. Results showed that the net processing income (3,151,201), value added (8,147,456) and efficiency (138) for miller-traders of white rice was highest, followed by miller-traders for parboiled rice and lastly millers only. Results further showed that millers only had Benefit/cost ratio of 0.4 indicating that milling only is not profitable due to small quantities milled, and high fixed cost. Miller-traders for parboiled rice had a benefit/cost ratio of 2.3 implying that their venture is most profitable. Based on the results, it was recommended that millers only should purchase large quantities of paddy to enable them reduce the overhead cost. Also the services of parboilers should reflect in the sales price of parboiled rice so that the parboiling services can be paid for.

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