scholarly journals Post-transplant Shoot Growth of Trees From Five Different Production Methods is Affected by Site and Species

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Levinsson
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Time Required

After transplanting, many trees enter a period of reduced growth that may limit their environmental and aesthetic benefits for several years. A number of nursery production methods have been developed in attempt to reduce root disturbance, which is often associated with the reduced growth. The main objective of this study was to investigate how five nursery production methods affect root systems and post-transplant shoot growth. Other objectives were the study of the effect of root structure (i.e., fibrous verses coarse) on trees’ response to different production methods and the effect of the conditions at the transplanting site. Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) and red oak (Quercus rubra L.) with a stem circumference of 16–18 cm were produced as bare-rooted-, balled-and-burlapped-, root-pruned-, air-potted-, or fabric-container-grown trees, transplanted at two sites and studied for five seasons. Visual analysis showed that the production methods had clear effect on the root balls at transplanting. However, the differences were not clearly related to shoot growth. All transplanted red oaks, regardless of production method, showed significantly reduced shoot growth compared to pre-transplant growth. Balled and burlapped, root-pruned, and fabric-container-grown sweet cherry trees exhibited restored pre-transplant shoot growth three years after transplanting at the more favorable site. The results suggest that the fibrous-rooted sweet cherry was more responsive to production methods designed to reduce transplanting stress than the coarse-rooted red oak, and that site affected the time required for normal shoot growth to be regained. The results do not indicate that different sites require differently produced trees.

Early genetic differentiation of sugar maple by accelerating seedling growth

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-291
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Wood ◽  
James W. Hanover
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Lower Peninsula ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
Outdoor Nursery ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Seed Characteristics

A method is described for accelerating growth of sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) seedlings for early progeny and provenance evaluation and plantation establishment. Outdoor nursery production methods produced relatively small seedlings, few seed-lot differences, and no provenance differences in seedlings 4 and 16 months of age. In contrast, accelerated seedlings exhibited pronounced seed-lot and provenance differences at both ages and had a 29 and 80% height superiority at 4 and 16 months, respectively. Provenance differences in height, budbreak, nodes, and growth flushes revealed by the accelerated treatment and supplemented by seed characteristics indicate existence of Upper and Lower Peninsula races in Michigan. Accelerated growth techniques may have considerable potential for reducing the time required for genotypic evaluation of sugar maple and possibly other tree species, but results must be substantiated by subsequent field observations.

scholarly journals Tree growth characteristics and flower bud differentiation of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) under different climate conditions in China

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Li ◽  
Z. Xie ◽  
A. Zhang ◽  
W. Xu ◽  
C. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Climatic Zone ◽  
Monsoon Climate ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Flower Bud Differentiation ◽  
Subtropical Monsoon Climate

The phenological stages, flower characteristics, shoot growth and flower bud differentiation of sweet cherries, cv. Hongdeng and Van, were investigated in different climatic zones in China, subtropical monsoon climatic zone (Shanghai, 31°14'N, 121°29'E) and temperate climatic zone (Qingdao, 37°09'N, 121°20'E). Sweet cherry trees grown in subtropical monsoon climatic zone had earlier phenological stage and longer blooming duration than those grown in temperate climatic zone. Fruit growth periods of Hongdeng and Van in Qingdao were 38 days and 51 days, respectively, but only 29 days and 45 days in Shanghai. Both cultivars showed more abnormal flowers under subtropical monsoon climate. The percentage of fruit set under open pollination in Hongdeng and Van were 31% and 24% in Qingdao, respectively, but only 0.4% and 3.2% in Shanghai. The trees grew more vigorous in Shanghai; flower bud differentiation was delayed by high temperature and superabundant rainfall in subtropical monsoon climate zone and more easily affected by the overlap of current shoot growth.

scholarly journals Prohexadione-Ca and Ethephon Reduce Shoot Growth and Increase Flowering in Young, Vigorous Sweet Cherry Trees

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don C. Elfving ◽  
Gregory A. Lang ◽  
Dwayne B. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
Terminal Shoot ◽  
Cherry Trees

Prohexadione-Ca (P-Ca) and ethephon (ETH) were evaluated as potential inhibitors of growth and promoters of early flowering for high density orchard management of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees on vigorous rootstocks. Single applications (P-Ca at 125 to 250 mg·L-1 active ingredient (a.i.) or ETH at 175 to 200 mg·L-1 a.i.) to young, nonfruiting sweet cherry trees produced short-term, generally transient reductions in terminal shoot elongation, and did not stimulate flower bud formation. Tank-mix applications (P-Ca + ETH) usually produced a stronger, possibly synergistic, reduction in shoot growth rate. Single tank-mix applications either increased subsequent flower bud density on previous season shoots or had no effect; when a second application was made three weeks later to the same trees, subsequent flower bud density on previous season shoots and spurs on older wood increased ≈3-fold over untreated trees. Yield efficiency (g·cm2 trunk cross-sectional area) also increased nearly 3-fold. Chemical names used: (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon); calcium 3-oxido-4-propionyl-5-oxo-3-cyclohexene carboxylate (prohexadione-Ca); polyoxyethylene polypropoxypropanol, dihydroxypropane, 2-butoxyethanol (Regulaid); aliphatic polycarboxylate, calcium (Tri-Fol).

scholarly journals Partitioning of Above-ground Dry Matter in `Lambert' Sweet Cherry Trees With or Without Fruit

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kappel
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
Cherry Trees

The effect of fruit on shoot growth, leaf area, and on dry weight (DW) partitioning into leaves, fruit, trunk, and branch sections was investigated using 7-year-old `Lambert' sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees. Dormant trees were sampled in the spring, and fruiting and deblossomed trees were sampled and compared at fruit harvest and just before leaf fall. Fruiting reduced shoot growth, leaf area, and above-ground DW accumulation of the trees. The annual above-ground DW accumulated was 13.4 kg for fruiting trees and 16.0 kg for nonfruiting trees. The greatest proportion of above-ground DW was partitioned to wood, whereas the least was partitioned to fruit. Current-season's growth (wood and leaves) appears to be a greater sink for photosynthates than is fruit because a greater proportion of above-ground DW was partitioned to current-season's growth than to fruit.

scholarly journals Planting Angle and Meristem Management Influence Sweet Cherry Canopy Development in the “Upright Fruiting Offshoots” Training System

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1010-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany L. Law ◽  
Gregory A. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Training System ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Upright Fruiting Offshoots (UFO) is a novel high-density training system for sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) that produces fruit on multiple vertical leaders (“offshoots”) arising from a cordon-like trunk. The promotion of sufficient upright shoot number and uniform shoot distribution during establishment are key to development of this training system. Trunk angle, meristem management (selective bud retention and removal), and cordon height at establishment were evaluated for influence on shoot number, shoot distribution, total shoot length, and early fruiting potential. At planting, trunk angles of 45° or 60° from the horizontal resulted in increased shoot growth compared with 30°, and also increased shoot distribution when bud selection was not imposed. A cordon height of 45 cm increased total shoot length by 20% compared with a 60-cm cordon height. Bud selection (retaining buds for optimal upright shoot distribution and removing all others) improved canopy development by reducing the number of shoots in the terminal third of the cordon and increasing the number of shoots in the basal and middle thirds compared with no bud selection. Bud selection reduced fruiting potential in the 2nd and 3rd years compared with unmanaged treatments, but subsequently surpassed those treatments in projected annual yield in Year 4 and cumulative yield in Year 5. Bud selection increased total and average shoot length, and improved distribution while moderating early crop load potential. Planting angle, cordon height, and bud selection significantly impact canopy establishment of UFO trees by affecting shoot number, length, and distribution.

scholarly journals DETERMINING COST OF PRODUCTION FOR THREE ALTERNATIVE NURSERY PRODUCTION METHODS

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 439e-439
Author(s):  
C.C. Montgomery ◽  
B.K. Behe ◽  
J.L. Adrian ◽  
K.M. Tilt
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Container Production

Aboveground container production revolutionized woody plant production. In-ground pot-in-pot container production combines the benefits of container production with traditional field production. Our objective was to determine the specific costs of production for field-grown, aboveground container, and pot-in-pot production methods for Lagerstroemia indica. We found differences in production cost with varying levels of input required by each production method. Pot-in-pot production systems had higher fixed and variable costs and a higher initial capital investment compared to the other two production methods. However, per unit production costs were similar to aboveground container production due to lower labor and equipment requirements.

scholarly journals Preliminary Insights in Sensory Profile of Sweet Cherries

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Vânia Silva ◽  
Sandra Pereira ◽  
Alice Vilela ◽  
Eunice Bacelar ◽  
Francisco Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sensory Data

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a fruit appreciated by consumers for its well-known physical and sensory characteristics and its health benefits. Being an extremely perishable fruit, it is important to know the unique attributes of the cultivars to develop cultivation or postharvest strategies that can enhance their quality. This study aimed to understand the influence of physicochemical characteristics of two sweet cherry cultivars, Burlat and Van, on the food quality perception. Several parameters (weight, dimensions, soluble solids content (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), colour, and texture) were measured and correlated with sensory data. Results showed that cv. Van presented heavier and firmer fruits with high sugar content. In turn, cv. Burlat showed higher pH, lower TA, and presented redder and brightest fruits. The principal component analysis revealed an evident separation between cultivars. Van cherries stood out for their sensory parameters and were classified as more acidic, bitter, and astringent, and presented a firmer texture. Contrarily, Burlat cherries were distinguished as being more flavourful, succulent, sweeter, and more uniform in terms of visual and colour parameters. The results of the sensory analysis suggested that perceived quality does not always depend on and/or recognize the quality parameters inherent to the physicochemical characteristics of each cultivar.

Biochemical and phenotypic characterization of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars with induced surface pitting

2021 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 111494
Author(s):  
Excequel Ponce ◽  
Blanca Alzola ◽  
Natalia Cáceres ◽  
Madeline Gas ◽  
Catalina Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Prunus Avium L

scholarly journals Multi-year analyses on three populations reveal the first stable QTLs for tolerance to rain-induced fruit cracking in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Quero-García ◽  
Philippe Letourmy ◽  
José Antonio Campoy ◽  
Camille Branchereau ◽  
Svetoslav Malchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

AbstractRain-induced fruit cracking is a major problem in sweet cherry cultivation. Basic research has been conducted to disentangle the physiological and mechanistic bases of this complex phenomenon, whereas genetic studies have lagged behind. The objective of this work was to disentangle the genetic determinism of rain-induced fruit cracking. We hypothesized that a large genetic variation would be revealed, by visual field observations conducted on mapping populations derived from well-contrasted cultivars for cracking tolerance. Three populations were evaluated over 7–8 years by estimating the proportion of cracked fruits for each genotype at maturity, at three different areas of the sweet cherry fruit: pistillar end, stem end, and fruit side. An original approach was adopted to integrate, within simple linear models, covariates potentially related to cracking, such as rainfall accumulation before harvest, fruit weight, and firmness. We found the first stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for cherry fruit cracking, explaining percentages of phenotypic variance above 20%, for each of these three types of cracking tolerance, in different linkage groups, confirming the high complexity of this trait. For these and other QTLs, further analyses suggested the existence of at least two-linked QTLs in each linkage group, some of which showed confidence intervals close to 5 cM. These promising results open the possibility of developing marker-assisted selection strategies to select cracking-tolerant sweet cherry cultivars. Further studies are needed to confirm the stability of the reported QTLs over different genetic backgrounds and environments and to narrow down the QTL confidence intervals, allowing the exploration of underlying candidate genes.

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