The Antidiabetic and Anti-microbial Activity Analyses in The Extract of Methanol, Ethyl Acetate, and Hexane from Flesh of Matoa (Pometia pinnata J. R. Forst. & G. Forst)

The current research was designed to examine the antidiabetic and anti-microbial activities in the extracts of methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane from Flesh of Matoa (Pometia pinnata J. R. Forst. & G. Forst) to find out the best solvent to produce antidiabetic and anti-microbial active compounds. In the phytochemical screening, hexane extracted alkaloids and terpenoids, while ethyl acetate extracted saponin and methanol extracted tannin, phenol and terpenoids. In the antidiabetic activity by a-glucosidase inhibition methods, ethyl acetate showed the highest percentage of inhibition and the smallest value of IC50, followed by hexane and methanol compared to the Quercetin as the control group. The maximum percentage inhibition was 36.74 ± 0.07 for 100 µg/mL of concentration. The minimum value of IC50 was observed at 159.74 ± 0.65 µg/ml compared to the control group 6.04 ± 0.14 µg/ml. The smaller the IC50 value, the stronger the antidiabetic activity. Anti-microbial inhibition activities assessed using anti-microbial diffusion test method. The hexane and ethyl acetate extracts provide an inhibition of fungi and bacteria compared to Ketoconazole and Amoxicillin as the standard. The maximum fungi inhibition zone was observed at 4 mm for A. flavus and 9 mm for A. niger by Hexane extracts compared to the standard 14 and 24 mm. The maximum bacteria inhibition zone was observed at 7 mm for B. cereus by both of hexane and ethyl acetate extracts compared to the standard 5 mm. Compared to the anti-microbe inhibitory power categories, hexane and ethyl acetate was on the range of weak and moderate. The methanol extract could not inhibit all types of microbe. This study concluded that various extract of flesh of Matoa showed antidiabetic and anti-microbial activities at different value with varying potencies. The ethyl acetate extract was found to be more potent among all, followed by hexane and methanol. HIGHLIGHTS Phytochemical screening of Flesh of Matoa (Pometia pinnata R. Forst. & G. Forst) produced alkaloids, terpenoids, saponin, tannin, phenol and terpenoids In the antidiabetic activity by a-glucosidase inhibition methods, ethyl acetate showed the highest percentage of inhibition and the smallest value of IC50, followed by hexane and methanol The hexane and ethyl acetate extracts provide an inhibition of fungi and bacteria compared to Ketoconazole and Amoxicillin as the standard GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Identifikasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder, Uji Antimikroba dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Akar Gantung Hornstedtia Scyphifera Var. Fusiformis Holttum (Sijangkang)

Jurnal Riset Kimia ◽

10.25077/jrk.v10i2.335 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 94-98

Author(s):

Adlis Santoni ◽

Mai Efdi ◽

Akmel Suhada

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Endemic Plant ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Hexane Extracts

Hornstedtia scyphifera var. fusiformis Holttum is endemic plant of Zingiberaceae family that distributed in Sumatera. Hornstedtia scyphifera var. fusiformis Holttum contained some secondary metabolite such as phenolic, saponin, triterpenoid and alkaloid. The biological activity of methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts from Hornstedtia scyphifera var. fusiformis Holttum suspended roots was tested for antibacterial and antioxydant activity. Antioxidant activity was analized by DPPH method. The antibacterial activity was tested by used disk difussion method againts Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (gram-positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacteria). Almost all of Hornstedtia scyphifera var. fusiformis Holttum suspended roots extract were given antibacterial activity, nonetheless the biggest inhibition zone of Escherichia coli that was inhibited by n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts which have inhibition zone 10 mm at concentration 500 mg/L and also againts Staphylococcus aureus, the biggest inhibition by ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts which have inhibition zone 10.30 mm at concentration 500 mg/L. Among all extracts tested, methanol extract of the possessed moderate free radical scavenging activity with IC50 = 51.89 mg/L.

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Phytochemical Screening and Antidiabetic Activity of N-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate and Water Extract from Durian Leaves (Durio Zibethinus L.)

Oriental Journal Of Chemistry ◽

10.13005/ojc/350166 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 487-490

Author(s):

Dyna Grace Romatua Aruan ◽

Tonel Barus ◽

Ginda Haro ◽

Rikson Siburian ◽

Partomuan Simanjuntak

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Water Extract ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Durio Zibethinus

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Phytochemical Screening and Toxicity Test from Extracts of Mahang (Macaranga bancana) Leaves

Photon: Jurnal Sain dan Kesehatan ◽

10.37859/jp.v9i2.1153 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

Rianti Putri ◽

Rudi Hendra Sy ◽

Hilwan Yuda Teruna

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Wide Spread ◽

Lc50 Value ◽

Ethanol Toxicity ◽

Hexane Extracts ◽

Toxicity Analysis ◽

Medicinal Properties

Macaranga bancana (Euphorbiaceae) known as “mahang” which is wide spread in Indragiri Hulu, Riau Province and also believed to has medicinal properties. This study to evaluate the secondary metabolites contents and toxicity activity from various extracts of M. bancana leaves. Extraction process were done by using maceration method with various solvents, such as n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and ethanol. Toxicity analysis was done by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). The results of phytochemical screening showed that M. bancana leaves contain terpenoid, steroid, flavonoid and phenolic. Toxicity analysis showed that n-hexane extracts prossessed the highest level of toxicity followed by dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts with LC50 value of 65; 87; 227; 605 μg/mL, respectively while ethanol extract has not toxic. Therefore, it could be concluded that M. bancana has good toxicity level and could be used as screening for anticancer.

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Identifikasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder, Uji Antimikroba dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Akar Gantung Hornstedtia Scyphifera Var. Fusiformis Holttum (Sijangkang)

Jurnal Riset Kimia ◽

10.25077/jrk.v10i2.264 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 98-102

Author(s):

Akmel Suhada

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Endemic Plant ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Hexane Extracts

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ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana L.)

Jurnal Sains Natural ◽

10.31938/jsn.v4i2.90 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 172

Author(s):

Srikandi Srikandi ◽

I.G.A. Manik Widhyastini

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Solvent Concentration ◽

Garcinia Mangostana ◽

A Value ◽

Hexane Extracts

Antibacterial Extract of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.)Fruit Shell The skin of the mangosteen fruit is extracted with n-hexane and ethyl acetate to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27 853. Results showed that n-hexane extract gave inhibition zone larger than the ethyl acetate extract on all concentrations . Extract n-hexane has a value of MIC against S. aureus ATCC bacterial test 25923 62.5 mg / ml while the ethyl acetate extract of 125 mg / ml . N- hexane extracts had MIC values of the test bacteria P.aeuroginosa ATCC 27 853 was 125 mg / ml , and while the ethyl acetate extract had a MIC value of 500 mg / ml . Treatment of solvent, concentration and interaction between the solvent and concentration significantly affected the test bacteria ATCC 25923 S. aureus at the level of 5 %, the highest interaction N-Hexane solvent with a concentration of 15,625 mg / ml and was not significantly different interactions with the concentration of 31.25 mg/ml and 125 mg/ml. Treatment solvent and concentration significantly while the interaction between the solvent and the concentration has no effect on the test bacteria P.aeuroginosa ATCC 27 853 at 5% level .Keywords: Garcinia mangostana L., Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ABSTRAK Kulit buah manggis diekstrak dengan n-heksan dan etil asetat untuk mengetahui Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHTM) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksana memberikan zona hambatan lebih besar dibandingkan dengan ekstrak etil asetat pada semua konsentrasi. Ekstrak n-heksana memiliki nilai kadar hambat minimal (KHM) terhadap bakteri uji S. aureus ATCC 25923 62,5 mg/ml sedangkan ekstrak etil asetat 125 mg/ml. Ekstrak n-heksana memiliki nilai KHM terhadap bakteri uji P.aeuroginosa ATCC 27853 adalah 125 mg/ml dan sedangkan ekstrak etil asetat memiliki nilai KHM 500 mg/ml. Perlakuan pelarut, konsentrasi dan interaksi antara pelarut dan konsentrasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap bakteri uji S. aureus ATCC 25923 pada taraf 5%, interaksi tertinggi yaitu pelarut N-Heksan dengan konsentrasi 15,625mg/ml dan interaksi ini tidak berbeda nyata dengan konsentrasi 31,25 mg/ml dan 125 mg/ml. Perlakuan pelarut dan konsentrasi berpengaruh nyata sedangkan interaksi antara pelarut dan konsentrasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap bakteri uji P.aeuroginosa ATCC 27853 pada taraf 5%. Kata kunci: Garcinia mangostana L., Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Comparative Study of Phytochemical, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities and Phenolic Content of Syzygium aqueum (Burm. f. Alston f.) Extracts Growing in West Sumatera Indonesia

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2021/5537597 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Afrizal Itam ◽

Mutia Siska Wati ◽

Vina Agustin ◽

Nursal Sabri ◽

Rafika Aris Jumanah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Natural Antioxidant ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Hexane Extracts ◽

Phytochemical Constituents ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Syzygium aqueum, consisting of various fruit colors, is one of the plants that have been used as traditional medicine. This study aims to evaluate and compare phytochemical, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities and total phenolic content of leaves and stem bark extracts of S. aqueum with pink and red fruits, in order to identify the best extract that can be used as a natural antioxidant. Phytochemical constituents were evaluated qualitatively using chemicals, while cytotoxic activities were identified using the brine shrimp lethality test. Total phenolic content was determined via the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Leaves and stem bark of S. aqueum contained flavonoids, phenolics, and triterpenoids, but the stem bark also contained saponins and alkaloids. Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of leaves and stem bark were categorized as very powerful antioxidants to DPPH (IC50 9.71–38.69 μg/mL) and hydrogen peroxide (IC50 16.44–44.02 μg/mL), while hexane extracts were inactive. Methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane extracts of leaves and stem bark were categorized as moderately cytotoxic to A. salina larvae (LC50 104.04–440.65 μg/mL). Comparing leaves and stem barks, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of stem bark extracts were higher than those of leaves extracts. Total phenolic content of leaves extracts was higher than that of stem bark extracts where the order of total phenolic content progressed from methanol extracts > ethyl acetate extracts > hexane extracts. Therefore, the stem bark of S. aqueum was identified as the better source of natural antioxidant compared with the leaves.

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Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanol, Fraksi n-heksana dan Etanol Daun Ceremai (Phyllanthus acidus L.) Skeels) Terhadap Salmonella thypi

BioWallacea : Jurnal Penelitian Biologi (Journal of Biological Research) ◽

10.33772/biowallacea.v6i1.8743 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sernita Sernita ◽

Irnawati Irnawati ◽

Syamsinar Syamsinar

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Test Method ◽

Hexane Fraction ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Herbal Plants ◽

Phyllanthus Acidus ◽

Ethanol Fraction

ABSTRAK Penyakit yang sering diobati dengan tanaman herbal adalah infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri. Salah satu tanaman yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat herbal adalah daun ceremai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metabolit sekunder dan zona hambat ekstrak etanol, fraksi n-heksana dan etanol daun ceremai (Phyllanthus acidus L.) skeels) terhadap Salmonella thypi. Penyarian daun ceremai dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% dilanjutkan fraksinasi dengan pelarut n-heksana dan etanol. Hasil ekstrak dan fraksi daun ceremai kemudian dilakukan uji skrining fitokimia untuk mengetahui senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terdapat dalam sampel. Metode pengujian aktivitas antibakteri yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sumuran. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, skrining fitokimia ekstrak etanol dan fraksi etanol mengandung senyawa saponin, tanin, flavonoid dan alkaloid sedangkan fraksi n-heksana mengandung senyawa tanin, flavonoid dan alkaloid. Aktivitas antibakteri metode sumuran ekstrak dan fraksi daun ceremai dengan konsentrasi 15%, 20%, dan 25% memiliki diameter rata-rata zona hambat secara berturut-turut adalah ekstrak etanol yaitu 13,24 mm, 13,74 mm, dan 14,13 mm, Fraksi n-heksan 13,806 mm, 14,32 dan 14,763 mm dan Fraksi etanol 13,096 mm, 13,416 mm, dan 13,486 mm. Hasil identifikasi aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol, fraksi n-heksana dan fraksi etanol menunjukkan fraksi n-heksana memiliki zona hambat yang paling tinggi walaupun masih tergolong dalam zona hambat kategori lemah. Kata Kunci: Daun Ceremai, Ekstrak Etanol, Fraksi n-Heksana, Fraksi Etanol Salmonella thypi. ABSTRACT Diseases that are often treated with herbal plants are infections caused by bacteria. One plant that can be used as an herbal medicine is ceremai leaves. This study aims to determine secondary metabolites and inhibitory zones of ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction and etanol fraction of ceremai leaves (Phyllanthus acidus L.) Skeels) on Salmonella thypi. The extraction of ceremai leaves by maceration method used 96% ethanol was continued by fractionation with n-hexane and ethanol solvents. The results of extracts and fraction of ceremai leaves were then carried out by phytochemical screening test to determine the secondary metabolites found in the sample. Antibacterial activity test method used in this study is the method of wells. Based on the results of the study, phytochemical screening of ethanol extract and ethanol fraction contained saponin, tannin, flavonoid and alkaloid compounds while the n-hexane fraction contained tannin, flavonoid and alkaloid compounds. Antibacterial activity of wells method of ceremai leaf extract and fraction with a concentration of 15%, 20%, and 25% had an average inhibitory zone diameter, respectively, of ethanol extract 13,24 mm, 13,74 mm, and 14,13 mm, n-hexane fraction 13,806 mm, 14,32 mm and 14,763 mm and ethanol fraction 13,096 mm, 13,416 mm, and 13,486 mm. The results of the identification of antibacterial activity of ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction and ethanol fraction showed that the n-hexane fraction had the highest inhibition zone although it was still classified as a weak inhibition zone. Keywords : Ceremai Leaf, Ethanol Extract, n-Hexane Fraction, Salmonella thypi.

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Phytochemical Investigation and In vitro Antimalarial Activity of Acalypha indica (L.) and Cocculus hirsutus (L.) From Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh, India

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal ◽

10.13005/bpj/1592 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 2123-2134

Author(s):

Pasumarthi Brahmam ◽

Kanikaram Sunita

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Andhra Pradesh ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Standard Laboratory ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Cocculus Hirsutus ◽

Acalypha Indica ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extracts

The present study, report the phytochemical analysis and in vitro antimalarial activity of plants Acalypha indica (L.) and Cocculus hirsutus (L.). The A. indica and C. hirsutus plant was collected from Kadaparajupalle at Dornala mandal, Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Leaf, stem bark and root crude extracts prepared in Soxhlet apparatus with chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol solvents. The preliminary phytochemical screening of these extracts was conducted by following the standard methods. These extracts were tested for in vitro antimalarial activity against 3D7 and K1 strains of Plasmodium falciparum by standard laboratory protocol. In vitro cytotoxicity of the extracts was also tested by following standard laboratory method. The phytochemical screening has revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids & steroids, tannins, anthocyanidins, phenolic compounds, coumarins, quinones, resins and glycosides. Amongst all the extracts screened for antimalarial activity, the leaf chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of A. indica shown IC50 values of 3.34 µg/mL and 3.71 µg/mL respectively against 3D7 strain; the leaf chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of A. indica shown IC50 values of 1.47 µg/mL and 2.32 µg/mL respectively against K1 strain; the root chloroform and methanol extracts of C. hirsutus shown IC50 values of <0.78 µg/mL and 3.714 µg/mL respectively against 3D7 strain; the root chloroform and methanol extracts of C. hirsutus shown IC50 values of <0.78 µg/mL and 2.10 µg/mL respectively against K1 strain. Thus, the above extracts have shown very active antimalarial activity against 3D7 and K1 strains. And all the extracts were non-toxic showing CC50 values of >20 µg/mL against Vero cell line. The presence of high alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids of the plant extracts suggest their antioxidant potential and justifies their therapeutic action which could be used for the drug formulation. The chloroform root extract of C. hirsutus has shown excellent antimalarial activity which can be used for the development of new antimalarial drug policies.

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Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity of Dendobium lasianthera J.J.Sm. from Papua

JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA ◽

10.31957/jbp.1289 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 93-101

Author(s):

Verena Agustini ◽

Eva S. Simaremare ◽

Elsye Gunawan ◽

Jane Awom ◽

Susan Wopi

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Hexane Fraction ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Cytotoxic Potential ◽

Stem Extract ◽

Ethanol Fraction

The aims of the study are to evaluate bioactive compounds, antibacterial and cytotoxic potential of D. lasianthera. This orchid grows well all over New Guinea Island as an ornamental plant because of their beautiful flowers. Orchids also known rich of its phytochemical compounds which already used as a traditional medicine in many countries around the world. However, research in pharmacological fields is still limited. In this study, leaves and stem of D. lasianthera were powdered and extracted with ethanol followed by fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol solvent. Extract as well as fraction were tested for phytochemical screening and determined antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using Disc Diffusion Method. Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) was used to observe cytotoxic potential of leaves and stem extract and fraction at 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm. The results showed that the leaves and stem extract contained tannin and alkaloids, separately. The ethanol extract of D. lasianthera showed 7.35 mm (leaves) and 7.43 mm (stem) inhibition zone against S. aureus Furthermore, the maximum inhibition zone of ethanol fraction of leaves and n-hexane fraction of stem were 8.42 mm and 8.10 mm separately. The LC50 of stem extract and fractions in these study were 699.3 ppm (ethanol extract), 602.1 ppm (ethyl acetate), 329.6 ppm (n-hexane fraction) and 676 ppm (ethanol fraction), whereas for leaves, only ethyl acetate fraction has toxict activity with an average LC50 833.2 ppm. Key words: D. lasianthera; phytochemical screening; antibacterial; cytotoxicity; Papua.

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In Vitro Antidiabetic Activities of Extract and Isolated Flavonoid Compounds from Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.22146/ijc.21261 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 7-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Puspa Dewi Narrij Lotulung ◽

Tjandrawati Mozef ◽

Chandra Risdian ◽

Akhmad Darmawan

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Inhibition Mechanism ◽

Artocarpus Altilis ◽

Flavonoid Compounds ◽

Mechanism Of Inhibition ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extracts

The antidiabetic activity test through a mechanism of inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme was studied against ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of ethanol extract of Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg (Moraceae) leaves and four flavonoid compounds isolated from ethyl acetate extracts of A. altilis. Ethyl acetate fraction has strongest antidiabetic activity compared to ethanol, n-hexane, and n-butanol fractions with IC50values5.98,6.79, 440.18and14.42μg/mL, respectively. Four flavonoid compounds (1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[8-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-5-yl]-1-propanone (AC-31), 2-geranyl-2',3,4,4'-tetrahydroxy dihydrochalcone (AC-51), 8-geranyl-4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone (AC-33) andcyclocommunol (AA-3), have been isolated from ethylacetate fraction. AC-31 was the strongest antidiabetic compound compared to AC-51, AC-33 and cyclocommunolwithIC50values are 15.73, 24.41,49.49,and72.20μg/mL. Kineticstudies of AC-31 using Lineweaver-Burk method showed that inhibition mechanism of enzymeα-glucosidase was anon-competitivetype.

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