scholarly journals Growth and Development of Seedlings of Scots Pine and European Spruce Container Seedlings Using Various Materials to Neutralise the Substrate

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Vadzim Nosnikau ◽  
Ivan Kimeichuk ◽  
Siarhei Rabko ◽  
Oleksandr Kaidyk Kaidyk ◽  
Vasyl Khryk Khryk
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Container Seedlings ◽  
Aboveground Part ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Definite Pattern

The article analyses the features of growth and development of seedlings of Scots pine and European spruce on substrates in which various materials were used to neutralise them, affecting the reaction of the environment. According to the research results, the highest germination of seeds of both woody species was established on substrates with a ratio of dolomite flour of 30% and chalk of 70%, while in the case of using pure chalk, seed germination was significantly lower. Scots pine seeds germination in the substrate ranged from 77.6% to 90.1%, and European spruce seeds – from 66.4% to 94.3%. During the cultivation of seedlings of Scots pine and European spruce container seedlings, differences in the content of mobile forms of phosphorus are noted in all variants of the experiment. However, no definite pattern was found depending on the share of participation of various types of lime material. In the substrate of seedlings of Scots pine at the end of the growing season, the content of nitrate nitrogen naturally increases from 1069.1 to 1323.6 mg/100 g of absolutely dry substrate with a decrease in the proportion of dolomite and an increase in the proportion of chalk in the lime neutralising material. Another pattern is manifested when growing seedlings of European spruce container seedlings: the lowest content of nitrate nitrogen (412.1 mg/100 g of absolutely dry substrate) is established in the case of mixing dolomite flour and chalk in equal proportions (option 3). Differences in the content of mobile forms of iron were revealed in all experimental versions of the substrate of both woody species. For the cultivation of Scots pine, its amount ranges from 16.67 to 28.81 mg/100 g of absolutely dry substrate, and European spruce – from 18.40 to 20.99 mg/100 g of absolutely dry substrate. In general, low content of mobile iron was observed in the substrate of growing pine and spruce seedlings in containers. In all experimental variants, the height of seedlings of Scots pine container seedlings exceeds the required average height of the aboveground part in accordance with national standard by 1.3-2.0 times, and for seedlings of European spruce the excess was 1.2-1.5 times. In seedlings of Scots pine and European spruce, according to the variants of the experiment, the average height of the aboveground part rises with an increase in the concentration of dolomite in the mixture of neutralising material from 50% and higher

Silvicultural characteristics of a Scots pine stand on drift sands

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Maddelein ◽  
N. Lust
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pine Regeneration

The  study of a seventy years old stand of Scots pine on drift sands proves that  Scots pine growth on these sites was and is still relatively good: average  diameter 27.6 cm, average height 19.4 m, standing volume 213 m3 and an annual increment  of 4.9 m3.ha-1.yr-1. All Scots pines  belong to the upper storey. Yet considerable differences in crown development  and vitality are observed. The current growth rate and the spontaneous  settlement of pine seedlings under canopy show the ideal conditions for the  creation of a high forest with reserves. Anyway a rotation period of more  than 70 years is recommendable.     On several places a consolidated regeneration of Scots pine seedlings under  canopy occur. Groups with a stem number of 700 to 3,500 seedlings per are, ranging  in age from 3 to 11 years and in height from 10 to 170 cm, are present. This  Scots pine regeneration has developed in a normal mor humus layer and in a  dense Deschampsia mat.      Broadleaved regeneration is not so abundant, and consists for 75 % of black  cherry. Absence of seed trees, browsing damage and the exclusive character of  black cherry are the limiting factors for the installation and survival of  valuable indigenous species, such as pedunculate oak.     Provided that black cherry is removed and that the regeneration is  protected against wild damage, it is possible to create a mixed forest  dominated by Scots pine but with a considerable admixture of indigenous  broadleaved trees. However, if black cherry will not be sufficiently  controlled, it can be expected that in a first phase black cherry will  dominate the understorey, that it will prevent the regeneration of all other  species and that, very soon, it will form an almost single-species dominated  stage in forest succession.

scholarly journals Biomorphological features of varieties Canna x generalis Bailey when introduced under arid conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 01017
Author(s):  
Shohista Samatova ◽  
Lutfullo Yoziev ◽  
Muhayyo Buranovа
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Order ◽  
Aboveground Part ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The article presents the results of studies of the biomorphological features of cannas in arid conditions. It was found that the varieties differ in the height of shoots and their number, the number of leaves and flowers on the shoots, the number of renewal buds formed by the end of the growing season. On one shoot of the Crozi cannas varieties, 2-4 renewal buds are laid, of which 1-2 shoots develop. All varieties are characterized by: the effect of the size of the 1st assimilating leaf on the total number of leaves is observed only on the first order shoots; an increase in the height of shoots with an increase in their order; a decrease in the number of leaves with an increase in the order of shoots; in the conditions of the Karshi oasis at an elevated air temperature (average ten-day values from +26.7 to + 33.4°С) in June-August - there is an increased growth and development of the aboveground part, with a decrease in temperature (to 19.5°С) from the end of September - underground.

scholarly journals Ammonia–Nitrate Mixture Dominated by NH4+–N Promoted Growth, Photosynthesis and Nutrient Accumulation in Pecan (Carya illinoinensis)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1808
Author(s):  
Mengyun Chen ◽  
Kaikai Zhu ◽  
Pengpeng Tan ◽  
Junping Liu ◽  
Junyi Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Imbalance ◽  
N Source ◽  
Soluble Phenols ◽  
Indoor Aerosol ◽  
Nitrate Mixture

Although ammonia–nitrogen (NH4+–N) and nitrate–nitrogen (NO3−–N) are the two main forms of N absorbed and utilized by plants, the preferences of plants for these forms are still unclear. In this study, we analyzed the growth, photosynthesis, and nutrients of pecan under different NH4+:NO3− ratios (0/0, 0/100, 25/75, 50/50, 75/25, 100/0) by indoor aerosol incubation. The results showed that additions of different N forms promoted the growth and development of pecan seedlings. When NO3−–N was used as the sole N source, it significantly promoted the ground diameter growth of pecan and increased the leaf pigment content and photosynthetic rate. The NH4+:NO3− ratio of 75:25 and NH4+–N as the sole N source significantly increased the soluble sugars in stems and roots, starch in leaves, stems and roots, soluble protein in leaves and stems, and soluble phenols in stems and roots. Additionally, the NH4+:NO3− ratio of 75:25 increased plant height, leaf number, root soluble protein, and leaf soluble phenol contents. In conclusion, regarding the physiological aspects of pecan growth, pecans are more inclined to use NH4+–N. Considering that the NH4+–N as the only N source may lead to nutrient imbalance or even toxicity, the NH4+:NO3− ratio of 75:25 was most favorable for the growth and development of pecan seedlings.

scholarly journals Estimation of 90Sr content in wood of scots pine based on measurement surface flux density of beta-particles from stem bark

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
D. M. Holiaka ◽  
S. E. Levchuk ◽  
Ya. A. Savytska ◽  
O. M. Lesnik ◽  
V. V. Humeniuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flux Density ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Surface Flux ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Beta Particles ◽  
Express Methods ◽  
90Sr Activity

This paper presents an approach for indirect measuring of 90Sr activity concentration in stem wood of Scots pine`s live trees within the Chernobyl exclusion zone based on values of beta-particles surface flux density from stem bark at a thee height of 1.3 m above the forest floor that obtained by use STORA-TU RKS-01 radiometer-dosimeter under field condition. The similar express-methods often consider in scientific publications so as they allow to obtain probable levels of radiation contamination without taking samples for laboratory measurements. That in turn can be used to optimize sampling or for example in the case of the need to preserve the intact initial state of the biota during long-term in situ or/and in vivo observations. The empirical data for validation of the method have received on 13 experimental sites of artificial (plantation) even-aged stands which consist only of one woody species: Scots pine. The correlation analysis discovered statistical significant relation at p-value=0.05 between arithmetic averages of beta-particles surface flux density from stem bark of pine trees at the forest sites and 90Sr activity concentration in stem wood elements (sap wood, heartwood and all stem wood), and functional dependencies among these parameters are described by a simple linear equation with only one slope parameters (R2 = 0.90–0.96) whose predicted values for sap wood, heartwood, and all stem wood are (± standard deviation) 23.1±8.5, 42.3±10.3, and 26.8±6.8 Bq·cm2·min·(kg·pcs)-1, respectively. Moreover, the influence of biometric indicators of individual trees (diameter, height, age) on this pattern was not detected. However, the average diameter (DBH) of stands has the strongest influence among forest inventory indicators on the value of the 90Sr activity concentration ratio between sap wood and heartwood (r = 0.93), that is, the radial distribution of the studied radionuclide in stem wood of pine trees. The results of these studies should be confirmed by a larger collection of observations for Scots pine given the small sample size for her in this paper. Also, scientists are necessary to include empirical data for other major forest-forming woody species within the research region due to the importance of using express-methods of radioactive contamination levels estimation for the planning and optimization of forest management.

Container and root treatments affect growth and root form of planted ponderosa pine

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyton W. Owston ◽  
K. W. Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Container Seedlings ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
One Year

Field performance and root form of container-grown Pinnsponderosa Laws. seedlings were studied after application of three treatments and compared with untreated bare-root seedlings. One-year-old seedlings grown in 1.9-ℓ milk carton containers were treated by (1) removing the bottom of the container, (2) removing the whole container, and (3) removing the whole container and cutting spiralled roots off at the bottom of the surface of the root ball. Survival was excellent for trees of all treatments. Bare-root seedlings grew most in height the first season, but after 5 years, the average height of container seedlings was greater than for bare-root trees. Seedlings with container removed and roots cut were tallest and had root systems that appeared sturdiest. Most of these had well developed taproots and good outward growth of laterals with little spiralling. Aborted or kinked taproots and spiralled laterals were often found where only the bottom of the container had been removed.

scholarly journals Health condition of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in Kampinos National Park – preliminary studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-245
Author(s):  
Łukasz Tyburski ◽  
Paweł Przybylski
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
National Park ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Crown Condition ◽  
Tree Crowns ◽  
Pine Trees

Abstract In 2015 in Kampinos National Park (KNP), monitoring of tree crown condition was conducted in specimens of the Scots pine, which is the dominant tree species in the park (73.3%). The monitoring was aimed at providing information about the health of pine trees in the national park area. The monitoring was conducted on 26 plots throughout the park. The stands where the pine is not a dominant species were omitted. On each plot, 20 trees were subjected to assessment. In total, 520 pine trees were examined. The monitoring was conducted by the assessment of tree crowns based on the adapted forest monitoring methodology conducted as part of National Environmental Monitoring. On the basis of the monitoring, it was found that 75.4% of the trees are characterised by slight defoliation and 94.4% of the specimens were not found to have discoloration of the assimilation apparatus. No differences were found between areas situated closer and further from the administrative borders of Warsaw. On the basis of the monitoring, it was found that the pine trees in KNP are in a good health condition. Dendrometric measurements show that the average diameter at breast height (DBH) of the analysed trees is 26.6 cm. The average height of the trees is 20.4 m. The average age of the examined tree stands is 84. The monitoring will be continued in subsequent years in order to record the changes taking place in tree crowns.

scholarly journals Soil successions of Carbic Podzols (Arenic) under Scots Pine plantations in Kursk region

2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Nikolay Nevedrov ◽  
Maria Fomina ◽  
Galina Smitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Scots Pine Forest ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Kursk Region

Anthropogenic activities lead to significant transformations of natural landscapes. In this article, an attempt was made to describe the soil succession in the context of 100-year dynamics of Scots Pine forest stand in Kursk region. The morphological, physical, chemical and physical and chemical characteristics of sandy podzols in the chronological order of pine forests functioning 0 - 70 - 100 years were under analysis. It was revealed that monodominant forest stand of Scots Pine leads to the transformation of soils at the type level. It is noted that forest stand of Scots Pine on Umbric Podzols contribute to the development of the podzolic process at an average rate of formation of the podzolic horizon - 0.11 - 0.17 sm / year. During the time period of the soil succession (100 years), the thickness of the soil profile has increased and the humus reserves in the profile have increased by 47.1%, as well as a total decrease in the content of mineral nutrients is noted. The content of mobile forms of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn and Co) in the genetic horizons of Carbic Podzols (Arenic) in the time interval of the succession 70 - 100 years decreases by 21.4 - 71.4%.

scholarly journals Variability of old Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. vegetative progeny from the Augustowska Primeval Forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Matras-Zarzecka ◽  
Artur Zarzecki
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Traits

Abstract This study was carried out in the clone archive of old Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. trees located in the Augustowska Primeval Forest. The aim of the study was to determine the intra-clonal diversity among quantitative and qualitative traits of the vegetative progeny of Scots pine trees older than 200 years. Our analyses included traits such as survival rate, height and diameter at breast height (DBH), stem straightness, length and width of the crowns as well as branch thickness and growth angle. There was no significant correlation between the age of mother trees and the traits of their vegetative progeny. However, mother trees did affect the survival of the progeny. In overall, the survival rate of grafts in the archive is high (about 80% at the age of 13 years) and there have been no significant fluctuations in recent years. Nevertheless, the variability of quantitative traits among vegetative progeny was high with the average height ranging from 2.16 m up to 6.71 m, and in the case of DBH, ranging from 3.23 cm to 12.1 cm. Both, height of trees and their DBH, were significantly different among the analysed clones. These intra-clone differences in growth traits indicate a high environmental impact on the growth and performance of clones. However, the diversity of quantitative and qualitative traits is comparable to the differences observed in the economic seed orchards with seedlings at a similar age. Most of the genotypes planted in the archive are fully viable and have matured to the stage of seed production. The clone archive can thus be viewed as both, a conservation effort and to obtain valuable seeds from the point of view of tree breeding. Therefore, establishing archives of tree clones using valuable genotypes is an effective method of conserving individual genotypes even of very old individuals.

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