scholarly journals Experimental Studies of Structural and Technological Parameters of a Downdraft Gasifier Based on Plant Biomass

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Mykola Tregub ◽  
Anna Holubenko ◽  
Nataliya Tsyvenkova
Keyword(s):  
Void Ratio ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Downdraft Gasifier ◽  
Heat Quantity ◽  
Quality Coefficient ◽  
Coverage Quality ◽  
Operation Cycle

The relevance of the study is conditioned upon the need to develop and implement structural and technological solutions to improve the efficiency of the chemical and thermal conversion of biomass into combustible gas. Within the framework of the above, the authors of this paper have designed a downdraft gasifier running on plant biomass. The presented research links the heat quantity received from the utilisation of syngas produced during the gasifier operation cycle with the parameters of the gas blow regime and the physico-chemical properties of biomass. For an in-depth study of the influence of the gas blow regime on the yield and calorific value of syngas produced from biomass, the authors introduce the concept of the blow coverage quality coefficient. This coefficient describes the quality of the cross-section coverage of the gasification chamber neck with gas currents of the tuyere zone. The purpose of this study is to establish the influence of the blow coverage quality coefficient, the volume of blow gases and the void ratio of the bulk biomass layer on the heat quantity received from syngas produced during the gasifier operation cycle. A multi-factor experiment was planned and performed, which relates the dependent factor to variables, and the corresponding response surfaces were constructed. The research findings are that the maximum value of the heat quantity received from the utilisation of syngas produced during the one-hour gasifier operation cycle was 519 MJ. This value is achieved with 0.8 blow coverage quality coefficient and a blow gas volume of 47.4 m3/h and 46.75% void ratio of the bulk biomass layer. The measurement results are highly consistent with the calculated data. The coefficient of determination was R2=0.983. The practical value of this study is to substantiate the rational design and technological parameters of the downdraft biomass gasifier operation, which will increase the efficiency of biomass energy production. The findings presented in this study can be used both to design new gasifiers and to improve the efficiency of the available ones

scholarly journals Gasification of Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) Biomass–Energy Recovery and Environmental Impacts

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4960
Author(s):  
Adam Koniuszy ◽  
Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw ◽  
Cezary Podsiadło ◽  
Paweł Sędłak ◽  
Ewa Możdżer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect

Biomass from cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) is considered a renewable energy source that can be converted into alternative fuel. Calorific syngas, a promising type of advanced fuel, can be produced through thermochemical biomass gasification. In this study, the suitability of cup plant biomass for gasification was assessed, including the process energy balance and environmental impacts of waste from syngas purification. Silphium perfoliatum L. was cultivated as a gasification feedstock in different conditions (irrigation, fertilization). The experiments were performed in a membrane gasifier. All obtained energy parameters were compared to the biomass yield per hectare. The toxic effects of liquid waste were assessed using tests analyzing germination/seed root elongation of Sinapsis alba. Leachates collected from condensation tanks of a gas generator were introduced to soil at the following doses: 100, 1000 and 10,000 mg kg−1 DM of soil. The usefulness of Silphium perfoliatum L. for gasification was confirmed. The factors of plant cultivation affected the biomass yield, the volume and calorific value of syngas and the amount of biochar. It was determined that the components found in condensates demonstrate a phytotoxic effect, restricting or inhibiting germination and root elongation of Sinapsis alba. Due to this potential hazard, the possibility of its release to the environment should be limited. Most of the biomass is only used for heating purposes, but the syngas obtained from the cup plant can be used to power cogeneration systems, which, apart from heat, also generate electricity.

scholarly journals Design development and study of an elastic sectional screw operating tool

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-632
Author(s):  
Roman Hevko ◽  
Sergii Zalutskyi ◽  
Ihor Tkachenko ◽  
Oleg Lyashuk ◽  
Oleksandra Trokhaniak
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Tool Development ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Power Capacity ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Peripheral Part ◽  
Damage Rate ◽  
Minimal Damage

The results of an elastic sectional screw operating tool development and its production technique are presented in the article under consideration. The operating tool has been made to fix the elastic sections, providing the transportation of bulk materials of agricultural production, in order to ensure their minimal damage and the process minimal power capacity. The article presents constructed regression dependencies and response surfaces for the effects of the design, kinematic and technological parameters of a sectional screw operating tool on power consumption and the damage rate of grain material in the process of its transportation. As the result of the conducted experimental research, authors came to a conclusion that the arrangement of an elastic auger without a gap between its peripheral part and the inner surface of the guiding tube significantly reduces vibrations in the process of conveying bulk material.

Observation of Impact of Progressive Cooling System on Temperature Field Distributions on Surfaces of Injection Moulded Plastic Parts

2015 ◽  
Vol 669 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Martin Seidl ◽  
Jiří Bobek ◽  
Petr Lenfeld ◽  
Jiří Habr ◽  
Luboš Bĕhálek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Temperature Field ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Cooling Method ◽  
Heat Quantity ◽  
Conventional Cooling ◽  
Plastic Parts

Cooling the injection moulds with using of liquid CO2 is rated among progressive and innovative tempering systems nowadays. In the ideal case this cooling method is chosen in combination with conventional drilled or milled tempering channels where the heat transfer medium flows. These wide-spread ways of cooling are not very often effective enough and they do not provide required accuracy of heat transfer control during production by injection moulding technology. Implementation of capillary tubes that bring the liquid CO2 to critical zones enables local increasing of heat transfer. Regulation of liquid CO2 amount that is injected into mould enables removal of required heat quantity in a very short time period. In this way the homogenous rate of part cooling can be achieved which is very difficult when producing the parts with complex geometry or with combination of various wall thickness. The final mechanical and physical properties of moulded parts accrue from properties of polymer material, part design and used technological parameters. This article deals with evaluation of technological parameters, concretely the cooling parameters of both the conventional cooling method and the system utilizing the cooling potential of liquid CO2. The analysis is focused on observation of temperature field distribution on injected part surfaces.

Analysis of Plant Biomass Pretreatment Technology for Fuel Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-448
Author(s):  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Mengdi Zhao ◽  
Kai Xiao ◽  
Xianli Liu ◽  
Xude Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Pretreatment Technology

Facing the double challenges of energy shortage and environmental pollution, development and utilization of biomass energy is of great urgency. In this review paper, the current situation and types of biomass energy are reviewed and discussed based on the world energy crisis and its environmental problems. As a typical renewable green liquid energy, bio-ethanol, made from plants with rich reserves, could be applied to the field of traffic transportation. Due to the complex structure, variety, and stable nature of plant biomass, cost-effective pretreatment technology has become an urgent demand in the bio-energy field of current world. At present, various pretreatment methods for enzymatic saccharification of plant biomass have different defects. Therefore, the research on pretreatment technology needs to comprehensively consider the heterogeneity of chemical composition and structural characteristics of raw material and the pertinence of pretreatment methods.

scholarly journals Research of influence of constructive and technological parameters of developed variants of screws with screw working bodies rabbit

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
M. B. Klendii ◽  
◽  
M. I. Klendii ◽  
R. V. Shatrov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Experimental Researches

The purpose of the study is to establish the influence of design and technological parameters of the developed variants of the harrow with screw working bodies on the efficiency of earning plant residues. The object of research is the technological process of tillage with a harrow with screw working bodies. The subject of the study is the patterns of the process of earning crop residues depending on the change in the angle of attack of the working body, the step size of the screw working body and the depth of tillage On the basis of the complex of experimental researches the regression dependences for definition of percent of the area of a surface of a field with full earning of the vegetative rests by a harrow with screw working bodies are deduced. The response surfaces of the percentage of the surface area of the field with the full earning of crop residues ξ during tillage with a harrow with screw working bodies are constructed. It is established that the dominant influence on the percentage of the field surface area with full earnings of crop residues ξ has the depth of tillage h, then the angle of attack β of the battery of screw working bodies and the least affected step size of the screw working body T.

A possibility of using nickel concentrate, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-containing raw materials, at steel alloying

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 709-715
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kichigina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Nickel Recovery ◽  
Nickel Concentrate ◽  
Steel Alloying ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Comprehensive Processing

At production of stainless steel expensive alloying elements, containing nickel, are used. To decrease the steel cost, substitution of nickel during steel alloying process by its oxides is an actual task. Results of analysis of thermodynamic and experimental studies of nickel reducing from its oxide presented, as well as methods of nickel oxide obtaining at manganese bearing complex raw materials enrichment and practice of its application during steel alloying. Technology of comprehensive processing of complex manganese-containing raw materials considered, including leaching and selective extraction out of the solution valuable components: manganese, nickel, iron, cobalt and copper. Based on theoretical and experiment studies, a possibility of substitution of metal nickel by concentrates, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment, was confirmed. Optimal technological parameters, ensuring high degree of nickel recovery out of the initial raw materials were determined. It was established, that for direct steel alloying it is reasonable to add into the charge pellets, consisting of nickel concentrate and coke fines, that enables to reach the through nickel recovery at a level of 90%. The proposed method of alloying steel by nickel gives a possibility to decrease considerably steel cost at the expense of application of nickel concentrate, obtained out of tails of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-bearing raw materials, which is much cheaper comparing with the metal nickel.

Operation intensification methods of aggressive industrial sewage neutralization facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1149-1153
Author(s):  
N. S. Tsarev ◽  
V. I. Aksenov ◽  
I. I. Nichkova
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Specific Productivity ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Preliminary Heating ◽  
Sediment Treatment ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Equipment Operation ◽  
Sediment Volume ◽  
Industrial Sewage

To neutralize the waste pickling solutions and rinsing water, resulting from cleaning metal products s surface of rust by acids solutions, lime is used. Being cheap, this method of sewage neutralization has considerable drawbacks. Forming in the technological pipes strong gypsum depositions and low specific productivity of the equipment for sediment dewatering are most significant of them. Characteristic of aggressive industrial sewage, formed at pickling of ferrous metals presented. Methods of elimination of drawbacks of industrial sewage neutralization by lime considered, including stabilization of neutralized industrial sewage and control of properties of the sediment formed. It was noted, that stability of the circulating water can be provided by accelerating of crystallization of the forming gypsum sediments by introducing in it fine priming powder and heating the neutralized water up to 65-70 °С followed by thermal softening of a part of circulating water, removed out of the circulating system. It was shown, that the heating of the water and the ongoing changes of the composition and properties of the sediment result in decrease of filtration resistance 2-3 folds, increase of deposition speed 3-4 folds and decrease the sediment volume 1.5-2 folds comparing with lime neutralization in cold water. Calculated dozes of lime at the heating were taken the same as at the regular lime neutralization. Elimination of the circulating water oversaturation by bi-water gypsum can be reached also by addition into the water of powder-like gypsum pulp - priming powder for microcrystals of the gypsum, followed by aeration during 30-40 min. This method was tested under industrial conditions. Technological properties of the forming sediment can be improved by sediment treatment by flocculants and preliminary heating of the neutralized water up to 65-70 °С. Control of technological properties of the sediment is done by addition of flocculants and heating of the neutralized water. Recommendations for improving operation of the neutralization facilities presented with indicating particular technological parameters of the equipment operation for sewage and sediment treatment. 

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