scholarly journals Impact of Roadside Fixed Objects in Traffic Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 5428-5433
Author(s):  
N. Hazim ◽  
L. Shbeeb ◽  
Z. Abu Salem
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Lateral Clearance ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Left Lane

Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) assumes that traffic flow rates are equally distributed between lanes, which is not always the case. Lane distribution and speed are influenced by lateral clearance on the roadsides. In Jordan, the absence of well-marked lanes and poor lane discipline results in under-utilizing of the freeway capacity. The objective of this study is to look into the impact of the presence of roadside objects on lane distribution and speed. Test sections were selected on six-lane freeway segments located in sub-urban areas on tangent highway segments. Speed measurements and distribution counts made for each lane on a directional three-lane segment of the freeway. The results showed that lane distribution significantly varies depending on lateral clearance and traffic. As lateral displacement increases, right-lane-use and left-lane-use increases while the middle-lane use remains almost at the same level. Average speed increases as the lateral clearance increases. The results also showed that average speed and lane distribution for 1.5m lateral clearances are very similar to no obstacle conditions. The impact of an obstacle is more significant on the right lane while the use of the left lane fluctuates with a significant increase if traffic flow rates reach high levels.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT, GREEN CONSTRUCTION AND LANDSCAPE DESIGN AS AN ACTUAL ECOLOGICAL CHALLENGE OF YOUTH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.N. Nedbaev ◽  
◽  
S.V. Nedbaeva ◽  
O.V. Goncharova ◽  
I.B. Kotova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Red Oaks ◽  
Intergenerational Ties ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ecological Landscape ◽  
The Impact

The quality of life in the urban system is closely associated with environmental conditions. With the right use of design tools, it is possible to solve the environmental problems of youth through the impact of landscape design on human opinion. Such landscaping areas as territories of memorable historical places must be complied with the modern requirements of society to preserve historical memory. It is discussed in the article the issues of solving problems to improve the factors of the urban environment that have a positive impact on maintaining intergenerational ties. The relevance of the project "Living memory of the Great Victory: for the glory of life, unity and the future" is grounded on the beautification and landscape design of Armavir. It is described a new ecological landscape approach to the planting of greenery and improvement of memorial complexes, based on the creation of a natural, relatively sustainable ecosystem. It is described the concept of laying park sites, performing cognitive, patriotic, informational, and environmental functions. The proposed style of memorial park territories supports the general historical and local history orientation of the territory in the design and improvement of urban areas with minimal resources for planting red oaks, based on the independent cultivation of seedlings from acorns. Ecological and patriotic project is aimed at creating and maintaining a sustainable landscape structure.

Research on Traffic Flow Redistribution Algorithm under the Traffic Accident

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 1747-1750
Author(s):  
Yong Cun Zhu ◽  
Wen Yong Li ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Route Guidance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Allocation Method ◽  
The Right ◽  
Capacity Constrained ◽  
Dynamic Route ◽  
The Impact

To reduce traffic incident, it is imperative to take effective measures. This paper presents a dynamic route guidance method based on capacity constrained allocation method. Firstly, it analyzes the character of capacity constrained allocation method which takes into account the right of way and traffic load characteristics and used ant algorithms to optimize algorithm. Secondly, it integrates with multi-period continuous dynamic route guidance to realize the redistribution of road traffic flow . Finally, an example is took to prove that this manner can be a perfect solution to the road traffic evens on the impact of the road traffic flow.

scholarly journals Effects of varying sampling effort on the observed diversity of carabid (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages in the Danglobe Project, Denmark

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sapia ◽  
Gábor Lövei ◽  
Zoltán Elek
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Index Family

Diversity relations among three stages of an urbanisation gradient were studied, using the Rényi scalable diversity index family and the Right Tail Sum (RTS) diversity. The rural areas were less diverse than either the urban or the suburban ones. The urban areas were more diverse considering the dominant species, while the suburban areas were more diverse considering the rare species. Next, we examined the impact of different sampling regimes on these diversity relations. A pulsating sampling method (sampling for 2 weeks every month) gave the same diversity ordering as continuous sampling. Further reduction in sampling period altered the diversity relations.

scholarly journals Influence of Large Vehicles on the Speed of Expressway Traffic Flow

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Gao ◽  
Jinliang Xu ◽  
Xingli Jia ◽  
Yaping Dong ◽  
Han Ru
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Flow Data ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Mixing Rate ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Large vehicles impact the quality of traffic flow. To predict the impact of large-scale vehicles on the average speed of traffic flow, vehicle speeds under different vehicle mixing rates were collected through field observations. A laser roadside traffic survey instrument with automatic vehicle type identification functionality was used to collect cross section traffic flow data. The v/C ratio, large vehicle mixing rate, and average speed of traffic were calculated for each data set. A total of 158 traffic flow data sets were captured and divided into three groups according to the v/C ratio of the expressway. The v/C ratio ranges of the three groups are v/C≤0.35, 0.35<v/C≤0.55, and 0.55<v/C≤0.90. SPSS software was used to analyze the correlation between the vehicle mixing rate and the average speed under different traffic flow conditions, and a model was determined between the average speed of the vehicle flow and the large vehicle mixing rate. Analysis of the results with SPSS revealed a negative logarithmic linear relationship between the average traffic speed and the mixing rate of large vehicles. The results could also be applied to passenger cars. The models are considered as corrections of the average speed of the traffic flow after the mixing of large vehicles. When the mixing rate of large vehicles is close to zero, the forecast value of the model is the average speed of passenger cars. Furthermore, as the traffic volume of the road section increased, the influence of the mixing rate on traffic flow speed became more obvious. The adaptability of the proposed prediction model of the expressway mixing rate was verified by evaluating model predictions against actual measurements.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Age and Gender Characteristics of Mixed Traffic with Autonomous and Manual Vehicles: A Cellular Automata Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tanveer ◽  
Faizan Ahmad Kashmiri ◽  
Hassan Naeem ◽  
Huimin Yan ◽  
Xin Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Heterogeneous Traffic ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Traffic congestion has become increasingly prevalent in many urban areas, and researchers are continuously looking into new ways to resolve this pertinent issue. Autonomous vehicles are one of the technologies expected to revolutionize transportation systems. To this very day, there are limited studies focused on the impact of autonomous vehicles in heterogeneous traffic flow in terms of different driving modes (manual and self-driving). Autonomous vehicles in the near future will be running parallel with manual vehicles, and drivers will have different characteristics and attributes. Previous studies that have focused on the impact of autonomous vehicles in these conditions are scarce. This paper proposes a new cellular automata model to address this issue, where different autonomous vehicles (cars and buses) and manual vehicles (cars and buses) are compared in terms of fundamental traffic parameters. Manual cars are further divided into subcategories on the basis of age groups and gender. Each category has its own distinct attributes, which make it different from the others. This is done in order to obtain a simulation as close as possible to a real-world scenario. Furthermore, different lane-changing behavior patterns have been modeled for autonomous and manual vehicles. Subsequently, different scenarios with different compositions are simulated to investigate the impact of autonomous vehicles on traffic flow in heterogeneous conditions. The results suggest that autonomous vehicles can raise the flow rate of any network considerably despite the running heterogeneous traffic flow.

scholarly journals The impact of the average traffic flow speed on occurrence risk of road crash

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Dalibor Pešić ◽  
Boris Antić ◽  
Emir Smailovic ◽  
Bojana Todosijević
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Flow Speeds ◽  
Road Crash ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

Traffic flow characteristics have a significant impact on occurrence risk of road crash. The most important characteristics of the traffic flow, the impact of which is the subject of numerous studies, are the traffc flow, density, average traffic flow speed, dispersion of traffic flow speeds, as well as the contents of vehicle in traffic flow. These characteristics are in strong correlation between each other, so changes in one parameter conditional make change of other parameters. Research shows that speed-related traffic flow parameters have a significant impact on occurrence risk of road crash. Therefore, in this study an analysis of the impact of the change in the average speed of the traffic flow on the risk of an accident occurred. The research includes a section of the single carriageway from Preljina to Ljig. After the construction of the highway in the stated section of the signle carriageway, a change in the characteristics of the traffic flow occurred, with this study examining the impact of changing the average speed of the traffic flow to the occurrence risk of road crash. The connection between the speed of traffic flow and the risk of accidents has been confirmed in this study, so with the increase in average speed the risk of accidents increases.

Emotional Reactivity to Visual Content as Revealed by ERP Component Clustering

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslaw Wyczesany ◽  
Szczepan J. Grzybowski ◽  
Jan Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the study, the neural basis of emotional reactivity was investigated. Reactivity was operationalized as the impact of emotional pictures on the self-reported ongoing affective state. It was used to divide the subjects into high- and low-responders groups. Independent sources of brain activity were identified, localized with the DIPFIT method, and clustered across subjects to analyse the visual evoked potentials to affective pictures. Four of the identified clusters revealed effects of reactivity. The earliest two started about 120 ms from the stimulus onset and were located in the occipital lobe and the right temporoparietal junction. Another two with a latency of 200 ms were found in the orbitofrontal and the right dorsolateral cortices. Additionally, differences in pre-stimulus alpha level over the visual cortex were observed between the groups. The attentional modulation of perceptual processes is proposed as an early source of emotional reactivity, which forms an automatic mechanism of affective control. The role of top-down processes in affective appraisal and, finally, the experience of ongoing emotional states is also discussed.

Subtle Impact of Akt1 and Akt3 on Exploratory Behavior in Gene Targeted Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 223 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Leibrock ◽  
Michael Hierlmeier ◽  
Undine E. Lang ◽  
Florian Lang
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Closed Area ◽  
Light Area ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Center Area ◽  
Dark Transition

Abstract. The present study explored the impact of Akt1 and Akt3 on behavior. Akt1 (akt1-/-) and Akt3 (akt3-/-) knockout mice were compared to wild type (wt) mice. The akt1-/- mice, akt3-/- mice, and wt mice were similar in most parameters of the open-field test. However, the distance traveled in the center area was slightly but significantly less in akt3-/- mice than in wt mice. In the light/dark transition test akt1-/- mice had significantly lower values than wt mice and akt3-/- mice for distance traveled, number of rearings, rearing time in the light area, as well as time spent and distance traveled in the entrance area. They were significantly different from akt3-/- mice in the distance traveled, visits, number of rearings, rearing time in the light area, as well as time spent, distance traveled, number of rearings, and rearing time in the entrance area. In the O-maze the time spent, and the visits to open arms, as well as the number of protected and unprotected headdips were significantly less in akt1-/- mice than in wt mice, whereas the time spent in closed arms was significantly more in akt1-/- mice than in wt mice. Protected and unprotected headdips were significantly less in akt3-/- mice than in wt mice. In closed area, akt3-/- mice traveled a significantly larger distance at larger average speed than akt1-/- mice. No differences were observed between akt1-/- mice, akt3-/- mice and wt-type mice in the time of floating during the forced swimming test. In conclusion, akt1-/- mice and less so akt3-/ mice display subtle changes in behavior.

The Impact of Internal Work Environment on the Retention of Healthcare Providers at Turaif General Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1183-1199
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alrouili ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Internal Work ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

This study attempted to identify the impact of internal work environment on the retention of healthcare providers at Turaif General Hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In particular, the study aimed to identify the dimensions of work circumstances, compensation, and relationship with colleagues, professional growth, and the level of healthcare providers’ retention. In order to achieve the study goals, the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach. The researcher used the questionnaire as the study tool. The study population comprised all the healthcare providers at Turaif General Hospital. Questionnaires were distributed to the entire study sample that consisted of 220 individuals. The number of questionnaires valid for study was 183 questionnaires. The research findings were as follows: the participants’ estimate of the work circumstances dimension was high (3.64), the participants’ estimate of the compensation dimension was moderate (3.32), the participants’ estimate of the relationship with colleagues dimension was high (3.62), the participants’ estimate of the professional growth dimension was weak (2.39), and the participants’ estimate of healthcare providers’ retention level was intermediate (2.75). Accordingly, the researcher’s major recommendations are: the need to create the right atmosphere for personnel in hospitals, the interest of the hospital to provide the appropriate conditions for the staff in terms of the physical and moral aspects for building the work adjustment in the staff, and conducting training courses and educational lectures for personnel in hospitals on how to cope with the work pressures.

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