scholarly journals The profile of the COvid-19 VACcination register SAFEty study in Sweden (CoVacSafe-SE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rickard Ljung ◽  
Anders Sundström ◽  
Maria Grünewald ◽  
Charlotte Backman ◽  
Nils Feltelius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
Historical Comparison ◽  
Swedish Medical

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been rapidly implemented in national vaccination programs world-wide after accelerated approval processes. The large population exposure achieved in very short time requires systematic monitoring of safety. The Swedish Medical Products Agency has launched a project platform for epidemiological surveillance to detect and characterise suspected adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines in Sweden. Methods: The platform includes all individuals 12 years or older in Sweden in 2021 and will be updated annually. Data, including vaccine and COVID-19 disease data, socioeconomic and demographic data, comorbidity, prescribed medicines and healthcare utilisation outcomes, are obtained from several national registers in collaboration with other Swedish Government agencies. Data from 2015 to 2019 are used as a historical comparison cohort unexposed to both the COVID-19 pandemic and to the COVID-19 vaccines. Results: The primary study cohort includes 8,305,978 adults 18 years and older permanently residing in Sweden on 31 December 2020. The historical control cohort includes 8,679,641 subjects. By 31 July 2021, around 50% of those 18 years and older and two-thirds of those 50 years and older were vaccinated with at least one dose, 90% of those 70 years or older had two doses. Conclusions: The nationwide register-based study cohort created by the Swedish Medical Products Agency with regular updates of individual level linkage of COVID-19 vaccination exposure data to other health data registers will facilitate both safety signal detection and evaluation and other pharmacoepidemiological studies.

scholarly journals Risk of Cancer Following the Use of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) Contaminated Ranitidine Products: A Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Hong Jin Yoon ◽  
Jie-Hyun Kim ◽  
Gi Hyeon Seo ◽  
Hyojin Park
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Cancer Outcomes ◽  
H2 Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Carcinogenic Agent ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a known carcinogenic agent, was recently detected in some products of ranitidine. Several studies have investigated the detectability of NDMA, in drugs and their risks. However, only a few epidemiological studies have evaluated cancer risk from the use of such individual drugs. This study investigates the risk of cancer in ranitidine users. We conducted an observational population-based cohort study using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment databases, which contain information about the use of medicines in South Korea. The primary study cohort consisted of ranitidine users (n = 88,416). For controls, we enrolled users of famotidine, another H2-receptor antagonist in which no NDMA has been detected. A 4:1 matched cohort was constructed to compare cancer outcomes of the two groups. Our matched cohort comprised of 40,488 ranitidine users and 10,122 famotidine users. There was no statistical difference in the overall cancer risk between the ranitidine and famotidine groups (7.45% vs. 7.56%, HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.91–1.07, p = 0.716). Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the analysis of 11 single cancer outcomes. We found no evidence that exposure to NDMA through ranitidine increases the risk of cancer.

scholarly journals Adjuvant Hormonotherapy and Cardiovascular Risk in Post-Menopausal Women with Breast Cancer: A Large Population-Based Cohort Study

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2254
Author(s):  
Matteo Franchi ◽  
Roberta Tritto ◽  
Luigi Tarantini ◽  
Alessandro Navazio ◽  
Giovanni Corrao
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
New Diagnosis

Background: Whether aromatase inhibitors (AIs) increase the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events, compared to tamoxifen, in women with breast cancer is still debated. We evaluated the association between AI and CV outcomes in a large population-based cohort of breast cancer women. Methods: By using healthcare utilization databases of Lombardy (Italy), we identified women ≥50 years, with new diagnosis of breast cancer between 2009 and 2015, who started adjuvant therapy with either AI or tamoxifen. We estimated the association between exposure to AI and CV outcomes (including myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, heart failure or any CV event) by a Cox proportional hazard model with inverse probability of treatment and censoring weighting. Results: The study cohort included 26,009 women starting treatment with AI and 7937 with tamoxifen. Over a median follow-up of 5.8 years, a positive association was found between AI and heart failure (Hazard Ratio = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.42) and any CV event (1.14, 1.00 to 1.29). The CV risk increased in women with previous CV risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Conclusions: Adjuvant therapy with AI in breast cancer women aged more than 50 years is associated with increased risk of heart failure and combined CV events.

Prenatal and postnatal risk factors for infantile pneumonia in a representative birth cohort

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (7) ◽  
pp. 1277-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. CHEN ◽  
H. J. WEN ◽  
P. C. CHEN ◽  
S. J. LIN ◽  
T. L. CHIANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Overweight

SUMMARYPneumonia is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in infants. However, information of risk factors for pneumonia in children aged <6 months is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors and their contribution to infantile pneumonia in a large population-based survey. Of 24 200 randomly sampled main caregivers invited, 21 248 (87·8%) participated in this study. A structured questionnaire was used to interview the main caregivers. Information regarding whether hospitalization was required, family environment, and medical history were obtained. The prevalence of pneumonia was 0·62% in our study cohort. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preterm birth, congenital cardiopulmonary disease, antibiotic use during pregnancy, maternal overweight, daily prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and visible mould on walls at home are risk factors associated with infantile pneumonia. Further study is warranted to investigate the causality and mechanisms of these novel factors.

scholarly journals Effect of ginger tea on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among cancer patients in selected hospitals, Bhubaneswar, Odisha

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1165-1171
Author(s):  
Sasmita Das ◽  
Mary Preety Banra ◽  
Neethu Maria Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Food Component ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
And Control

A quasi-experimental research study (posttest only research design) was conducted to evaluate the effect of ginger tea on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among cancer patients in selected hospitals of Bhubaneswar and to find out the association of level of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting with selected socio-demographic variables. For this study, a quantitative experimental approach and post-test only research design was adopted. 100 patients were selected by convenience sampling technique and categorized into experimental (n=50) and control group (n=50) for this study. Self- structured socio-demographic proforma and self- structured record analysis proforma was used to collect socio-demographic data and modified nausea and vomiting scale was used to measure the level of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among cancer patients. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Science). The post-testt level of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among experimental and control groups was compared by unpaired‘t’ test and the result showed (p=<0.0001) significant difference between both groups. The chi-square analysis shows a statistically significance association between chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and the emetogenic potential of the drug in both groups and in control group age was also significance associated. The ANOVA test revealed the statistically significance of the posttest level of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting within groups of the emetogenic potential of a drug. The present study concluded that the food component, like ginger tea, is an effective home remedy for the reduction of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among cancer patients. Further study can be conducted with a large population, different dose and compositions of ginger and with different adjuvant therapy to manage nausea and vomiting among cancer patients.

scholarly journals O8A.4 Asbestos exposure and prostate cancer, really?

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A71.1-A71
Author(s):  
Marie-Elise Parent ◽  
M Hugues Richard
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Chrysotile Asbestos ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundGeneral population exposure to asbestos from residential insulation and from environmental sources during childhood have recently been associated with prostate cancer. While asbestos fibers can be found in the prostate of workplace-exposed men at autopsy, few occupational studies have reported on asbestos exposure and prostate cancer incidence. We examined the association between lifetime occupational exposure to chrysotile asbestos and prostate cancer risk in a large population-based case-control study.MethodsCases were 1933 men with histologically-confirmed incident prostate cancer, aged ≤75 years, diagnosed in 2005–2009 in Montreal. Concurrently, 1994 population controls from the same residential area and age distribution were randomly selected from electoral lists. In-person interviews elicited detailed socio-demographics, lifestyle and work histories. Industrial hygienists used job-specific information to provide semi-quantitative evaluations of intensity and frequency of exposure to 345 chemical agents, including asbestos, and a measure of confidence in the evaluation. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for prostate cancer risk associated with exposure to chrysotile asbestos.ResultsAfter restriction to probable and definite exposure, and application of a 5 year lag, 12.5% of cases and 11.8% of controls were ever exposed to asbestos (OR=1.1, 95% CI 0.9–1.3). For duration of exposure, there was no increase in risk of overall prostate cancer in the lower tertiles of exposure but risk was elevated in the upper tertile (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.2). Similarly, for cumulative exposure, risk was elevated in the upper tertile only (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.1). Analyses considering tumor grades also showed a higher risk in the upper tertile of cumulative exposure for non-aggressive (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.2) and especially aggressive (OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.2–3.0) cancers.ConclusionOur findings are consistent with an increased risk of prostate cancer with prolonged and high cumulative exposure to chrysotile asbestos, and particularly for the aggressive form of the disease.

scholarly journals Impact of hematologic malignancy and type of cancer therapy on COVID-19 severity and mortality: lessons from a large population-based registry study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio García-Suárez ◽  
◽  
Javier de la Cruz ◽  
Ángel Cedillo ◽  
Pilar Llamas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Hematologic Malignancy ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Registry Study ◽  
Population Based Registry

Abstract Background Patients with cancer have been shown to have a higher risk of clinical severity and mortality compared to non-cancer patients with COVID-19. Patients with hematologic malignancies typically are known to have higher levels of immunosuppression and may develop more severe respiratory viral infections than patients with solid tumors. Data on COVID-19 in patients with hematologic malignancies are limited. Here we characterize disease severity and mortality and evaluate potential prognostic factors for mortality. Methods In this population-based registry study, we collected de-identified data on clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes in adult patients with hematologic malignancies and confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection within the Madrid region of Spain. Our case series included all patients admitted to 22 regional health service hospitals and 5 private healthcare centers between February 28 and May 25, 2020. The primary study outcome was all-cause mortality. We assessed the association between mortality and potential prognostic factors using Cox regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, hematologic malignancy and recent active cancer therapy. Results Of 833 patients reported, 697 were included in the analyses. Median age was 72 years (IQR 60–79), 413 (60%) patients were male and 479 (69%) and 218 (31%) had lymphoid and myeloid malignancies, respectively. Clinical severity of COVID-19 was severe/critical in 429 (62%) patients. At data cutoff, 230 (33%) patients had died. Age ≥ 60 years (hazard ratios 3.17–10.1 vs < 50 years), > 2 comorbidities (1.41 vs ≤ 2), acute myeloid leukemia (2.22 vs non-Hodgkin lymphoma) and active antineoplastic treatment with monoclonal antibodies (2·02) were associated with increased mortality; conventional chemotherapy showed borderline significance (1.50 vs no active therapy). Conversely, Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (0.33) and active treatment with hypomethylating agents (0.47) were associated with lower mortality. Overall, 574 (82%) patients received antiviral therapy. Mortality with severe/critical COVID-19 was higher with no therapy vs any antiviral combination therapy (2.20). Conclusions In this series of patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19, mortality was associated with higher age, more comorbidities, type of hematological malignancy and type of antineoplastic therapy. Further studies and long-term follow-up are required to validate these criteria for risk stratification.

scholarly journals Detection of Antigenic Variants of Subtype H3 Swine Influenza A Viruses from Clinical Samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte E. Martin ◽  
Andrew S. Bowman ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Jacqueline M. Nolting ◽  
David R. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Proximity Ligation Assay ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Vaccination Programs

ABSTRACT A large population of genetically and antigenically diverse influenza A viruses (IAVs) are circulating among the swine population, playing an important role in influenza ecology. Swine IAVs not only cause outbreaks among swine but also can be transmitted to humans, causing sporadic infections and even pandemic outbreaks. Antigenic characterizations of swine IAVs are key to understanding the natural history of these viruses in swine and to selecting strains for effective vaccines. However, influenza outbreaks generally spread rapidly among swine, and the conventional methods for antigenic characterization require virus propagation, a time-consuming process that can significantly reduce the effectiveness of vaccination programs. We developed and validated a rapid, sensitive, and robust method, the polyclonal serum-based proximity ligation assay (polyPLA), to identify antigenic variants of subtype H3N2 swine IAVs. This method utilizes oligonucleotide-conjugated polyclonal antibodies and quantifies antibody-antigen binding affinities by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Results showed the assay can rapidly detect H3N2 IAVs directly from nasal wash or nasal swab samples collected from laboratory-challenged animals or during influenza surveillance at county fairs. In addition, polyPLA can accurately separate the viruses at two contemporary swine IAV antigenic clusters (H3N2 swine IAV-α and H3N2 swine IAV-ß) with a sensitivity of 84.9% and a specificity of 100.0%. The polyPLA can be routinely used in surveillance programs to detect antigenic variants of influenza viruses and to select vaccine strains for use in controlling and preventing disease in swine.

scholarly journals Effects of Hearing Disability on the Employment Status Using WHODAS 2.0 in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9374
Author(s):  
Pin-Zhir Chao ◽  
Shih-Wei Huang ◽  
Reuben Escorpizo ◽  
Wen-Chou Chi ◽  
Chia-Feng Yen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Whodas 2.0 ◽  
Working Age

The aim of this study was to explore the association between employment status and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, Second Edition (WHODAS 2.0) scores of working-age subjects with hearing impairment. The data of 18,573 working-age subjects (age ≥ 18 and <65 years) with disabling hearing impairment were obtained from the Taiwan Data Bank of Persons with Disability (TDPD) for the period from 11 July 2012 to 31 October 2018. Demographic data and WHODAS 2.0 scores for each domain were analyzed to identify their relationship with employment status. Unemployed subjects with disabling hearing impairment had higher WHODAS 2.0 scores in all domains compared with the employed subjects. Binary logistic regression revealed that older age, female sex, lower educational level, institutional residence, rural residence, lower family income, and moderate to severe impairment were more strongly associated with unemployment status. The data in this large population-based study offer comprehensive information on important factors associated with the employment status of people with disabling hearing impairment. Early identification of risks of unemployment of patients with hearing impairment can raise awareness for aggressive community and government campaigns regarding public health to improve the self-confidence, social participation, and related psycho-social wellbeing of people.

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