scholarly journals Turning Point at the UNESCO Headquarters. Crossed Influences between Pier Luigi Nervi and Marcel Lajos Breuer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Martin Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Important Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Architectural Language

The history of architecture is closely linked to the evolution and the use of materials. Concrete was the most important material of the 20th century, becoming the medium for a new architecture. Many different architects not only relied on the use of concrete as their main mode of expression but also got involved in the quest for a new architectural language for the so-called new material. Pier Luigi Nervi and Marcel Breuer are not only among the great architects of the last century, but above all, they are masters of concrete, both developing extensive bodies of work based on the use of the material. Nervi and Breuer worked together in a virtuosic piece of architecture, the building for the UNESCO Headquarters in Paris. Built mainly in concrete and inaugurated in 1958, it occupies a relevant place in the history of architecture. This paper wants to highlight how during that process, both architects underwent a radical change in their careers and in relation to the use of concrete, turning this project in a milestone for the history of architecture as a whole. 

scholarly journals Urban Narratives in the Age of Revolutions: Early 20th century Ideas to Modernize Warsaw

2018 ◽  
pp. 101-147
Author(s):  
Barbara Arciszewska ◽  
Makary Górzyński
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Cultural Centers ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
The Russian Empire

In January 1906, in the turbulent period of 1905–1907, the poet, artist, and socialactivist Antoni Lange published in the Warsaw weekly Świat an essay called“Marzenia warszawskie” (“The Warsaw Dreams”). A several page text, illustratedwith woodcuts by the painter Andrzej Zarzycki, included a spectacular vision of metropolitanWarsaw of the future: a capital city with many public buildings and moderninfrastructure, a genuine center of Polish national and cultural life. The present essayanalyzes unexamined ideas of Lange in terms of the history of architecture, andin a double political and social context. “The Warsaw Dreams” was deeply rooted inthe political reality of the former Kingdom of Poland, addressing the issue of liberalizationof the Russian rule during the 1905 revolution. Using the vocabulary of urbanplanning and making a list of changes in the city’s architecture, Lange articulateda vision of the future space of Warsaw as a Polish metropolis of modernity, administeredindependently of Russia. In his essays he proposed to extend the city limits andremove its fortifications as well as introduce local government with significant prerogativesas an instrument of Warsaw’s great transformation – its aestheticization and construction of public buildings, such as national government edifices, schools,and cultural centers. The authors argue that by describing public architecture of thefuture Warsaw as a “dream” full of copies of well-known European architectural monumentsfrom Venice, Prague, and Cracow, Lange created a comprehensive politicalproject of autonomy of the Kingdom of Poland in the Russian empire. “The WarsawDreams” originally combined together architecture and politics, urban space and theproblems of Polish modernization, and the discourses of nationalism and socialism.Lange’s visionary proposal from 1906 is of the most imaginative responses to thechallenges of the development of Warsaw at the turn of the 20th century in the contextof Polish political and social problems of those times.

scholarly journals “To Build Out of a New Material with a New Form”. The Arrival of Concrete in Icelandic Architecture and the Rhetoric of Guðmundur Hannesson

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Nannini
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Common People ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material ◽  
New Form ◽  
Definition Of

The quick modernisation of Iceland, that rapidly took place from the first decades of the 20th century onwards, did not only bring fishing trawlers and cars into the country. Among all the techniques of modernity, concrete [steinsteypa] was to become the key material that changed the built landscape of the island and was soon adopted by the first Icelandic architects, such as Rögnvaldur Ólafsson (1874–1914) and Guðjón Samúelsson (1887–1950). Interestingly, the main supporter of this material was Guðmundur Hannesson (1866–1946), a medical doctor and town planner who wrote several articles and even a guidebook published in 1921 and titled Steinsteypa. Leiðarvísir fyrir alþýðu og viðvaninga [Concrete. Guidebook for Common People and Beginners]. In a country that was seeking an architectural self-representation, he understood the technical and formal possibilities that concrete could offer: he claimed, “people [...] were trying to change, to build out of a new material with a new form” (Guðmundur Hannesson 1926, 14). This essay aims thus to retrace the rhetoric of Guðmundur Hannesson and his role in writing an Icelandic chapter of the history of concrete, from its early stage of unmodern trial-and-error to the definition of a modern Icelandic architecture.

Patrimonio del XX secolo: restauro e storia materiale del costruito

TERRITORIO ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Franz Graf
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Monographic Study ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Material History ◽  
Three Components

With restoration the path taken reverses, to deal firstly with the object and then with the design. In this process, awareness of the material nature of the built assumes great importance because construction often constituted the central theme of design for many protagonists of the 20th Century. The material history of architecture is addressed along three main lines: the history of the materials, the history of the construction site and the history of the construction systems. Every building is conditioned by how these three components overlap. Systematic and thorough representation of these will give rise to a monographic study which describes it precisely. The method leads to identification of the problems presented by a building through scientific analysis and at the same time the method can be used to select, clearly interpret and identify the elements that one has decided to conserve, highlight or complete.

scholarly journals “Tendencias y guerrillas en la arquitectura española”. Arquitectura y Prensa

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Alberto Ruiz Colmenar
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
General Reader ◽  
Educational Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Mass Media

<p>Architecture critique has historically used specialised publications as a dissemination channel. These publications, written by and for architects, have been of seminal importance in the creation of architectural culture in Spain. Nevertheless, this type of publication leaves out the non-specialised public, mistakenly considering them alien to these matters. In this case, the mass media has filled this space, carrying out a very important educational role. Its task has not been that of a mere dissemination of contents, but it has also provided a platform for criticism and analysis of some of the main events in Spanish architecture over the course of the 20th Century. In this study we analyse the years preceding and following the Spanish Civil War. A review of the issues that the main papers addressed—ABC and La Vanguardia—allows us to grasp what the general reader perceived during a key period in our history of architecture.</p>

Hanseatisch modern

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Building ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Country Houses ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
New Construction ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Public Architecture

Using the example of the civic city of Hamburg, the book focuses on the impulses from the privately initiated architecture of modernity. Because in addition to the well-regarded public architecture of the Hanseatic city, key architectures in the 20th century were often due to private impulses. Examples are villas and country houses, but also the new construction of the Hamburg State Opera, a public building that goes back to initiatives by the Hanseatic merchants. In addition to in-depth individual studies, for example on the building of the Hamburg Kunstverein from 1930, it is also about private-sector construction as an expression of a specific Hamburg identity, such as the architect Cäsar Pinnau sketched in the 1960s with the administration building of the shipping company Hamburg Süd that shaped the cityscape. The essays of the volume thus represent test bores for this little-noticed problem in the history of architecture in the 20th century.

II.—Architectural History of St. Hugh's Choir in Lincoln Cathedral

Archaeologia ◽  
1882 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
John Henry Parker
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture

On a former occasion I traced the history of St. Hugh from his birth in his father's castle at Avalon, on the borders of Savoy, and a few miles from Grenoble, then in the kingdom of Burgundy, to his death and burial in his choir at Lincoln, then just completed, and, as he died in the year 1200, this marks an important turning-point in the history of architecture, as many authors have observed.

scholarly journals Karl Barth’s Römerbrief: A Turning Point in Protestant Theology

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim A. Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Liberal Theology ◽  
Church Mission ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Church

Karl Barth’s theology presents itself as a paradigm shift during the early part of the 20th century. As time went on, the radical nature of his theology manifested in different ways. Not only did it start out as a critique of Protestant liberal theology, but it also transformed the understanding of the church, mission and basic reformed doctrines such as election. This was met by vociferous protest, from liberal as well as more orthodox theologians. Despite all, Pope Pius XII called Barth the greatest theologian since Thomas Aquinas. This contribution reflects on the first of Barth’s major publications, his Römerbrief which first appeared in 1919. The point is made that Barth’s Römerbrief could be regarded as an important turning point in the history of Protestant theology. The context of the Römerbrief is discussed as well as some of Barth’s early theological views present in it, illustrating the radical break between Barth and the liberal theology of the Modern Era.

scholarly journals PAVILION ARCHITECTURE – A MODEL OR EPHEMERA? TOWARDS AN ELEMENTARITY OF MEANINGS

space&FORM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (44) ◽  
pp. 193-210
Author(s):  
Marcin Charciarek ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Aesthetic Idea ◽  
Architectural Space ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture

Undoubtedly, since the beginning of the 20th century, pavilion architecture has become the architect's manifesto and destroys the sense of the history of architecture, which says that architecture is subject to one aesthetic idea, forms and materials.. This paradox of the new, ‘impermanent’ paradigm is based on constant assessment and discussion in pursuit of an answer to the question about what architecture is in the present day. It may seem that some it s every answer to the originality of form, while to others, a pursuit of meanings in the simplest geometries, in the elementarity of the meanings of architectural space.

scholarly journals ARCHITECTURAL MEMORY AND FORMS OF ITS EXISTENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Olena Remizova
Keyword(s):  
Art Nouveau ◽  
Art Deco ◽  
Science Of History ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Architectural Language ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Knowledge Memory ◽  
Compositional Logic

The article attempts to highlight the traces of memory in the theory, history and practice of architecture. The subject of research is the existing forms of memory in architecture. It is traditionally accepted that the “history of architecture” as a science is the main repository of knowledge about the evolution of architecture. Facts and artifacts, descriptions of monuments and cities are retained in it. The article emphasizes that the traditional “history of architectural objects” is not the only form of memory. Another equally important and complicated aspect of the architectural memory is detected during the decoding of the evolution of project activity and its language. Analysis of the evolution of architecture allowed us to differentiate the epochs in which historical thinking prevails: the Renaissance, Romanticism, Eclecticism, Art Deco, Postmodernism. They are characterized by such ways of thinking as dialogical, historical and typological, historical and associative. They are opposed to design approaches in which abstract thinking dominates (Art Nouveau and Modernism). The article shows that the concept of architectural memory has many shades and manifests itself in a variety of different forms of professional consciousness. As historical knowledge, memory exists in such forms as: a chronological description, science of history, evolutionary studies, catalog of styles, museum, archive. In designing and its language, memory is represented in such forms as canon, dialogue with bygone era, norm, architectural fantasy, remembrance, historical association, reconstruction, restoration and others. It is shown that the most important way of storing and transferring information is the architectural language and compositional logic. Postmodern consciousness raised the problem of loss of memory and the development of architectural language and communication of culture.

scholarly journals Buddhism in Ukraine

2007 ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
Lesya Yuriyivna Kryzheshevska
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
World View ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Human Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

The end of the twentieth century is a turning point for many elements of human culture. Religious life is no exception. Thus, in the history of Ukraine, this time has become a period of radical change in existing world-view structures and ideologies, the birth of new ones and the revival of forgotten world-views. Religion has played and continues to play a significant role in this process. Under these conditions, numerous non-traditional religious trends began to emerge and take root on Ukrainian soil, one of which is Buddhism. The time of economic, political and, finally, meaningful and existent uncertainty, which has become a typical, "normal" phenomenon for Ukraine over the past 15 years, has caused among a certain number of Ukrainians to find meaningful stability in their lives and to make sense of it in the realm of unconventional denominations. Not the exception is Buddhism, which every year finds more and more of its adherents among Ukrainian citizens. About 100 Buddhist communities operate in Ukraine today, of which 43 already have official registration and legal personality.

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