scholarly journals Architetture difensive nelle valli dello Ziz e del Todhra in Marocco

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinella Arena ◽  
Paola Raffa
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Background ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Earthen Architecture ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Over Time

Defensive architecture in the Ziz and Todhra valleys in MoroccoThe earthen architecture of the Todhra and Ziz Valleys in Southern Morocco takes us back to the basic and archetypal forms of building in the Mediterranean. Architectural typology and language together form a cultural background that is strongly rooted in the territory and its inhabitants: the Berbers. The architectures, fragile and in constant decay, represent a treatise of living architecture in which the shapes, proportions and decorations are repeated over time with continuity.This research tries to verify, with data coming from direct and instrumental surveys, the quality and diffusion of the architectures that dot the valleys of the Todhra and the Ziz which, at same time, host the population and defend the most precious asset: water.  Along the valleys, united by the same language, we find: igherm, fortified citadels; tighremt, fortress houses.

scholarly journals Votive altars: domestic signals to inhabit the Sacred

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Claudio Gambardella ◽  
Valentina Sapio
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Catholic Religion ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Human World ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

“Sacred” is an Indo-European word meaning “separate”. The Sacred, therefore, [. . . is] a quality that is inherent in that which has relation and contact with powers that man, not being able to dominate, perceives as superior to himself, and as such attributable to a dimension [. . . ] thought however as ”separate” and ”other” with respect to the human world » Galimberti, (2000). The so-called votive altar, autonomous or attached to a major building often present in the Mediterranean countries, belong to the dimension of the Sacred.Votive altars - present in an old neighborhood of peasant origin in the suburbs of Naples called Ponticelli - are almost always placed in the interstices between street and courtyard (a self-built residential typology modeled over time by the inhabitants and which often forms the matrix of many neighborhoods popular Neapolitan). They keep and exhibit little sculptures and drawings of Jesus, Madonnas, and Saints of the Catholic religion, mixed with ancestors portraits and photos of relatives dead of the inhabitants, drawing on the ancient domestic cult of the Romans of Lari and Penati; it is certainly not a consciously cultured reference, but a mysterious ”feeling” that is common among primitive and popular cultures and that unravels through the centuries unscathed. Placed at the entrance of the living space, the altar expresses the sign of a difference, of a territorial change, separates ”ours” from ”yours”, welcomes, does not reject, but marks an open and inclusive threshold.With the paper, we want to study this phenomenon of ”primitive” culture and not regulated by laws, a mix of diffuse sacredness and popular magic, deepening the ”design” aspects of it, building an abacus in which to highlight potential and free references to the visual arts of these ”design works without designers”, and finding out new signs of the Sacred in the City in our time.

Are the Pre-Diffusion Phases Shortening?

2010 ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
J. R. Ortt
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Over Time

This chapter focuses on the pre-diffusion phases for high-tech products. These phases last from the first time a technology is mastered and demonstrated up to the start of the large-scale production and diffusion of products based on that technology. The purpose of this chapter is to underline the managerial relevance of the pre-diffusion phases. Two questions will be answered in particular: (1) How long do these pre-diffusion phases last for high-tech products? (2) Have these phases shortened or not over the last 150 years? Fifty-three cases of high-tech products, invented between 1837 and 1998, are investigated. The pre-diffusion phases are shown to last 16 years on average, but their length varies considerably per case. No proof for the shortening of these phases over time is found. The resources devoted to research and development in different fields of expertise may have increased but the length of the pre-diffusion phases has not shortened accordingly.

scholarly journals Family Archives in the Basque Country (1990-2018): a Specific and Integral Management Area

Atlanti ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Borja F. Aguinagalde
Keyword(s):  
Digital Images ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Common Element ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Work Program ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
Management Area ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Over Time

Family archives are a common element of the cultural-documentary heritage of all European countries. Public policies must manage programs of support, investment, recovery and diffusion of these archives, in cooperation with their owners. For 30 years, the Basque Government has been developing a program of these characteristics, to which it dedicates approximately € 450,000 each year. The elements that define this specific policy: (1) is a proactive policy, which has mapped these archives, located and identified them, and proposed a specific work program to their owners; (2) the objective is to order, describe and digitize them; (3) the archives are integrated into the website of the Archives System of the Basque Country (4 million digital images, 700,000 descriptions and 5.5 million sacramental records). This policy of promotion and investment, which is sustained over time, has been a success.

scholarly journals A multi-sectoral version of the Post-Keynesian growth model

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Azevedo Araujo ◽  
Joanílio Rodolpho Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Natural Rate ◽  
Productivity Increase ◽  
Rate Of Profit ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Over Time

Abstract With this inquiry, we seek to develop a disaggregated version of the post-Keynesian approach to economic growth, by showing that indeed it can be treated as a particular case of the Pasinettian model of structural change and economic expansion. By relying upon vertical integration it becomes possible to carry out the analysis initiated by Kaldor (1956) and Robinson (1956, 1962), and followed by Dutt (1984), Rowthorn (1982) and later Bhaduri and Marglin (1990) in a multi-sectoral model in which demand and productivity increase at different paces in each sector. By adopting this approach it is possible to show that the structural economic dynamics is conditioned not only to patterns of evolving demand and diffusion of technological progress but also to the distributive features of the economy, which can give rise to different regimes of economic growth. Besides, we find it possible to determine the natural rate of profit that makes the mark-up rate to be constant over time.

Grotesque

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rune Graulund
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Art And Literature ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Grotesque

Defining the grotesque in a concise and objective manner is notoriously difficult. When researching the term for his classic study On the Grotesque: Strategies of Contradiction in Art and Literature (1982), Geoffrey Galt Harpham observed that the grotesque is hard to pin down because it is defined as being in opposition to something rather than possessing any defining quality in and of itself. Any attempt to identify specific grotesque characteristics outside of a specific context is therefore challenging for two reasons. First, because the grotesque is that which transgresses and challenges what is considered normal, bounded, and stable, meaning that one of the few universal and fundamental qualities of the grotesque is that it is abnormal, unbounded, and unstable. Second, since even the most rigid norms and boundaries shift over time, that which is defined in terms of opposition and transgression will naturally change as well, meaning that the term grotesque meant very different things in different historical eras. For instance, as Olli Lagerspetz points out in A Philosophy of Dust (2018), while 16th-century aristocrats in France may routinely have received guests while sitting on their night stools, similar behavior exhibited today would surely be interpreted not only as out of the ordinary, but as grotesque. Likewise, perceptions of the normal and the abnormal vary widely even within the same time period, depending on one’s class, gender, race, profession, sexual orientation, cultural background, and so on.

Estimations of unrecorded alcohol consumption levels and trends in 14 European countries

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 54-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkan Leifman
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
General Population ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
General Population Survey ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Over Time

Håkan Leifman: Estimations of unrecorded alcohol consumption levels and trends in 14 European countries Aims: To map the extent of unrecorded alcohol consumption in the countries within the EU, including point estimates of the quantity of unrecorded consumption and the development over time. Data and method: The countries under investigation are 13 EU countries (Greece and Luxembourg excluded) and Norway. The study makes use of data collected earlier – mainly survey data – and of a recently completed general population survey directed to random samples of the general population aged 18–64 in six EU member states. An indirect method was used to assess the development of unrecorded consumption over time in each country by estimating the discrepancy between the observed development of alcohol-related mortality and the development that would be expected from changes in recorded consumption only. Findings: The unrecorded consumption is highest in the northern European countries, and has increased from about 1 litre in the 1980s to 2 litres per adult in the second half of the 1990s. The UK, too, shows clear signs of increased unrecorded alcohol consumption as of the mid-1980s. In the remaining countries, the changes in unrecorded alcohol appear to have been more modest over time. The quantities of unrecorded consumption in the Mediterranean countries in the 1990s are roughly estimated at 1 litre pure alcohol per adult and show no signs of increases over time. The general population survey indicated low quantities of personal imports of alcohol in Southern Europe (France and Italy) – one decilitre in France, less than half a decilitre in Italy – compared to about 1 litre or more in Finland, Sweden and the UK. Conclusions: The downward trend in recorded consumption in the Mediterranean countries for the past 20–30 years is most likely a real decrease in alcohol consumption: the large drop in recorded alcohol consumption in these countries has not been accompanied by increases in unrecorded consumption. When the total consumption (recorded plus unrecorded) is taken into account, and not just the recorded alcohol, the higher unrecorded consumption in the “low-consuming” countries would appear slightly to narrow down the differences between the countries. However, despite differences in unrecorded alcohol, the relative position between the countries in their total consumption in the mid-1990s remains to a large extent unchanged.

scholarly journals Typifying Guinea Pig (Cavia Porcellus) Farmers in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas in Central and Southern Côte d'lvoire

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
N'Goran David Vincent Kouakou ◽  
Niko Speybroeck ◽  
Nogbou Emmanuel Assidjo ◽  
Jean-François Grongnet ◽  
Eric Thys
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Cavia Porcellus ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Socioeconomic Profile ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Over Time

Guinea pig production is practised by all strata of society in Côte d'Ivoire, without regard to gender, age, religion, instruction level or community. It is essentially a source of income, but socioeconomic and cultural background significantly influence the approach to guinea pig production. Adult owners use animals as a source of income. Children eat a significant part of the production themselves. Adolescents progress from consumption to marketing. This preliminary study opens the way for future work that could measure changes over time in the socioeconomic profile of guinea pig farmers and the attitude of the population towards guinea pig breeding.

How Materiality Enables and Constrains Framing Practices: Affordances of a Rheumatology E-Service

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Essén ◽  
Sara Winterstorm Värlander
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Collective Action Frames ◽  
Data Content ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Material Artifacts ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Over Time

Framing has been presented as a way for micro-level actors to change and diffuse innovations. However, most framing studies have given primacy to language, whereas the role of material artifacts has been largely ignored. The aim of this study is to conceptualize and illustrate how the materiality of technology enables and constrains framing practices. We use empirical data about the development and diffusion of an e-service in the Swedish rheumatology setting from 2000 to 2014. Our results show how three different material features of the technology (data content, user rights, and system integration) initially afforded two different framings of the technology: normalizing and radicalizing framings. The material features, however, lost their ability to afford radicalizing framings over time, along with changes in the collective-action frames governing the field studied.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF WIND ON CURRENTS AND DIFFUSION IN COASTAL SEA AREAS

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
B. Quetin
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Turbulent Diffusion ◽  
Turbulent Viscosity ◽  
Viscosity Coefficient ◽  
Classic Theory ◽  
Coastal Sea ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
And Diffusion

The calculation of turbulent flow using Navier's equations assumes the introduction of a turbulent viscosity coefficient the value of which is normally constant, conforming with Boussinesq's hypothesis. It was shown that setting aside this hypothesis, a velocity profile quite different to that resulting from the classic theory is obtained in the case of flow induced by wind. This result appears to be confirmed by the tests carried out in the Mediterranean. The advantage of this method is that it gives the vertical turbulent diffusion which is of particular interest to pollution studies.

scholarly journals Coinage of the Cilician Cities as a Mirror of Historical and Cultural Changes (V c. BCE – III c. CE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 113-135
Author(s):  
Edward Dąbrowa
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Taurus Mountains ◽  
Religious Influences ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Over Time

In antiquity Cilicia was a small but important area. The geographical setting, between the Taurus Mountains, the Mediterranean Sea and Anatolia, and the fact that territory of Cilicia was crossed by several routes connecting Anatolia with the Mediterranean sea shore and Syria determined its strategic significance. The geography of the area held importance for its cultural development as well. The northern part of Cilicia, Cilicia Aspera, was mountainous, sparsely populated and poorly urbanized; cities were few and located mainly on the seashore. The southern part, Cilicia Pedias, was much more prosperous and intensively urbanized. Its location made it a bridge for various cultural and religious influences coming from neighboring countries, but also an object of their expansion. Both parts of Cilicia experienced governance of many powers: Achaemenid Persia, local rulers, Hellenistic kings, and the Romans. Each of them left own political and cultural imprint on the area. Effects of this cultural mixture are clearly visible in archaeological excavations and in many types of artefacts. Another type of evidence which reflects the complicated past of Cilicia is also available: numismatic evidence. There are a few Cilician cities in which coins were minted from the Achaemenid times to the Roman Empire. This paper attempts to look into the iconography of their coinage and analyze political and religious symbols and their subjects of depiction. The aim is to find out how specific powers ruling over cities influenced local traditions, what were the remnants of those, and how they eventually evolved over time.

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