scholarly journals About Students’ Abstractions - Evaluation of Items Requiring Abstract Thinking Competence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Zehetmeier
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Object Oriented Programming ◽  
Abstract Thinking ◽  
Competence Model ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Competence Level ◽  
University Level ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Incoming Students

Abstract thinking is one of the most important competences in computer science. When starting my research, there was no complete definition of the competence nor was there a tool to assess first-semester students’ competence level. Thus, I developed a competence model of abstract thinking, which allowed me to derive an assessment tool. In this work, I will present first insights gained by analyzing the tests of 134 incoming students of computer science and scientific computing. The analysis confirms the assumption that incoming students often lack in this essential competence. Moreover, the overemphasis of the data aspect of classes in object oriented programming can be confirmed for university level education. Further investigations will follow. In the future, the insights gained can be used to develop teaching units or whole teaching concepts. 

Abstraction

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Stephen K. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Abstract Thinking ◽  
John Von Neumann ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Mind

The power of abstract thinking is captured by the brilliance of John von Neumann who made many contributions to mathematics, computer science, and game theory. One definition of abstraction is that an instance exists only in the mind (the word truth) rather than in the environment (the word car). An advantage of the latter, concrete examples is they support the formation of visual images to aid recall. A second definition of abstraction is a focus on the most important attributes of an instance. These attributes include those that differentiate one object from another or one category from another. A third definition of abstraction is that an abstract idea applies to many particular instances of a category. Prototypes, rules, and schema are examples.

scholarly journals Object orientation in the literature and in education

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Marc Berges
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Computer Science Education ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Object Orientation ◽  
Object Oriented Programming ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Learning Programming

Abstract The efforts around the world – CS4All in the U.S. or Computing At School in Great Britain – show that computing literacy is seen as important. One important part of computer science education deals with learning programming. So, object orientation should be in focus. But what is object orientation? Several different definitions are presented, and a definition of object orientation by its fundamental concepts is introduced. Furthermore, several educational “paradigms” are discussed. Additionally, a choice of object-oriented programming languages is presented. After all that theoretical background, some exemplary implementations of object orientation in national (German) and international curricula are shown. All in all, the article provides a broad overview of the topic of object-oriented programming in computer science education.

ABOUT THE PROBLEM OF CLASSIFICATION OF THE CONCEPTS OF INFORMATICS STUDIED AT SECONDARY SCHOOL

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
S. I. Zenko
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Definition Of

The article raises the problem of classification of the concepts of computer science and informatics studied at secondary school. The efficiency of creation of techniques of training of pupils in these concepts depends on its solution. The author proposes to consider classifications of the concepts of school informatics from four positions: on the cross-subject basis, the content lines of the educational subject "Informatics", the logical and structural interrelations and interactions of the studied concepts, the etymology of foreign-language and translated words in the definition of the concepts of informatics. As a result of the first classification general and special concepts are allocated; the second classification — inter-content and intra-content concepts; the third classification — stable (steady), expanding, key and auxiliary concepts; the fourth classification — concepts-nouns, conceptsverbs, concepts-adjectives and concepts — combinations of parts of speech.

Creating and Capturing Value through Crowdsourcing

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Systems Biology ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk

Examples of the value that can be created and captured through crowdsourcing go back to at least 1714, when the UK used crowdsourcing to solve the Longitude Problem, obtaining a solution that would enable the UK to become the dominant maritime force of its time. Today, Wikipedia uses crowds to provide entries for the world’s largest and free encyclopedia. Partly fueled by the value that can be created and captured through crowdsourcing, interest in researching the phenomenon has been remarkable. For example, the Best Paper Awards in 2012 for a record-setting three journals—the Academy of Management Review, Journal of Product Innovation Management, and Academy of Management Perspectives—were about crowdsourcing. In spite of the interest in crowdsourcing—or perhaps because of it—research on the phenomenon has been conducted in different research silos within the fields of management (from strategy to finance to operations to information systems), biology, communications, computer science, economics, political science, among others. In these silos, crowdsourcing takes names such as broadcast search, innovation tournaments, crowdfunding, community innovation, distributed innovation, collective intelligence, open source, crowdpower, and even open innovation. The book aims to assemble papers from as many of these silos as possible since the ultimate potential of crowdsourcing research is likely to be attained only by bridging them. The papers provide a systematic overview of the research on crowdsourcing from different fields based on a more encompassing definition of the concept, its difference for innovation, and its value for both the private and public sectors.

scholarly journals Clinical Evidence in the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea with Oral Appliances: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Andrea Rossi ◽  
Antonino Lo Giudice ◽  
Camilla Di Pardo ◽  
Alberto Teodoro Valentini ◽  
Francesca Marradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Appliances ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Definition Of

Background. Recent clinical guidelines have extended indications for oral appliances to subjects affected by moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The aim of this systematic review covering this important issue for public health is twofold: updating and summarizing the best available scientific evidence by selecting RCTs of quality only, and identifying the therapeutic pathways that can be transferred to the current clinical practice. Methods. All the abstracts which were published before February 18, 2019, have been identified in three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane). The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias was used as an assessment tool in order to evaluate the quality of the selected studies. Results. The search strategy yielded 2,260 studies. After removing duplicates and studies that did not comply with the inclusion criteria, 32 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 17 RCTs were finally included in the qualitative synthesis. The 17 selected studies were very heterogeneous in the type of included RCTs in terms of patient inclusion criteria, sample size, distribution of the two genders in the various groups, duration of treatment, and definition of primary and secondary outcomes, without any restriction on the definition of the control group. A common finding was the positive responsiveness of oral appliance treatment in subjects affected by mild-to-moderate OSA with some evidence for cases of severe OSA. Conclusion. Higher-quality studies are needed in order to provide additional useful guidelines for dental clinicians for OSA management.

scholarly journals Computational Completeness of Interaction Machines and Turing Machines

10.29007/39jj ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wegner ◽  
Eugene Eberbach ◽  
Mark Burgin
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Complete Theory ◽  
Simple Computation ◽  
Turing Machines ◽  
Complete Model ◽  
Models Of Computation ◽  
Computational Completeness ◽  
Definition Of

In the paper we prove in a new and simple way that Interactionmachines are more powerful than Turing machines. To do thatwe extend the definition of Interaction machines to multiple interactivecomponents, where each component may perform simple computation.The emerging expressiveness is due to the power of interaction and allowsto accept languages not accepted by Turing machines. The mainresult that Interaction machines can accept arbitrary languages over agiven alphabet sheds a new light to the power of interaction. Despite ofthat we do not claim that Interaction machines are complete. We claimthat a complete theory of computer science cannot exist and especially,Turing machines or Interaction machines cannot be a complete model ofcomputation. However complete models of computation may and shouldbe approximated indefinitely and our contribution presents one of suchattempts.

scholarly journals INCREASING STUDENT AWARENESS OF PROFESSIONALISM USING THE PROFESSIONALISM ASSESSMENT TOOL (PAT) IN A SENIOR UNDERGRADUATE ENGINEERING DESIGN COURSE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Mehltretter ◽  
Andrea Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Professional Behaviour ◽  
Soft Skill ◽  
Student Ownership ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Course Material ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Survey Responses

The Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board’s definition of professionalism, one of twelve graduate attributes, does not mention professional behaviour, but rather focuses on understanding the role of engineers in society. While difficult to define, challenging to teach, and even harder to assess, the engineering faculty at the University of Guelph felt professional behaviour was an important element of professionalism to consider in their curriculum.  This study investigates how professional behaviour might be taught and assessed. The researchers developed course material on professional behaviour for the winter 2019 offering of a third-year multidisciplinary design course (369 students), using Kelley et al.’s (2011) Professionalism Assessment Tool (PAT). Using a quasi-experimental design, the researchers assessed whether student professionalism improved based on their change in PAT scores over the semester using a Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. They also analyzed a sample of student final reflections on professional behaviour. Student PAT scores increased significantly over the semester (n = 340, p<0.05), but the effect sizes observed, using Cohen’s d, were small (0.14 to 0.29). The student reflections (n = 53) suggest that improvements to their professionalism were a result of working in a team, experience gained from their project, and individual efforts made to behave professionally.  While infrequently discussed in the reflections, over half of the post-term survey responses revealed that students felt the lab activities helped improve their professional skills generally, and/or increased their awareness of these skills. The improved awareness aspect of student professionalism was an unexpected, but important outcome of the PAT-based course material and may have reinforced student ownership of their soft skill development.  

Object-Oriented Programming in Computer Science

2018 ◽  
pp. 7470-7480
Author(s):  
Rahime Yilmaz ◽  
Anil Sezgin ◽  
Sefer Kurnaz ◽  
Yunus Ziya Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Electronic Circuit ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Object Oriented Programming ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
Programming System ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Application Programming

A program is composed of commands, which runs within a computer or an electronic circuit. Programming is a mathematical methodology to write a program and to encode the algorithm into a notation. It can be classified into two groups such as system and application programming. System programming is a branch of the general programming that is composed of low level instructions which are used to operate and handle computer hardware. Application programming is considered as the improved version of the computer programs which can perform specific tasks. One of the application programming types is the object-oriented programming (OOP) which is about how information is represented in human mind. OOP is useful to provide easy modeling in design and developing real entities. This approach is aimed to model the entities and the relationships existing between them. OOP enables to define the required classes to create the objects and to apply modifications on them. The inherent properties of OOP are modularity, extensibility and reusability. This chapter provides a substantial survey of OOP.

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