scholarly journals A bit closer to the past: the three-dimensionalization of an Inca ceremony in the north Calchaquí Valley (Salta, Argentina)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (25) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Alejandro Andrés Ferrari ◽  
Joaquín Ignacio Izaguirre ◽  
Félix Alejandro Acuto
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Inca Empire ◽  
The One ◽  
New Variables

<p>Like other expansive polities, the expansion of the Inca empire across the highlands and lowlands of South America is not only a history of trade and warfare, but also of mesmerizing public performances that yielded new and memorable experiences. During highly ritualized public celebratory events, the local polities gained first-hand access to the imperial liturgy, which was vital to promote and legitimate the Inca cosmology across the newly acquired lands. Especially in the last 20 years, new technologies, an ever-growing corpus of archaeological data, as well as increasing hardware capacity and software development, make it possible to emulate the scenes that people got to witness during the Inca public events, at a home computer scale and without complex and expensive equipment. Furthermore, it prompts us to test and apply new tools and academic dissemination techniques, perhaps more suitable to current technologies and means of knowledge storage and circulation. This article presents the process of building a three-dimensional (3D) model that, on the one hand, combines historical, ethnographic, and archaeological data with Geographic Information System (GIS) datasets; on the other hand, it uses detailed architectural analysis and astronomical measurements. The objective is to yield renders that accurately display the atmospheric and lighting conditions prevailing when the site was inhabited. We will offer a detailed description of all methods, techniques, equipment, and software used to create the model and the parameters for rendering the images. The authors intend to exemplify how 3D modelling goes well beyond the 3D model as a product in itself; it becomes a fundamental tool that encouraged us to test new variables and discuss new interpretations about this settlement. Results indicate that its builders designed these settlement's Inca compounds to show off the imperial capabilities and constructive proficiency, to convey exceptional, memorable experiences to its residents and visitors, and to stage explicit links between the imperial representatives and some fundamental procreative components of the Andean cosmos. In doing so, Guitián's plaza served to stage and communicate the privileged role the imperial representatives claimed to have in a broader cosmological scheme.</p><p>Highlights:</p><ul><li><p>Inca public performances were finely choreographed so that objects, places, people, landscape, and skyscape features interacted according to the main principles of imperial cosmology.</p></li><li><p>Current mid-range hardware and specialized yet reasonably user-friendly software are suitable to create accurate three-dimensional (3D) models combining historical, archaeological, and astronomical data.</p></li><li><p>Creating such a detailed 3D model contributes to cultural heritage and academic dissemination and prompted us to revise and broaden our interpretations.</p></li></ul>

scholarly journals Heritage Artefacts in the COVID-19 Era: The Aura and Authenticity of 3D Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 519-539
Author(s):  
Thiago Minete Cardozo ◽  
Costas Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
The One ◽  
Digital Engagement

Abstract Museums have been increasingly investing in their digital presence. This became more pressing during the COVID-19 pandemic since heritage institutions had, on the one hand, to temporarily close their doors to visitors while, on the other, find ways to communicate their collections to the public. Virtual tours, revamped websites, and 3D models of cultural artefacts were only a few of the means that museums devised to create alternative ways of digital engagement and counteract the physical and social distancing measures. Although 3D models and collections provide novel ways to interact, visualise, and comprehend the materiality and sensoriality of physical objects, their mediation in digital forms misses essential elements that contribute to (virtual) visitor/user experience. This article explores three-dimensional digitisations of museum artefacts, particularly problematising their aura and authenticity in comparison to their physical counterparts. Building on several studies that have problematised these two concepts, this article establishes an exploratory framework aimed at evaluating the experience of aura and authenticity in 3D digitisations. This exploration allowed us to conclude that even though some aspects of aura and authenticity are intrinsically related to the physicality and materiality of the original, 3D models can still manifest aura and authenticity, as long as a series of parameters, including multimodal contextualisation, interactivity, and affective experiences are facilitated.

Digital Tools Aimed to Represent Urban Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1181-1195
Author(s):  
Cristina Boido ◽  
Pia Davico ◽  
Roberta Spallone
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Real Data ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Urban Modeling ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Web Resources ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
The Sixties

Since the affirmation, in the Sixties, of urban survey as a discipline in the field of drawing disciplines, it aimed to represent on a plan a set of three-dimensional data. Digital revolution allows representing urban tissues by 3D models that can collect a lot of information related to the buildings, becoming real data base. Today, these models fulfill the need for update representations of urban settings, aimed both to critical studies on historical city and to manage the ongoing transformations. Moreover, these representations could become the urban scenarios for simulations and checks of master plans and architectural designs in their relationships with the built environment. Several new tools of urban procedural modeling, BIM modeling and web resources allow generating urban 3D models. The authors of this proposal will compare the knowledge and informative capabilities of different new technologies for urban modeling, through an overview of international researches, case studies, and also some experiences personally conducted.

Effect of 3D Manipulatives on Students with Visual Impairments Who Are Learning Chemistry Constructs: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-381
Author(s):  
Derrick W. Smith ◽  
Sandra A. Lampley ◽  
Bob Dolan ◽  
Greg Williams ◽  
David Schleppenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Education ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Atomic Orbital ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Tactile Graphics

Introduction: The emerging technology of three-dimensional (3D) printing has the potential to provide unique 3D modeling to support specific content in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, particularly chemistry. Method: Seventeen ( n = 17) students with visual impairments were provided direct instruction on chemistry atomic orbital content and allowed to use either print or tactile graphics or 3D models in rotating order. Participants were asked specific content questions based upon the atomic orbitals. Results: The students were asked two sets of comprehension questions: general and specific. Overall, students’ responses for general questions increased per iteration regardless of which manipulative was used. For specific questions, the students answered more questions correctly when using the 3D model regardless of order. When asked about their perceptions toward the manipulatives, the students preferred the 3D model over print or tactile graphics. Discussion: The findings show the potential for 3D printed materials in learning complex STEM content. Although the students preferred the 3D models, they all mentioned that a combination of manipulatives helped them better understand the material. Implications for practitioners: Practitioners should consider the use of manipulatives that include 3D printed materials to support STEM education.

Models partition for 3D printing objects using skeleton

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Jiang ◽  
Xiaosheng Cheng ◽  
Qingjin Peng ◽  
Luming Liang ◽  
Ning Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Sweep Method ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Minima Rule ◽  
The Greedy Algorithm

Purpose It is a challenge to print a model with the size that is larger than the working volume of a three-dimensional (3D) printer. The purpose of this paper is to present a feasible approach to divide a large model into small printing parts to fit the volume of a printer and then assemble these parts into the final model. Design/methodology/approach The proposed approach is based on the skeletonization and the minima rule. The skeleton of a printing model is first extracted using the mesh contraction and the principal component analysis. The 3D model is then partitioned preliminarily into many smaller parts using the space sweep method and the minima rule. The preliminary partition is finally optimized using the greedy algorithm. Findings The skeleton of a 3D model can effectively represent a simplified version of the geometry of the 3D model. Using a model’s skeleton to partition the model is an efficient way. As it is generally desirable to have segmentations at concave creases and seams, the cutting position should be located in the concave region. The proposed approach can partition large models effectively to well retain the integrity of meaningful parts. Originality/value The proposed approach is new in the rapid prototyping field using the model skeletonization and the minima rule. Based on the authors’ knowledge, there is no method that concerns the integrity of meaningful parts for partitioning. The proposed method can achieve satisfactory results by the integrity of meaningful parts and assemblability for most 3D models.

METHDOS OF EFFECTIVE DESIGN FOR CREATING OF PARAMETRIC 3D-MODELS OF PRODUCTS USING THE INTERNAL CAPABILITIES OF CAD-PROGRAMS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Petrakova
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Internal Capabilities ◽  
Program Components ◽  
Effective Design

It is known that the development of a three-dimensional parametric model is a creative process, since the same 3D-model can be built in various ways. In the article the methods for effective design of parametric 3D-models with the help of internal capabilities of CAD-program without the use of programming languages (macros) is developed. Using the methods and recommendations discussed in the article on the example of Autodesk Inventor functionality will allow the engineer to design parametric three-dimensional products in CAD-programs in the most rational way, reducing the number of errors. Recommendations for effective control of 3D-model parameters during creating of Assembly parts and 2D-drawings are given. Using the functionality discussed in the article will be useful for engineers using parametric modeling methods to create typical products, optimization and analysis of structures, development of their own database of standard products that are not in the library of CAD-program components.

scholarly journals SHARING ON WEB 3D MODELS OF ANCIENT THEATRES. A METHODOLOGICAL WORKFLOW

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B2 ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Scianna ◽  
M. La Guardia ◽  
M. L. Scaduto
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Web 3D ◽  
The One ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Geospatial Web Services ◽  
The Web

In the last few years, the need to share on the Web the knowledge of Cultural Heritage (CH) through navigable 3D models has increased. This need requires the availability of Web-based virtual reality systems and 3D WEBGIS. In order to make the information available to all stakeholders, these instruments should be powerful and at the same time very user-friendly. However, research and experiments carried out so far show that a standardized methodology doesn’t exist. All this is due both to complexity and dimensions of geometric models to be published, on the one hand, and to excessive costs of hardware and software tools, on the other. In light of this background, the paper describes a methodological approach for creating 3D models of CH, freely exportable on the Web, based on HTML5 and free and open source software. HTML5, supporting the WebGL standard, allows the exploration of 3D spatial models using most used Web browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer. The methodological workflow here described has been tested for the construction of a multimedia geo-spatial platform developed for three-dimensional exploration and documentation of the ancient theatres of Segesta and of Carthage, and the surrounding landscapes. The experimental application has allowed us to explore the potential and limitations of sharing on the Web of 3D CH models based on WebGL standard. Sharing capabilities could be extended defining suitable geospatial Web-services based on capabilities of HTML5 and WebGL technology.

scholarly journals Principles of Three-Dimensional Computer Design for Understanding Impossible Figures

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Tihomir Dovramadjiev
Keyword(s):  
Open Source Software ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Computer Design ◽  
3D Design ◽  
3D Geometry ◽  
Technological Means ◽  
The One ◽  
Impossible Figures

For a better understanding of the impossible figures, it is advisable to use modern technological means by which the design of the geometry of the models gives a complete understanding of how they are made. Computer-aided 3D design completely solves this problem. That is, on the one hand, the ultimate visual variant of impossible figures is created, on the other hand, there is the possibility for real manipulation, movement, rotation and other models of space. In this study, 3D models of impossible figures are fully constructed, which are applied in the educational process in order to develop logical thinking. The steps of creating 3D geometry using open source software Blender 3D are described in details.

scholarly journals Influence of Geometric Features Associativity of CAD Class Models on the Process of Their Updating – Comparative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Świaczny
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Initial Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Class Models ◽  
Positive Effect

This article deals with the topic of one of the most important features of modern CAx class systems – associativity. The term refers to the ability to form relations (links) between two or more objects (in terms of their selected features), and with the consequence creating an associative (linked) three-dimensional model. The author pays special attention to the very process of creating relations between objects, as it has a key impact on the structural stability of CAD class models, and thus on their susceptibility to possible modifications. To show that not all associativity brings a positive effect, the author presents two examples of its implementation. In order to emphasize the influence of the method of linking individual elements, both examples are based on the same 3D model – a thin-walled part with a positioning pin. That means the geometric form of the default part is the same, whereas only relations of the individual objects of the 3D model change. In the first scenario, correctly defined relations between objects make that the positioning pin offset does not affect the initial design conditions. The second scenario shows an incorrect implementation of associativity, as a result of which the same operation of positioning pin offset gives non-compliance with the initial design conditions and with the consequence an undesirable change in its geometry. The article is an attempt to draw attention to the fact that the associative structure of 3D models is not always equal to the optimal solution. Only the well-thought-out nature of associativity allows to use all its advantages.

scholarly journals Digitalización y visualización 3D de cerámica arqueológica

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Martínez Carrillo ◽  
Arturo Ruiz Rodríguez ◽  
Miguel Ángel Rubio Paramio
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
3D Model ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Documentation System ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Archaeological Pottery ◽  
Manufacture Process ◽  
Reference Collection

<p>The documentation system of the archaeological material has development in the last years thanks to the application of new technologies. These innovations have been quite useful in the field of the documentation, analysis and visualization of the archaeological artefacts.</p><p>In this article a methodology for the achievement of 3D model of archaeological pottery is exposed. This methodology fits within the CATA project (Archaeological Wheel Pottery of Andalusia in its acronyms in Spanish). The main objective of the project is the implementation of a database which is accessible by Internet, containing assorted information about pottery vessels and fragments found in Andalusia in different periods. This reference collection contains information concerning not only the manufacture process, the description of the surface treatment, or the context of finding of the ceramics, but also 3D models that allows a better knowledge of the vessel.</p>

scholarly journals Implantación territorial y análisis arquitectónico de los búnkeres del Subsector IV del estrecho de Gibraltar (Conil, Vejer y Barbate)

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Atanasio-Guisado ◽  
Juan Francisco Molina-Rozalem
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Strait Of Gibraltar ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
North Bank ◽  
The One ◽  
The Military ◽  
Coastal Strip

Territorial implantation and architectural analysis of the bunkers on Subsector IV, Strait of Gibraltar (Conil, Vejer and Barbate)The fortified system executed on the north bank of the Strait of Gibraltar from 1939 pursued two objectives: an offensive one, for which coastal batteries and lighting projectors were installed; and a defensive one, for which around four hundred reinforced concrete bunkers were built for machine guns and / or anti-tank guns along the coastal strip that runs from San Roque to Conil de la Frontera. According to the military archive documentation, the device for the defense of the land front and against landings on the coast was organized into four subsectors, designated with roman numerals from east to west. Subsector IV, the westernmost, extends from Barbate to Conil, through Vejer de la Frontera. Divided into two resistance centers, it is the one that contained the lowest density of positions, with a total of twenty-seven pillboxes. This communication has a double purpose. On the one hand, deepen the territorial implantation of the bunker network of Subsector IV, to understand that is fundamental the systemic conception between them and between them and the whole set of bunkers. Secondly, to carry out an individual and specific architectural analysis of each one of the works, focusing on the constructive characteristics and the existence of possible typological relationships.

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