Genetics and Aggressive Periodontal Disease: An Update Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepika Bali ◽  
Nymphea Pandit ◽  
Rouble Kathuria ◽  
Amit Bali
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Factors ◽  
Progression Of Disease

ABSTRACT Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition of supporting tissues of teeth, for which several risk and susceptibility factors are proposed. Periodontal disease results when balance between host factors and etiologic agents is disrupted. Bacteria have a primary role in the initiation of periodontal disease, and a range of host related factors influence the clinical presentation and rate of progression of disease. Genetic variations that modify immunological reactions identify the disease susceptibility in various individuals. Many studies have proved the effect of various single or composite nucleotide polymorphisms to susceptibility, progression or severity of periodontal diseases. Despite these studies, association between periodontal disease and candidate genes is still not clear. The reports of familial nature of chronic periodontitis are less frequent as compared to aggressive periodontitis. The striking familial aggregation of trait in aggressive periodontitis is consistent with significant genetic etiology. In this paper, an attempt has been made to summarize recent views on various genes involved in the pathogenesis and progression of aggressive periodontal disease. Data were identified by searches of the Medline, and Pubmed. Articles published in English were selected, and most up-to-date or relevant references were chosen.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factors) in periodontal tissues of healthy, chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients: an immunohistochemical study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 784-788
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Inflammatory Status

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascularized supporting tissues of the teeth. Angiogenesis (neovascularization) is the budding of new capillaries and is thought to be an essential process in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Inflamed tissues (such as gingiva coincident in periodontal disease) have evidence of enhanced expression of inflammatory mediators, many of which can promote angiogenesis. Of the various cytokines and growth factors that are involved in angiogenesis, the most potent agent that acts specifically on vascular epithelium is Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Even though angiogenesis is a prominent feature of both inflammation and healing, information about its role in periodontal lesions is limited. Hence the aim of the present study was the immunohistochemical evaluation of the expression of VEGF in the gingival tissues of chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients compared to the healthy controls. The present study was carried out in a total of 45 subjects with age range of 18-55 years, reporting to the Department of Periodontology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore. Gingival tissue samples were collected from all the 45 subjects and categorized into three groups based on their clinical findings as follows: Group 1 (Healthy), Group II (Chronic Periodontitis), Group III (Aggressive Periodontitis). Following sample collection, immunohistochemical staining of tissues was carried out and evaluation was done to compare the grades of expression of VEGF in the three groups. The expression of VEGF in blood vessels was also quantitatively evaluated. The results were statistically analyzed using Kruskal Wallis ANOVA and Mann Whitney test. There was a statistically significant higher expression of VEGF in both chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis group as compared to the control group. Aggressive periodontitis cases showed higher grades of expression of VEGF compared to the chronic periodontitis cases and healthy controls. However, the difference in expression of VEGF was not statistically significant between the two forms of periodontitis. The presence of VEGF in both chronic and aggressive periodontitis clearly indicates the potent role played by VEGF as an inflammatory agent in the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. Thus, VEGF might be used as a potential vascular marker for the assessment of severity and inflammatory status in periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Microbiological basis for periodontal therapy

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Feres ◽  
Sheila Cavalca Cortelli ◽  
Luciene Cristina Figueiredo ◽  
Anne D. Haffajee ◽  
Sigmund S. Socransky
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Progression Of Disease ◽  
Plaque Control ◽  
Medical Bacteriology

The search for the etiologic agents of periodontal diseases started in the Golden Era of medical bacteriology, when the etiologic agents of many bacterial infections were isolated and characterized. After the initial enthusiasm in establishing the infectious nature and the true agents of periodontal diseases, this concept was virtually ignored for the next four decades. Until the early 1970s treatment regimens based on the non-specific plaque hypothesis were directed towards a non-specific reduction in plaque amount. Later, the specific plaque hypothesis established the role of some microorganisms such as A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, T. denticola, P. intermedia and F. nucleatum in different forms of periodontal diseases. It was recently suggested that these suspected periodontal pathogens seem to not act alone and interactions between species, especially the balance between pathogenic and beneficial species affect both progression of disease and response of tissues to periodontal therapy. Nowadays it is well established that one of the goals of therapy is to control such periodontal pathogens. Among the most commonly used therapies to treat periodontal infections are scaling and root planing (SRP), supragingival plaque control and periodontal surgeries. Many studies confirmed the reduction of "red complex" species by SRP, and apically repositioned flap can lead to an additional beneficial effect in the subgingival microbiota by decreasing levels of "red" and "orange complexes" species. Furthermore, the level of plaque control maintained by the patients has been considered a crucial step in preventing recurrence of destructive periodontitis.

Restorative dentistry 1: periodontology

2020 ◽  
pp. 173-224
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Anaesthetic Techniques ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Mucogingival Surgery ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Flap Design ◽  
Recent Classification ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Suturing Techniques

This chapter covers the fundamentals of the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of periodontal disease, alongside the most recent classification system. The epidemiology of periodontal disease is discussed before the key aspects of clinical examination are explained. The relevance and implications of plaque and calculus are detailed including their composition and pathological effects. The chapter includes the clinical features of periodontal diseases, including aggressive periodontitis, necrotizing periodontal diseases, and periodontal abscesses, as well as periodontitis associated with endodontic lesions. The principles of periodontal surgery are described, covering local anaesthetic techniques, flap design, and suturing techniques, as well as regenerative techniques and mucogingival surgery.

scholarly journals Aggressive Periodontitis: A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Baljeet Singh ◽  
Avnika Garg ◽  
Rahul Garg
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Factors ◽  
Younger Age

AbstractAggressive periodontitis, which encompasses a number of clinical entities, probably results from the mobilization of tissue's destructive mechanisms which are common to most forms of periodontal diseases. The unique attributes of the disease process are due to the virulence of the pathogens and the host susceptibility may be due to the heritable or acquired susceptibility factors, which permit expression of periodontitis at a relatively younger age.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Periodontal Destruction and Putative Periodontal Pathogens in the Same Lebanese Family

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 970-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoubeida Al Yahfoufi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Exact Methods ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Periodontal Bacteria ◽  
Informed Consent Form ◽  
Periodontal Destruction

ABSTRACT Aim Periodontal diseases are associated with microorganisms rich in Gram-negative species. Several studies have indicated the presence of few a periodontopathic microorganisms in the same family. A parent with severe adult periodontitis, who is infected with bacteria associated with periodontal disease, may function as a source of infection. Their children may be at a greater risk to become colonized with bacteria. The purpose of this investigation was (1) to explore the presence of three bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), Prevotella intermedia (PI), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA) in the same Lebanese family and (2) to study the clinical destruction in the same family and their relations as members of this family due to the presence of PG. Materials and methods A total of 10 families were screened; only 5 (13 females and 5 males) were selected for this study, and at least one member of the family had untreated periodontal disease, chronic or aggressive. Every participant signed an informed consent form. A total of 18 available deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples were taken to analyze the presence of three periodontal bacteria. Statistics Multiple logistic regression was used for the exact methods. Results All 18 patients showed a positive result for PI. Also, PG. was recognized in 15 patients while AA was not detected in any of the subjects. All couples suffered from periodontitis, chronic or aggressive forms, five children suffered from gingivitis, three children had no clinical manifestation, and only one suffered from localized aggressive periodontitis. The statistical analysis showed with each 1 year of increase in age, the odds of having periodontal disease multiply by 1.39, i.e., age as a risk factor for periodontal disease due to the presence of PG and sharing the same plate. Conclusion This investigation demonstrates a high prevalence of periodontal microorganisms in children and young adults of Lebanese periodontitis parents and a microbiological similarity between the children and their mothers. All these factors could be a high risk of developing periodontal disease in the future. Clinical significance This article shows that vertical transmission of microorganisms is a possible risk factor for developing periodontal disease in the offspring. How to cite this article Al Yahfoufi Z. Prevalence of Periodontal Destruction and Putative Periodontal Pathogens in the Same Lebanese Family. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(10):970-976.

scholarly journals Localised Aggressive Periodontitis – A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Milind Wasnik ◽  
Suryakant Kumar ◽  
Arun Sajjanar ◽  
Niharika Gahlod ◽  
Sneha Khekade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Attachment Loss ◽  
Localized Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Google Search

The term “periodontal diseases” includes any inherited or acquired disorders of the tissues that are supporting the teeth i. e Gingiva, Cementum, PDL, and Alveolar bone. The periodontal disease can be either localized or generalized. Localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) patients have interproximal attachment loss on at least two permanent first molars and incisors, with attachment loss on no more than two teeth other than first molars and incisors. In children and adolescents LAgP occurs without clinical evidence of systemic disease and it is characterized by the severe loss of alveolar bone around permanent teeth [10]. Most commonly the disease is localized to the permanent first molars and incisors. Aim: The aim of this review article is explain in details about aggressive periodontitis including different management aspect of the same. Methods: This paper presents a review of the aggressive periodontitis in children. An electronic search was conducted using Pub Med®/MEDLINE, and Google search using the terms: Periodontium, Localized Aggressive Periodontitis, Children and periodontal health, periodontal health in adolescents, gingival disease in children, periodontal disease in children,  gingivitis, periodontitis, gingival disease and its prevalence, periodontal disease and its prevalence.

scholarly journals Immunological aspects of inflammatory periodontal disease (analytical review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 06005
Author(s):  
Vladimir Evstropov ◽  
Galina Zelenkova ◽  
Sergei Tresnitskii ◽  
Anna Spirina ◽  
Pavel Bykadorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Local Structures ◽  
Analytical Review

Clinical and immunological parallels in inflammatory periodontal diseases are considered taking into account some features of the functioning of general and local structures of the immune system in periodontitis of varying severity, chronic generalized periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis. In the analysis of immunopathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases, an essential role is given to an imbalance in the immune and cytokine system.

Restorative dentistry 1: periodontology

2014 ◽  
pp. 171-216
Author(s):  
David A. Mitchell ◽  
Laura Mitchell ◽  
Lorna McCaul
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Periodontal Surgery ◽  
Mucogingival Surgery ◽  
Furcation Involvement ◽  
Oral Microbiology ◽  
Principles Of Treatment

Contents. Classification. Epidemiology of periodontal disease. Oral microbiology. Aetiology of periodontal disease. Plaque biofilm. Calculus. Progression and risk factors. Pathogenesis of gingivitis and periodontitis. Clinical features of gingivitis and periodontitis. Diagnosis and monitoring. Aggressive periodontitis. Necrotizing periodontal diseases. Periodontal abscess. Periodontitis associated with endodontic lesions. Principles of treatment. Non-surgical treatment—plaque control. Non-surgical periodontal therapy—scaling and root surface debridement. Treatment with antimicrobials. Periodontal surgery—principles. Periodontal surgery—types of surgery. Periodontal surgery—regenerative techniques. Periodontal surgery—mucogingival surgery. Furcation involvement. Occlusion and splinting. Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Supportive periodontal therapy.

scholarly journals De periodontitis agresiva a periodontitis: modificaciones en su clasificación y tratamiento a través del reporte de caso

UVserva ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Michelle Rustrián-Campillo ◽  
Miguel Hazael Russell-Hernández ◽  
Miguel Eric García-Rivera ◽  
María Gabriela Nachón-García
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Oral Pathology ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Palabras Clave

Introducción: En la Clasificación de las Enfermedades y Afecciones Periodontales y Periimplantarias de 2018, la periodontitis agresiva (PA), se considera como enfermedad periodontal estadio IV, grado C, patrón incisivo molar. Consiste en una patología bucal que ocurre en individuos aparentemente sanos, con periodontitis, rápida pérdida de inserción, destrucción ósea y agregación familiar. A lo largo de décadas esta enfermedad ha sufrido cambios en su definición y clasificación. Objetivo: Describir por medio del caso clínico las características y tratamiento de la periodontitis agresiva en la clasificación periodontal más reciente. Reporte de caso: hombre de 49 años, diagnosticado con periodontitis agresiva generalizada (PAG), con base en los hallazgos clínicos y radiográficos. Se realizó un tratamiento integral, con seguimiento de tres años, observando recidiva de la enfermedad. Conclusión: la implementación del uso de indicadores séricos y exámenes microbiológicos podría mejorar la clasificación actual y facilitar el diagnóstico y manejo del paciente. Palabras clave: Periodontitis agresiva; enfermedad periodontal estadio IV-grado C; clasificación periodontal; diagnóstico periodontal. From aggressive periodontitis to periodontitis: modifications in its classification and treatment through the case reportIntroduction: In the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions of 2018, aggressive periodontitis (AP) is considered stage IV, grade C periodontal disease, molar incisor pattern. It consists of an oral pathology that occurs in apparently healthy individuals, with periodontitis, the rapid loss of attachment, bone destruction, and familial aggregation. Over the decades, this disease has changed its definition and classification. Objective: To describe aggressive periodontitis's characteristics and treatment in the most recent periodontal through the clinical case category. Case report: 49-year-old man, diagnosed with generalized aggressive periodontitis (PAG), based on clinical and radiographic findings. Comprehensive treatment was carried out, with a three-year follow-up, observing recurrence of the disease. Conclusion: The implementation of serum indicators and microbiological examinations could improve the current classification and facilitate the patient's diagnosis and management.Keywords: aggressive periodontitis, stage IV-grade C periodontal disease, periodontal classification, periodontal diagnosis. 

Neopterin Profile to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Treatment in Aggressive Periodontitis

Pteridines ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysen Bodur ◽  
Terken Baydar ◽  
Nurdan Ozmeric ◽  
Ayse Basak Engin ◽  
Ahu Uraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Neopterin Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Periodontal disease results from the interaction of the host defence mechanisms with the microbial dental plaque. Analysis of gingival crevicular Huid (GCF) provides a non-invasive means of evaluating the role of the host response in periodontal disease. Based on our previous study, demonstrating increased levels of neopterin in GCF and saliva from patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP), the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of periodontal treatment on the levels of neopterin in GCF, saliva and urine of patients with AgP.Pre-treatment values of neopterin in GCF were 4.04 ± 0.86 nmol/ml for the AgP group (n=8) and 2.68 ± 0.90 nmol/ml fyr the control group (n=8; difference not significant). After periodontal treatment, the level of ncoptei in was found 2.38 ± 0.72 nmol/ml in the patient group which did not differ f r om pre-treatment levels. The salivary neopterin concentration was higher in both AgP groups (14.14 ± 2.85 nmol/1 and 8.02 ± 3.12 nmol/1, before and after periodontal treatment) than in controls (2.58 ± 0.3 nmol/1; both p<0.05). No significant difference in salivary neopterin level was observed in patients before and after periodontal treatment.Concentrations of urine neopterin in patients before treatment were 188.5 ± 30.98 μηιοί neopterin/mol creatinine and 168.1 + 20.21 μηιοί in controls (difference not significant). Following periodontal treatment, the urinary neopterin levels (310.1 ± 39.82 μηιοί neopterin/mol creatinine) were higher when compared to the baseline levels and to controls (p<0.05).Our results suggest that neopterin in saliva and GCF might be associated with the periodontal diseases process.

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