scholarly journals Vocal Cord Leukoplakia: Characteristics and Pathological Significance

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Kizil ◽  
Utku Aydil ◽  
Metin Yilmaz ◽  
Özgür Ekinci ◽  
Osman Tugrul Güzeldir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Pathological Finding ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
White Patch ◽  
Mild Dysplasia

ABSTRACT Leukoplakia is a nonspecific clinical term used to describe a mucosal white patch or plaque that cannot be easily scraped off. Leukoplakia of vocal cord represents a chronic inflammation or exposure to irritants which can also stimulate development of precancerous conditions or cancer. This study aimed to determine clinical and histopathological characteristics of vocal cord leukoplakia. A total of 66 patients were included. All patients with a clinical diagnosis of vocal cord leukoplakia who had undergone direct laryngoscopic examination and biopsy were analyzed retrospectively. The most common pathological finding was mild dysplasia (25.8%). Cancer was detected in 18.2% of cases. Malignancy was more frequent in cases with unilateral vocal cord involvement (23.4%) when compared with bilateral cases (5.2%) and in patients with localized lesions (19.3%) when compared with lesions involving whole cord (11.1%), but the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Smoking history was found to be related with cancer diagnosis (p < 0.001). In the presence of a serious smoking history, there is high-risk for malignancy and leukoplakia should be sampled immediately for histopathological examination. Although statistically not proven, cancer rates are higher in more localized and unilateral lesions. How to cite this article Kizil Y, Aydil U, Yilmaz M, Ekinci Ö, Güzeldir OT, Savas VA, Köybasioglu A. Vocal Cord Leukoplakia: Characteristics and Pathological Significance. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2012;2(1):9-13.

Extracellular Vesicles in Tumor Diagnosis: A Mini-Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Yu ◽  
Menglin Huang ◽  
Jingyu Wang ◽  
Yongchang Zheng ◽  
Haifeng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Related Substances ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Shed Light

: Widely exploration of noninvasive tumor/cancer biomarkers has shed light on clinical diagnosis. However, many under-investigated biomarkers showed limited application potency due to low sensitivity and specificity, while extracellular vehicles (EVs) were gradually recognized as promising candidates. EVs are small vesicles transporting bioactive cargos between cells in multiple physiological processes and also in tumor/cancer pathogenesis. This review aimed to offer recent studies of EVs on structure, classification, physiological functions, as well as changes in tumor initiation and progression. Furthermore, we focused on advances of EVs and/or EV-related substances in cancer diagnosis, and summarized ongoing studies of promising candidates for future investigations.

scholarly journals Melanosis of the Uterine Cervix: A Rare Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Sanjay Deshpande ◽  
Aditi Mittal ◽  
Anil B Munemane ◽  
Ravindra Raosaheb Karle
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Pathological Finding ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Macular Lesion ◽  
Melanocytic Lesions ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
S 100

Cervical melanosis is a rare entity in the spectrum of melanocytic lesions of uterine cervix. Melanosis is defined as presence of melanocytes in the basal layer of squamous epithelium causing hyperpigmentation. Authors here by report a case of 57-year-old female who underwent vaginal hysterectomy for third degree utero-vaginal prolapse, showed an incidental gross pathological finding of brownish macular lesion. Histopathological examination showed hyperpigmentation of basal layer without increase in melanocytes. On immunohistochemical examination, basal melanocytes were highlighted by S-100 and HMB 45 immunostains. Thus final diagnosis of cervical melanosis was made. Clinical differentials of cervical pigmented melanocytic lesions include cervical melanomas, blue nevi, congenital or traumatic lesions and melanosis, hence vigilant clinical, gross pathological examination and biopsy is warranted.

scholarly journals Solitary Schwannoma on the Hypothenar Region of the Hand: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
Kastanis G ◽  
Kapsetakis P ◽  
Magarakis G ◽  
Bachlitzanaki M ◽  
Christoforidis C ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Rare Manifestation ◽  
Histopathological Evidence ◽  
Volar Surface

Schwannomas or neurilemmomas are the most common benign tumors of the neural sheaths of the peripheral nerves. Incidence of these tumors in the hand accounts to 0.8-2%. The majority of them appear as an isolated grown mass along the route of the nerves. Peripheral nerves benign tumors present many difficulties concerning the clinical diagnosis and only histopathological evidence provides the final diagnosis. In this case study, we present a 45 year old man with a grown asymptomatic mass on the volar surface of right hand (hypothenar) remained for two years and impinging the skin of the hand only the last months. Initial MRI results diagnosed the mass as gaglion cyst. Histopathological examination revealed a schwannoma. We present this case as a rare manifestation of a schwannoma in hypothenar area of the hand. A literature review of diagnoses and therapeutic management is also presented.

scholarly journals Microcalcifications without a thyroid nodule as the sole sign of papillary thyroid carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stamatina Ioakim ◽  
Vasilis Constantinides ◽  
Meropi Toumba ◽  
Theodoros Lyssiotis ◽  
Angelos Kyriacou
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
List Type ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Resected Tissue ◽  
Current Guidelines

Summary Our objective is to demonstrate the importance of considering microcalcifications even without evidence of nodules as a potential sign of malignancy. Current guidelines, such as those of the British Thyroid Association, acknowledge the clinical significance of microcalcifications only when found within nodules. In this case, they are considered a suspicious feature, classifying the nodules as U5 (i.e. high risk) where fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is warranted, following the high likelihood of cancer in these nodules. In addition, there is a dearth of evidence of ultrasound scan (USS) detection of microcalcifications in the thyroid gland outside of nodules, along with their associated clinical implications. Yet, this clinical manifestation is not so infrequent considering that we do encounter patients in the clinic showing these findings upon ultrasound examination. Three patients who presented to our clinic with thyroid-related symptoms were shown to have areas of microcalcifications without a nodule upon sonographic evaluation of their thyroid gland. These incidentally detected hyperechoic foci were later confirmed to correspond to areas of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) on histopathological examination of resected tissue following thyroidectomy. Four more cases were identified with sonographic evidence of microcalcifications without nodules and given their clinical and other sonographic characteristics were managed with active surveillance instead. Learning points Echogenic foci known as microcalcifications may be visible without apparent association to nodular structures. Microcalcifications without nodules may not be an infrequent finding. Microcalcifications are frequently indicative of malignancy within the thyroid gland even without a clearly delineated nodule. Empirically, the usual guidelines for the management of thyroid nodules can be applied to the management of microcalcifications not confined to a nodule, but such a finding per se should be classified as a ‘high-risk’ sign.

scholarly journals The Frequency and Causes of Subepidermal Gaps or Blisters and the Compliance Rate Between Clinical Diagnosis and Pathology Reports from 2015 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Darjani ◽  
Hojat Eftekhari ◽  
Seyedeh Rojin Amini Rad ◽  
Narges Alizadeh ◽  
Rana Rafiee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pathology Reports

Background: Skin diseases are the fourth most common cause of human illness, and blisters with different clinical manifestations make a diagnostic challenge. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and causes of subepidermal gaps or blisters, as well as the compliance rate between the initial and final clinical diagnoses based on pathology reports. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, pathology reports of subepidermal blisters or gaps were evaluated in the patients referred to the Razi Laboratory of Rasht from 2015 to 2019. The samples were examined by a pathologist after hematoxylin and eosin staining. The reports included demographic information, clinical differential diagnoses, final diagnosis, direct immunofluorescence findings, and salt split results. Finally, the compliance rate of clinical diagnosis with pathology reports was determined. Results: A total of 183 pathology reports were evaluated, 170 of which contained the final diagnosis. Females were more frequently affected by the disease, and pemphigoid bolus and lichen planus were the most prevalent final diagnoses. The compliance rate between the initial and final diagnoses was 94%. About 37.2% of the reports lacked direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and salt split, and only 42.6% of the samples had undergone DIF examination, while 20.2% had both DIF and salt split. There was no significant association between the compliance rate of the final diagnosis with age, sex, and undergoing diagnostic tests. Conclusions: A high incidence of subepidermal gaps or blisters was seen in middle-aged individuals and females. The compliance rate of the initial clinical diagnosis with the final diagnosis based on pathological reports was high. Our findings emphasize the importance of histopathological examination and the complementary role of direct immunofluorescence and salt split in diagnosis.

scholarly journals Multiple Myeloma, Clinical Characteristics, and Increased COVID-19 Risk Using Real-World Data

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 3778-3778
Author(s):  
Emily I. Liu ◽  
Nathan W. Sweeney ◽  
Jennifer M. Ahlstrom
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Severe Case ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Real World Data

Abstract Background: A question that was commonly investigated during the COVID-19 pandemic was which clinical characteristics would make one more susceptible to contracting COVID-19? This was especially a concern for those who were considered "high risk" as they would be more prone to suffering from more severe COVID-19 symptoms and at times even death. In this abstract, we investigated which clinical characteristics of multiple myeloma (MM) cancer patients could make them more prone to contracting COVID-19. We also investigated which of these conditions make patients more at risk for experiencing more severe COVID-19 symptoms (PMID: 32950467, PMID: 32353254). Knowing what medical conditions that would make a patient more at risk for contracting or experiencing a more severe case of COVID-19 has been a concern for many, especially for those who suffer from more severe health conditions such as cancer. Methods: MM patient data and demographics were collected through HealthTree ® Cure Hub for Multiple Myeloma. We analyzed medical conditions including hypertension, heart condition, neuropathy condition, and BMI. We also looked into lung condition, kidney condition, diabetes, stroke, smoking history, drug use history, HIV, and Mediterranean descent but did not include in the figure due to small population sizes. We determined whether a patient had to be hospitalized, admitted to the ICU, needed oxygen therapy, or needed a D-dimer test as a severe COVID-19 case. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to quantify the risk for contracting COVID-19 for patients with specific medical conditions and which medical conditions made COVID-19 positive patients more at risk for experiencing a more severe case of COVID-19. Results: Out of the 962 patients that were involved in this study, we found that patients who were overweight were 2% more likely to contract COVID-19 than those who were not overweight. Other medical conditions did not increase the risk of contracting COVID-19. Furthermore, there were 35 patients that were involved in investigating how certain medical conditions may affect the severity of COVID-19 symptoms. We found that overweight patients were 12% more likely to suffer from more severe COVID-19 than those not overweight. Patients who suffered from neuropathy conditions were 3% more likely to experience a more severe COVID-19 case than those who do not have that condition. It is important to note that these results were not statistically significant, although are still informative. Conclusion: Our results show that MM patients who are overweight have a greater tendency to not only contract COVID-19 but experience a more severe case of COVID-19. Somewhat surprisingly, we found that patients who experience neuropathy, common among MM patients, had a higher tendency to experience a more severe case of COVID-19. We speculate whether MM patients, a high-risk group due to their immunocompromised state, took extra care to follow safety recommendations and caution to avoid contracting COVID-19. A logical next step would be to compare medical condition interactions to examine whether patients with more than one condition experience additive or synergistic risk, as well as comparing out results to other high-risk groups. These findings, although not statistically significant, may help MM patients identify which of their own medical conditions may put them more at risk for contracting COVID-19 and thus take precautionary measures. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Ahlstrom: Takeda: Other: Patient Advisory; Pfizer: Other: Patient Advisory; Janssen: Other: Patient Advisory; Bristol Myers Squibb: Other: Patient Advisory.

Prostate Cancer Diagnosis in High Risk Patients – The Finasteride Challenge Trial

2008 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd J Schmitz-Dräger ◽  
Arndt Hartmann ◽  
Gert Hüsgens ◽  
Jack Groskopf ◽  
Jochen Gleissner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Prostate Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Risk Patients

scholarly journals Finding of pathological thrombomodulin gene variant in a patient with idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis and chronic thrombotic microangiopathy-like changes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2050313X2094051
Author(s):  
Ramy Hanna ◽  
Jonathan E Zuckerman ◽  
Antoney Ferrey ◽  
Everado Arias Torres ◽  
Sam Tonthat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Pathological Finding ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glomerular Injury ◽  
Nodular Glomerulosclerosis ◽  
Smoking Exposure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Idiopathic Nodular Glomerulosclerosis

Idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis is an unusual histopathological finding that has commonly been observed in male smokers with hypertension. It has remained an enigmatic condition and is best described as a diabetic pattern of glomerular injury seen in non-diabetic patients. It is also one of the few nicotine (smoking)-associated/smoking-associated patterns of renal injury. We present an even more unusual manifestation of this pathological finding in a 59-year-old Hispanic female who presented with chronic kidney disease approaching need for renal replacement therapy. The patient had idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis on kidney biopsy, despite no prior history of diabetes, nor smoking history, including no secondhand smoking exposure. The patient did have hypertension. The renal biopsy also showed evidence of chronic thrombotic-microangiopathic changes within arteries and arterioles. Genetic testing of the alternative pathway revealed an unusual and likely pathological variant of thrombomodulin supporting complement dysfunction as having a role in the presentation.

scholarly journals Abdominal hysterectomy: analysis of clinico-histopathological correlation in Western Rajasthan, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1012
Author(s):  
Dinesh Pal Yadav ◽  
Ramgopal Yadav ◽  
Indra Bhati
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Clinical Impression ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Histopathological Correlation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gynecological Diseases

Background: Hysterectomy is the most common gynecological surgery done in the females worldwide as it provides definitive cure to a wide range of gynecological diseases, both benign and malignant. The indications to perform this major surgery should always be justified and the pathology should be proved histopathologically. Histopathological analysis and review is mandatory to evaluate the appropriateness of the hysterectomy.Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UMAID Hospital, Dr. S.N. M.C. Jodhpur (Raj.) during October 2014 to March 2015.Total 105 cases were studied during this period. The study included all women undergoing planned abdominal hysterectomy. Data was recorded on proformas, including demographic characteristics and clinical features. Hysterectomy specimens were saved in 10% formalin and sent to the Department of Pathology. Histopathology reports were analyzed and compared with the indications of surgery to draw various informative conclusions.Results: Of 105 cases, 55(52.38%) were in the age group of 41 – 50, which comprised the commonest age group undergoing the surgery. Maximum women (95%) those underwent hysterectomy were multiparous. Most common preoperatively clinical diagnosis was leiomyoma uterus which was diagnosed clinically and sonographically in 51(48.57%) cases. On Histopathological examination, the commonest pathology, similar to clinical impression, was found to be Leiomyoma at 50.48% (n = 53). Adenomyosis (21.90%) was detected as Second most common pathology. Histopathological confirmation of pre-operative diagnosis was 89% for malignancy, 96% for fibroids, 100% for adenomyosis, 100% for pelvic inflammatory disease.Conclusions: There was a high correlation when the clinical diagnosis was a fibroid, adenomyosis and ovarian mass. Every hysterectomy specimen should be subjected to histopathological examination because it is mandatory for conforming diagnosis and ensuring optimal management, in particular of malignant disease.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Continued Smoking and Smoking Cessation Among Patients With Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e269-e279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devon Alton ◽  
Lawson Eng ◽  
Lin Lu ◽  
Yuyao Song ◽  
Jie Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Smoking Cessation Counseling ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Multivariable Regression Models

Purpose: Continued smoking after a cancer diagnosis leads to poorer treatment outcomes, survival, and quality of life. We evaluated the perceptions of the effects of continued smoking on quality of life, survival, and fatigue among patients with cancer after a cancer diagnosis and the effects of these perceptions on smoking cessation. Patients and Methods: Patients with cancer from all disease subsites from Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Toronto, Ontario) were surveyed between April 2014 and May 2016 for sociodemographic variables, smoking history, and perceptions of continued smoking on quality of life, survival, and fatigue. Multivariable regression models evaluated the association between patients’ perceptions and smoking cessation and the factors influencing patients’ perceptions of smoking. Results: Among 1,121 patients, 277 (23%) were smoking cigarettes up to 1 year before diagnosis, and 54% subsequently quit; 23% had lung cancer, and 27% had head and neck cancers. The majority felt that continued smoking after a cancer diagnosis negatively affected quality of life (83%), survival (86%), and fatigue (82%). Current smokers during the peridiagnosis period were less likely to perceive that continued smoking was harmful when compared with ex-smokers and never-smokers ( P < .01). Among current smokers, perceiving that smoking negatively affected quality of life (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.68 [95% CI, 1.26 to 5.72]; P = .011), survival (aOR, 5.00 [95% CI, 2.19 to 11.43]; P < .001), and fatigue (aOR, 3.57 [95% CI, 1.69 to 7.54]; P < .001) were each strongly associated with smoking cessation. Among all patients, those with a greater smoking history were less likely to believe that smoking was harmful in terms of quality of life (aOR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.98 to 0.99]; P < .001), survival (aOR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.98 to 0.99]; P < .001), and fatigue (aOR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.98 to 0.99]; P < .001). Conclusion: The perceptions of continued smoking after a cancer diagnosis among patients with cancer are strongly associated with smoking cessation. Counseling about the harms of continued smoking in patients with cancer, and in particular among those who have lower risk perceptions, should be considered when developing a smoking cessation program.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document