Flute and Shank Dimensions of Reciprocating Instruments before and after Simulated Root Canal shaping

ABSTRACT Aim This study analyzed the effect of the dimensions of the flute and shank in the first 4 mm of instrument tips on the deformation and dimensional changes of reciprocating instruments after root canal shaping (RCS). Materials and methods The reciprocating instruments used were Reciproc® R25, R40, and R50; WaveOne® Small, Primary, and Large; and Unicone® #20, #25, and #40. Scanning electron microscopy images of the first 4 mm of the tip were acquired at 30× magnification before and after simulated curved root canals were shaped. Each instrument was used only once. The images were transferred to the AxioVision® software to measure the flute area (µm2, shank area (µm2), flute length (µm), and crosssectional diameter (µm). Student's t test for paired samples was used to compare differences before and after RCS, and analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test, to compare differences between instruments of similar sizes. The instruments were classified according to deformations after RCS. Results Reciproc® instruments had larger flutes and smaller shanks. The Reciproc® R40 had significant differences in crosssectional diameter at 0.5 mm from the tip. Reciproc® had no plastic deformations. Unicone® #20 instruments had significant differences in cross-sectional diameter at 1.5 and 3.0 mm from the tip, and #25 instruments had differences at 1.5 and 3.0 mm and in length of the second and third flutes. One #20 and three #40 instruments had plastic deformations. The differences in length of the first and fourth flutes of WaveOne® Primary and in cross-sectional diameter at 2.0 mm from the tip of WaveOne® Large were significant. Two of three WaveOne® Large instruments had plastic deformations. Conclusion Reciproc® instruments had greater flute areas and lengths and smaller shanks than Unicone® and WaveOne® instruments of similar sizes. Reciproc® instruments had a greater flute-to-shank ratio. WaveOne® instruments had the lowest flute-to-shank ratio. Unicone® instruments had the most plastic deformations. Instruments with larger flutes and smaller shanks had fewer plastic deformations after curved RCS. Clinical significance The knowledge of mechanical behavior before choosing the endodontic instrument may avoid fracture, regardless of the clinical condition, and it is essential to the success of root canal treatment. How to cite this article Sampaio FC, Brito APP, Veloso HHP, Alencar AHG, Decurcio DA, Figueiredo JAP, Estrela C. Flute and Shank Dimensions of Reciprocating Instruments before and after Simulated Root Canal shaping. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(3):198-204.

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Shaping Ability of ProTaper Next, WaveOne, and Reciproc in Simulated Root Canals

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1951 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 902-906

Author(s):

Mateus R Tonetto ◽

EM Maia Filho ◽

RM dos Reis Santos ◽

Darlon M Lima ◽

SM da Silva Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Significance ◽

Root Canal ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Endodontic Treatment ◽

Root Canals ◽

Before And After ◽

Reciprocating Instruments ◽

Shaping Ability ◽

Curved Root Canals

ABSTRACT Introduction The study aimed to compare the shaping and preservation of the original curvature of simulated curved root canals using the following instruments: Reciproc (Rcp), WaveOne (Wo), and the ProTaper Next system (Ptn). Materials and methods A total of 45 resin blocks with simulated curved root canals were divided into three groups (n = 15), prepared using the Rcp (R25), Wo (25/0.8), and Ptn (X2) instruments. Standardized photographs were taken before and after canal instrumentation. After the superimposition of the images, the amount of resin removed from the curvature's inner and outer walls was measured at six apical levels, at intervals of 1 mm. The canals’ angles of curvature before and after instrumentation were subtracted. Results There were no significant differences between the instruments in terms of the total amount of resin removed of the inner or outer walls of the apical curvature (p > 0.05). The Rcp instruments provided the best resin removed ratios between the walls. The means of the change in angle were as follows: Wo = 2.15°, Ptn = 0.92°, and Rcp = 0.21°. WaveOne caused significantly higher deviations than Rcp. Conclusion All of the instruments demonstrated a tendency to straighten the simulated root canal. Instruments that use rotary movement achieved an effect similar to that of the reciprocating instruments in relation to change in angle. Clinical significance Deviations from the original shape of the root canal could have a negative impact on the quality of a filling and consequently on the success of the endodontic treatment. How to cite this article Maia Filho EM, dos Reis Santos RM, Lima DM, da Silva Pereira SM, Soares JA, de Jesus Tavarez RR, Ferreira MC, Carvalho CN, Bandeca MC, Tonetto MR, Borges AH, de Castro Rizzi C. Shaping Ability of ProTaper Next, WaveOne, and Reciproc in Simulated Root Canals. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(11):902-906.

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Root canal preparation with reciprocating instruments - A literature review and clinical application

South African Dental Journal ◽

10.17159/2519-0105/2020/v75no9a4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (9) ◽

pp. 493-504

Author(s):

Christiaan Victor ◽

Peet J Van der Vyver ◽

Martin Vorster ◽

Zunaid I Vally

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

File Systems ◽

Apical Part ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Root Canals ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Endodontic Infection ◽

Reciprocating Instruments ◽

Canal Shaping

It is well described that the presence of microbial flora in the pulp space of the tooth, and the inability of the immune system to remove these pathogens, are the major sources of peri-apical and radicular inflam-mation.1 Eradication of these pathogens from the pulp and root canal space by means of cleaning, shaping, disinfecting and complete obturation is necessary to safeguard the health of the periodontal tissues from endodontic infection and subsequent breakdown.2,3 The basic objectives of cleaning and shaping of root canals include: (1) removal of all infected soft and hard tissues; (2) creating space for delivery of disinfectants and medicaments to the apical part of the canal; (3) facilitating three dimensional obturation and (4) preservation of radicular structures.4 Even modern endodontic file systems leave untouched areas on the root canal walls after preparation and show compaction of hard tissue debris.5 This debris consists of pulp tissue remnants, bacteria and dentine chips of which most is found in the apical part of the prepared root canal system.6 Aiming for a centred preparation that corresponds to the original canal anatomy accompanied by the lowest amount of canal transportation, especially in middle and apical parts of curved canals, will result in the most favourable post instrumented canal shape. The four optimal canal shaping objectives are: (1) to have a tapered funnel from orifice to apex, (2) maintenance of original anatomical canal pathway, (3) apical foramen position should remain constant and (4) leaving the apical opening as small as possible.2,7

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Shaping Ability of Reciproc, UnicOne, and Protaper Universal in Simulated Root Canals

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2015/690854 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Etevaldo Matos Maia Filho ◽

Cláudia de Castro Rizzi ◽

Matheus Bandeca Coelho ◽

Sara Freitas Santos ◽

Luzia Mayanne Oliveira Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Root Canal ◽

Root Canals ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Reciprocating Instruments ◽

Shaping Ability ◽

Reciprocating Movement ◽

Curved Root Canals

The study aimed to compare the shaping effects, preservation of the original curvature, and transportation of the apical foramen of Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany), UnicOne (Medin, Nové Město na Moravě, Czech Republic), and Protaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) in simulated root canals. Thirty resin blocks with simulated curved root canals were distributed into three groups(n=10),and prepared using Reciproc (RCp), UnicOne (UnO) and the Protaper Universal (PTu). Standardized photographs were taken before and after the instrumentation, after which they were superimposed. Measurements were taken of the quantity of resin removed from the inner and outer walls of the curvature at 6 levels, the curvature angles before and after instrumentation, and the transportation of the apical foramen. RCp obtained the highest values for amount of resin removed from the inner wall while UnO demonstrated similar shaping on both the inner and outer walls. PTu produced the greatest transportation of foramen when compared to the reciprocating instruments. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the change in angle(P>0.05). All the instruments were capable of maintaining the original curvature of the root canal; however, the UnO, which used reciprocating movement, produced more conservative shapes with lower foramen transportation.

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Аpplying of high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation in the treatment of chronic pulpitis

Medical alphabet ◽

10.33667/2078-5631-2020-12-40-42 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (12) ◽

pp. 40-42

Author(s):

F. Yu. Daurova ◽

D. I. Tomaeva ◽

S. V. Podkopaeva ◽

Yu. A. Taptun

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

High Frequency ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Endodontic Treatment ◽

Root Canals ◽

The Third ◽

Before And After

Relevance: the reason for the development of complications in endodontic treatment is poor-quality instrumental treatment root canals.Aims: a study of the animicrobial action and clinical efficacy of high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation in the treatment of chronic forms of pulpitis.Materials and methods: 102 patients with various chronic forms of pulpitis were divided into three groups of 34 patients each. In the first two groups, high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation was used in endodontic treatment in different modes. In the third group, endodontic treatment was carried out without the use of diathermocoagulation (comparison group). The root canal microflora in chronic pulpitis in vivo was studied twice-before and after diathermocoagulation.Results: it was established that high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation in the effect mode is 3, power is 4 (4.1 W) and effect is 4, power is 4 (5.4 W) with an exposure time of 3 seconds, it has a pronounced antibacterial effect on all presented pathogenic microflora obtained from the root canals of the teeth.

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Three-dimensional analysis of the root canal preparation with Reciproc Blue®, WaveOne Gold® and XP EndoShaper®: a new method in vivo

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01450-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Javier Caviedes-Bucheli ◽

Nestor Rios-Osorio ◽

Diana Usme ◽

Cristian Jimenez ◽

Adriana Pinzon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Reconstruction ◽

Root Canal ◽

Paired Comparison ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

New Method ◽

Root Canal Preparation ◽

Paired Data ◽

Before And After ◽

Student’S T

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in canal volume after root canal preparation in vivo with 3 different single-file techniques (Reciproc-Blue®, WaveOne-Gold® and XP-EndoShaper®), with a new method using CBCT and 3D reconstruction. Methods In this prospective study, thirty human lower premolars from healthy patients were used, in which extraction was indicated for orthodontic reasons. All the teeth used were caries- and restoration-free with complete root development, without signs of periodontal disease or traumatic occlusion, and with only one straight canal (up to 25º curvature). Teeth were randomly divided into three different groups: Reciproc-Blue, WaveOne-Gold and XP-EndoShaper. CBCT scans before root canal preparation were used to create a 3D reconstruction with RHINOCEROS 5.0 software to assess the initial canal volume, and then compared with 3D reconstructions after canal preparation to measure the increase in canal volume. Student’s t test for paired data were used to determine statistically significant differences between the before and after canal volumes. Anova test was used to determine statistically significant differences in the percentage of canal volume increase between the groups and Tukey's post-hoc test were used to paired comparison. Results Reciproc-Blue showed the higher increase in canal volume, followed by WaveOne-Gold and XP-EndoShaper (p = 0.003). XP-EndoShaper did not show a statistically significant increase in canal volume after root canal preparation (p = 0.06). Conclusion With this model, Reciproc-Blue showed higher increase in root canal volume, followed by WaveOne-Gold, while XP-EndoShaper did not significantly increase root canal volume during preparation.

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Comparative evaluation of shaping ability of trunatomy and protaper gold files in curved canals using cone?beam computed tomography: An invitro study

IP Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics ◽

10.18231/j.ijce.2021.023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 101-105

Author(s):

Kadam Krutika Kiran ◽

Vagarali Hemant ◽

Pujar Madhu A ◽

Tamase Aishwarya S ◽

Sahana Umesh

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Root Canals ◽

Before And After ◽

Canal Transportation ◽

Group 2 ◽

Shaping Ability

This study aimed to compare the canal transportation and canal centering ability in the preparation of curved root canals after instrumentation with TruNatomy (TN) (TN; Dentsply Sirona, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and ProTaper Gold (PG) (PG; Dentsply, Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK, USA) files using cone‑beam computed tomography (CBCT). 30 Single rooted extracted human teeth with root curvature ranging from 20-30° according to Schneider’s method were selected. Teeth with any visible cracks or fractures, calcifications, previous root canal treatments were excluded. The teeth were randomly assigned into two groups i.e. Group 1-TN and Group 2-PG (n = 15 each). The teeth were instrumented according to manufacturer’s guidelines for both the groups. Canals were scanned using a CBCT scanner before and after preparation to evaluate the transportation and centering ratio at 3 mm, 5 mm, and 7 mm from the apex. The data analysis was done using SPSS software and the test used was independent sample t test for comparison between the 2 groups.Data obtained suggested that TN group presented lesser canal transportation at the middle third of the root. The PG group showed better centering abitily at apical third of the root canal when both the groups were compared. TN resulted in less transportation than PG at the middle third, and PG showed better centering ability at the apical third. Overall, both systems safely prepared root canals, causing minimal errors.

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Shaping Ability of XP Endo Shaper File in Curved Root Canal Models

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2020/4687045 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Abdulmohsen Alfadley ◽

Abdalrhman Alrajhi ◽

Hamad Alissa ◽

Faisal Alzeghaibi ◽

Lubna Hamadah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

File Systems ◽

Lower Number ◽

Significance Level ◽

Root Canals ◽

Shaping Time ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Canal Shaping ◽

Shaping Ability

The aim of this study was to assess the shaping ability of the XP Shaper (XPS) file in severely curved canal models under simulated body temperature and compare it with that of the WaveOne Gold (WOG) file. Ninety-six simulated root canals were equally distributed into XPS and WOG systems to be shaped by eight files each. Files were assessed under a stereomicroscope prior to canal shaping to detect deformation if any. The canals were shaped at 35 ± 1°C using the X-Smart Plus motor. Images of the canals were obtained before and after instrumentation using a stereomicroscope to measure the amount of removed resin from both the inner and outer curvature sides at apex (0 mm) and 3 mm and 6 mm from the apex. The shaping time was calculated. The data were statistically analyzed by the independent t-test at 5% significance level. The XPS and WOG systems shaped the canals in 37.0 ± 9.5 and 62.6 ± 11.3 seconds (P<0.05), respectively. At the apex level, the amount of resin removal in both sides did not show a significant difference between the tested groups (P>0.05). At 3 mm and 6 mm levels, the WOG removed more resin than XPS at both sides (P<0.05). In XPS, deformation was observed in four files: one file after the first use, one file after the fourth use, and two files after the sixth use. In WOG, two files were deformed: one file after the fifth use and one file after the sixth use. One XPS file was fractured after the sixth use. In short, XPS and WOG files can be used in shaping severely curved canals as they showed the ability to maintain the original shape with minimal transportation. Both file systems showed signs of deformation after use with a lower number of deformed files observed in WOG throughout the experiment.

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Evaluation Algorithm of Root Canal Shape Based on Steklov Spectrum Analysis

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/4830914 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Dongqing Wu ◽

Jian Gao ◽

Xiaoli Hu ◽

Zhengtao Xiao ◽

Zhuwei Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Complete Removal ◽

Root Canal Preparation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Need To Evaluate ◽

Before And After ◽

Evaluation Algorithm ◽

Steklov Spectrum ◽

Volume Difference

In recent years, we have seen more and more interest in the field of medical images and shape comparison motivated by the latest advances in microcomputed tomography (μCT) acquisition, modelling, and visualization technologies. Usually, biologists need to evaluate the effect of different root canal preparation systems. Current root canal preparation evaluation methods are based on the volume difference, area difference, and transportation of two root canals before and after treatment. The purpose of root canal preparation is to minimize the volume difference and ensure the complete removal of the smear layer. Previous methods can reflect some general geometric differences, but they are not enough to evaluate the quality of root canal shape. To solve this problem, we proposed a novel root canal evaluation method based on spectrum and eigenfunctions of Steklov operators, which can be served as a better alternative to current methods in root canal preparation evaluation. Firstly, the ideal root canal model was simulated according to the root canal model before and after preparation. Secondly, the Steklov spectrum of the two models was calculated. Thirdly, based on the spectrum and the histogram of the Gaussian curvature on the surface, the weight of each eigenvalue was computed. Therefore, the Steklov spectrum distance (SSD), which measures shape difference between the root canals, was defined. Finally, the calculation method that quantifies the root canal preparation effect of root canals was obtained. Through experiments, our method manifested high robustness and accuracy compared with existing state-of-the-art approaches. It also demonstrates the significance of our algorithm’s advantages on a variety of challenging root canals through result comparison with counterpart methods.

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Comparative characteristics of microflora root dentine at the use of different variants of medicamentous treatment of root canals

Journal of New Medical Technologies eJournal ◽

10.12737/4791 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Беленова ◽

I. Belenova ◽

Красичкова ◽

Olga Krasichkova

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Ultrasonic Treatment ◽

Root Canal ◽

Economic Effect ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Tooth Pulp ◽

Root Canals ◽

Antiseptic Treatment ◽

Before And After ◽

Abutment Teeth

Application of ultrasonic treatment combined with conventional methods of endodontic treatment contributes to reduce the cases of relapses and the time of treatment, and causes the highest economic effect. The proposed method allows to successfully treating chronic granulating periodontitis and to save the need for prosthetics abutment teeth. The purpose of this study is to increase the effectiveness of treatment of granulating periodontitis by optimizing antiseptic treatment of root canals by means of ultrasound. In a series of studies the material of the examination and treatment of patients in the therapeutic department «Lipetsk municipal dental polyclinic №2» was examined. The basis for receiving scientific data – contingent of 127 patients from 26 to 51 years with granulating form of chronic periodontitis, of these were 83 women and 44 men. Depending on the tactics of the treatment the patients were divided into two groups: the 1st group – 43 patients who were treated by the traditional method of treatment of periodontitis; the 2nd group – 84 persons were treated by means of ultrasound. Clinical examination of patients included visual diagnostics, sensing, thermometry, percussion, determination of conductivity of the tooth pulp, radiovisiographic and x-ray study. It is established, that after use of a 3% solution of sodium hypochlorite the changes are observed not qualitative composition of the microflora, but quantitative. The methods of ultrasonic treatment of chronic granulating periodontitis are developed. The ultrasound effect on the microflora of each root channel is conducted during 30 seconds with the frequency of 30 kHz. The structure of the dentin of the root canal with the help of scanning electronic microscopy, before and after the influence of ultrasound is studied and described. After exposure to 3% of sodium hypochlorite, activated by ultrasound, on the wall of the root canal by granulating periodontitis the growth of microorganisms didn’t revealed in 94,8% of cases.

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Prevalence of Different Types of Apical Root Canal Morphology and their Treatment Recommendations in an Institute

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.3528 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (210) ◽

pp. 616-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sushmita Shrestha ◽

Smriti Karki ◽

Navin Agrawal ◽

Mannu Vikram ◽

Vimmi Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Root Canals ◽

Rotary Instruments ◽

Root Canal Morphology ◽

Different Shapes ◽

Diamond Disc

Introduction: Canals can be of different shapes in cross section including round canals, oval canals, long oval canals or ribbon shaped canals. Recesses of nonround canals may not be included in the round preparation created by rotary instruments and thus they remain unprepared. The aim of this study included determination of shape and taper of the apical root canal based on diameter at different levels. Methods: This was a cross sectional study which used convenient sampling technique to determine the sample size. Seventy extracted teeth were sectioned horizontally at one, two and three millimeter from the apex using the diamond disc which was observed under trinocular research microscope for the determination of diameter of root canal under 10x magnification. Results: The most common canal configuration was oval. The taper of the canals was 25% in mesial root and 20% in distal in bucco-lingual orientation and 14% in mesial root and 15% in distal in mesio-distal orientation. Conclusions: The most prevalent canal configuration in this study was non round, however, most of the rotary instruments tend to prepare root canals into round shape making their use questionable. The taper of the root canals was found to be higher in our study than what most of the shaping instruments have to offer. So it would be advisable to consider this fact while selecting instruments and preparing these non-round canals as far as the Nepalese subpopulation is considered.

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