scholarly journals Twin-city Study correlating the Dermatoglyphic Patterns with Rampant Caries and Early Childhood Caries

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Yusuf Chunawala ◽  
Abdul Morawala ◽  
Arti Ambiye ◽  
Kapil Jain
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Free Group ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Twin City ◽  
Group I ◽  
Rampant Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

ABSTRACT Introduction Dermatoglyphics is the scientific and analytical study of fingerprints. Every individual's fingerprints are distinctive; one can determine one's ingrained potential, individuality, and choices by interpreting dermatoglyphics. This twin-city survey was undertaken to evaluate the fingerprint patterns of children with dental caries [study groups – rampant caries vs early childhood caries (ECC)] and caries-free individual (control group). Aim This study was carried out to determine the correlation between dermatoglyphic pattern and caries prevalence in young children in the twin cities of Pune and Mumbai. Materials and methods Two centers were selected in Pune and Mumbai. A total of 300 patients (150 patients in each center) were randomly selected from the age group ranging between 3 and 5 years. The samples were divided into two groups: Group I: Caries group, and group II: Caries-free group. Group I was further divided into children with ECC and children with rampant caries. Clinical examination of dental caries was done using mouth mirror and probe (only to remove debris and not probe into the fissures) in daylight or suitable light source. Fingerprints were obtained by the conventional ink method. Statistical results were obtained by one-way analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey's correction for multiple group comparisons using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Results The evaluation and comparison of patterns in children with caries and caries-free children in both right and left hands showed increase in the number of whorls in children with rampant caries as compared with children with ECC. However, this was not statistically significant. Conclusion The study showed a definite variation in dermatoglyphics between the ECC, rampant caries, and caries-free group. However, the rampant caries group showed more number of whorls as compared with the ECC group, but they were statistically insignificant. Dermatoglyphics has proven to be a useful, noninvasive, and cost-efficient tool for investigating diseases with a genetic background like dental caries and cleft lip and palate, etc. How to cite this article Chunawala Y, Morawala A, Ambiye A, Jain K. Twin-city Study correlating the Dermatoglyphic Patterns with Rampant Caries and Early Childhood Caries. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):1-4.

Treatment of dental caries in the preschool child

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Fayle ◽  
P. Kandiah
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Preschool Child ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Rampant Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

Dental caries is still one of the most prevalent pathological conditions in the child population of most Western countries. A UK study of children aged from 1.5 to 4.5 years demonstrated that 17% have decay, and a more recent survey of 3-year-old children in England found 12% to have decay with up to a third of 3-year-olds affected in the worst areas of the country (Public Health England 2014). Although the most recent surveys show a slow decline in decay levels, on average 25% of five-year-old children have decay, peaking at over 50% in the worst affected parts of England. Dental caries is associated with significant morbidity in children, and the treatment of dental caries (and its sequelae) is currently the most common reason for administration of general anaesthesia (GA) to children in the UK. Successfully managing decay in very young children presents the dentist with a number of significant challenges. This chapter will outline approaches to the management of the preschool child with dental caries. Early childhood caries (ECC) is a term used to describe dental caries presenting in the primary dentition of young children. Terms such as ‘nursing bottle mouth’, ‘bottle mouth caries’, or ‘nursing caries’ are used to describe a particular pattern of dental caries in which the upper primary incisors and upper first primary molars are usually most severely affected. The lower first primary molars are also often carious, but the lower incisors are usually spared—being either entirely caries free or only mildly affected. Some children present with extensive caries that does not follow the ‘nursing caries’ pattern. Such children often have multiple carious teeth and may be slightly older (3 or 4 years of age) at initial presentation. This presentation is sometimes called ‘rampant caries’. However, there is no clear distinction between rampant caries and nursing caries, and the term ‘early childhood caries’ is widely recognized as a suitable all-encompassing term. In many cases, ECC is related to the frequent consumption of a drink containing sugars from a bottle or ‘dinky’ type comforters (these have a small reservoir that can be filled with a drink).

scholarly journals Salivary Cystatin S in Children With Early Childhood Caries in Comparison With Caries-free Children; Statistical Analysis and Machine Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Koopaie ◽  
Mahsa Salamati ◽  
Roshanak Montazeri ◽  
Mansour Davoudi ◽  
Sajad Kolahdooz
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Free Group ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background: Early childhood caries is the most common infectious disease in childhood, with a high prevalence in developing countries. Recognition of the factors affecting early childhood caries and its pathophysiology, allows better control of disease. Cystatin S as one of the salivary proteins, has an important role in pellicle formation, tooth re-mineralization and protection. The aim of the present study is to assess salivary cystatin S levels and demographic data in early childhood caries children in comparison with caries-free ones using statistical analysis and machine learning methods. Methods: A cross-sectional case-control study was undertaken on 20 cases of early childhood caries and 20 caries-free children as a control group. Unstimulated whole saliva samples by suction method was collected. Cystatin S concentrations were determined using human cystatin S ELISA kit. A checklist was collected for each participant about the demographic characteristics, oral health status and dietary habits by interviewing parents. The regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was done to evaluate the potential role of cystatin S salivary level and demographic using machine learning and statistical analysis.Results: The mean value of salivary cystatin S concentration in early childhood caries group was 191.55±81.90 (ng/ml) and in caries-free group was 370.06±128.87 (ng/ml). T-test analysis showed that there is a statistically significant difference between early childhood caries and caries-free group in salivary cystatin S level (p: 0.032). Investigation of area under the curve and accuracy of ROC curve revealed that logistic regression model based on the salivary cystatin S levels and birth weight had most and acceptable potential for discriminating of early childhood caries from caries-free controls. After that the machine learning models and finally salivary cystatin S levels had more capability for differentiation of early childhood caries from caries-free controls.Conclusion: Salivary cystatin S in caries-free children was higher than the children with early childhood caries. Therefore, cystatin S protein can be used as a biomarker for early prediction of early childhood caries, furthermore cystatin S is a protective factor against dental caries.

Comparison of Salivary Calcium, Phosphate and Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in Children with Early Childhood Caries after Administration of Milk, Cheese and GC Tooth Mousse: An in Vivo Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Hegde ◽  
N Naik ◽  
S Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Free Group ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tooth Mousse ◽  
Childhood Caries

Background and Objectives: This study compares the Salivary Calcium, Phosphate and Alkaline Phosphataselevels in children with Early Childhood Caries after administration of Milk, Cheese and GC Tooth Mousse to a control group of caries resistant children. Study design: 90 kindergarten children both males and females aged 5 years, from the South Canara region were included in the study. Based on the dmfs score, children were divided into 3 groups: Control group, ECC group and S-ECC group. The Salivary Calcium, Phosphate and Alkaline Phosphatase levels in the sample were assessed before and after administration of Milk, Cheese and GC Tooth Mousse at three different intervals, i.e within 5 minutes, 30 minutes and 60 minutes by using Spectrophotometry. Results: The mean Salivary Calcium levels were higher in caries free group whereas Phosphate and Alkaline Phosphatase were lower in the caries free group which was statistically highly significant (p<0.001). The Tooth Mousse group showed higher bioavailability of calcium and phosphate which was statistically highly significant (p<0.001). Salivary Calcium and Phosphate levels within 5 minutes after application of Milk, Cheese and Tooth Mousse were higher than at 30 and 60 minutes. Salivary Alkaline Phosphatase levels were lower than the baseline values at all the 3 intervals after administration of Milk, Cheese and Tooth Mousse and was statistically not significant (p≯0.05). Conclusion: Saliva should be saturated with Calcium and Phosphate to affect their bioavailability in amounts adequate for remineralizaton. Milk, Cheese and GC Tooth Mousse applicaton were equally beneficial in saturating the saliva with adequate amount of Calcium and Phosphate.

Efficacy of 10% Povidone Iodine in Children Affected with Early Childhood Caries: An In Vivo Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauli Simratvir ◽  
Namita Singh ◽  
Saroj Chopra ◽  
Abi Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Rehabilitation ◽  
Full Mouth Rehabilitation ◽  
Childhood Caries

For prevention of dental caries, S. mutans numbers must be reduced and prevented from returning to the original level. An antibacterial agent that is effective and also acceptable to young children can help to establish a favorable oral environment and halt the caries process. Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of topical antimicrobial (10% Povidone- Iodine) on S.mutans counts in children with Early Childhood Caries after full mouth rehabilitation. Also its effects on the clinical outcomes in terms of incidence of new caries and secondary caries were evaluated. Method: Full mouth rehabilitation was done in 30 children (mean age 4.2 years) suffering from Severe Early Childhood Caries (SECC). Stimulated saliva samples were collected to determine the post operative baseline S.mutans counts. Thereafter the subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group received 10% Povidone Iodine at 3 months interval for a period of 12 months while the control group received placebo (deionized water) at similar intervals. Change in the S.mutans count at 6 and 12 month intervals were compared to the baseline post-operative mutans score. Results revealed that application of 10% Povidone Iodine caused a significant reduction in the rise of Streptococcus mutans levels from the baseline postoperative score after 12 months of treatment thus decreasing the oral load of the organisms. Reduction in counts; in turn decreased the relapse of caries in these children. Conclusion: Thus oral rehabilitation coupled with regular application of 10% Povidone Iodine application can be a good alternative to control dental caries in children affected with Early Childhood Caries (ECC).

scholarly journals Protocol for a family-centered behavioral intervention to reduce early childhood caries: the MySmileBuddy program efficacy trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie L. Lumsden ◽  
Burton L. Edelstein ◽  
Charles E. Basch ◽  
Randi L. Wolf ◽  
Pamela A. Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Family Centered ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background Although largely preventable through diet management and topical fluoride use, early childhood caries (ECC) often progresses to severity that necessitates surgical repair. Yet repair often fails to mitigate caries progression. Needed is an effective behavioral intervention to address underlying behavioral causes. Methods This randomized controlled trial will evaluate the efficacy of a behaviorally focused, family-centered intervention, the MySmileBuddy Program (MSB Program), to reduce ECC progression in high-risk preschoolers in New York City. Recruitment will target 858 children ages 24–71 months with ECC and their parents from primary care medical and dental clinics. The study aims to assess the MSB Program’s efficacy to: (1) decrease ECC progression measured 12-months post-randomization; and (2) enhance adoption of a low cariogenic diet and twice-daily fluoridated toothpaste use compared to control group. Potential causal pathways (mediators and moderators) will be explored. The MSB Program equips community health workers (CHWs) with an app that facilitates multilevel risk assessment and provides motivational interviewing-based counseling to inform parents about the caries process, develop personalized goals, and create family-level action plans to achieve targeted behaviors. Social support from CHWs (4 interactions during the 6-month intervention, supplemented by up to 4 in-person/remote contacts throughout the 12-month study period, based on need) is bolstered by automated text messages. Participants will be randomized to a Control Group (paper-based educational handout plus toothbrushes and fluoridated toothpaste for the child) or Intervention Group (MSB Program, two tooth-brushing observations with feedback and instruction, and toothbrushes and toothpaste for the entire family). All children will receive visual ICDAS dental examinations and parents will complete study measures at baseline and 12-months. An incentive up to $150 plus round-trip transit cards ($5.50 value) will be provided. Discussion This study hypothesizes that the MSB Program can reduce ECC progression in a high-risk population. Sufficient incentives and a focus on establishing rapport between participants and CHWs are anticipated to mitigate recruitment and retention challenges. If successful, this study will advance the long-term goal of reducing pediatric oral health disparities by demonstrating the efficacy of an acceptable and feasible intervention that shifts attention from dental repair to behavioral risk mitigation. Trial registration: Trial registration was completed on 4/13/2021 through the U.S. National Library of Medicine ClinicalTrials.gov website (Identifier: NCT04845594).

Dental Caries Severity and Nutritional Status of Nigerian Preschool Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 238008442110021
Author(s):  
O.O. Olatosi ◽  
A.A. Alade ◽  
T. Naicker ◽  
T. Busch ◽  
A. Oyapero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Childhood Caries

Introduction: Malnutrition in children is one of the most prevalent global health challenges, and malnourished children have a higher risk of death from childhood diseases. Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Complications from ECC such as pain, loss of tooth/teeth, and infection can undermine a child’s nutrition and growth. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the severity of decay, missing, and filled tooth (dmft) by nutritional status using the z scores of the anthropometric measurements: height for age (HFA), weight for age (WFA), weight for height (WFH), and body mass index for age (BMIA) among children with ECC in Nigeria. Study Design: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 5 local government areas (LGAs) in Lagos State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used. Results: A total of 273 cases of ECC were included in the analyses (mean age 4.19 ± 0.96 y). Overall, the mean dmft was 3.04 ± 2.28, and most (96%) were accounted for by untreated decay. The distribution of dmft within the different z score categories of BMIA (<–3 = severely wasted, –2 to –3 = wasted, –2 to +2 = normal, +2 to +3 = overweight and >+3 = obese) showed the highest dmft scores among the combined severely wasted and wasted groups, lowest among children with normal z scores, and intermediate in the overweight and obese groups. There was a significant negative correlation between BMIA z score, WFH z score, and dmft ( r = −0.181, P < 0.05 and r = −0.143, P < 0.05, respectively). However, the correlations between HFA z score, WFA z score, and dmft were positive but not significant ( r = 0.048, P = 0.44 and r = 0.022, P = 0.77, respectively). Conclusion: Our study showed an increased severity of dental caries among severely wasted or wasted children with ECC compared to those of normal or overweight. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results from this study will raise awareness among clinicians and policy makers on the need for a primary prevention program for early childhood caries in countries with high burden of malnutrition and limited resources. Also, it will help draw the attention of clinicians to the caries status of malnourished children that can be managed to improve the nutritional outcomes.

Effect of Sustained Interventions from Infancy to Toddlerhood in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate for Preventing Early Childhood Caries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sivasubramanian Abirami ◽  
Noopur Panchanadikar ◽  
Murugan Satta Muthu ◽  
Suganya Balasubramanian ◽  
Jyotsna Murthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Childhood Caries

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sustained interventions in children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) for preventing early childhood caries (ECC). This prospective, nonrandomized interventional cohort study was conducted in infants aged 0–12 months with congenital CLP. Interventions were given to parents/primary caregivers in the form of combined oral health-care measures (sterile wet gauze piece, finger brush, toothbrush, and toothpaste) by a motivational interviewing approach. Education of primary caregivers on oral hygiene was provided by audiovisual aids and demonstration. Reinforcement of the prescribed regimen was done through daily short message services in caregivers’ preferred language and bimonthly telephone calls. Participants were followed up for 9–32 months from the time of recruitment, with a mean period of 18.3 ± 5.1 months. Rates of dental caries were represented as prevalence rates, incidence density, and transitional probability. The distribution of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores on different tooth surfaces affected in the intervention group was compared descriptively with that of the age- and sex-matched historical control groups. On analysis of surface-wise distribution of the ICDAS scores in the intervention group (<i>n</i> = 1,919), 1.2% (<i>n</i> = 24) had noncavitated lesions (ICDAS codes 1 and 2), 0.88% (<i>n</i> = 17) had cavitated lesions (ICDAS codes 3–6), and 0.26% (<i>n</i> = 5) had both cavitated and noncavitated lesions (ICDAS codes 1–6). The incidence density of caries-affected children observed at the first and last follow-ups was 1.2 persons/100 person-months and 1.3 persons/100 person-months of observation, respectively. The incidence density of new caries-affected tooth surfaces at the first and last follow-ups was 0.163 surfaces/100 surface-months and 0.062 surfaces/100 surface-months, respectively. Maxillary first molars had the maximum transition from sound to the cavitated lesion (11.5%), followed by maxillary incisors from sound to noncavitated (7.5%) at the last follow-up. Based on the newly developed assessment criteria in our study, sustained interventions proved to be significantly effective in preventing ECC in children with CLP.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with early childhood caries – a case control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Marina De Deus Moura Lima ◽  
Zacarias Soares Brito-Neto ◽  
Heylane Oliveira Amaral ◽  
Cacilda Castelo Branco Lima ◽  
Marcoeli Silva de Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with early childhood caries (ECC).Methods: It was an observational retrospective case-control study. The case group consisted of all patients diagnosed with ECC in the records of an active program of maternal and child care. The control group was composed of an equal number of children, matched for gender and age, who attended the program and did not have ECC. The process of data collection consisted of completing a pre-established schedule to analyse variables related to the mother/caregiver and child.Statisticalanalysis was performed using the chi-squared and odds ratio (OR), with alpha (α) = 0.05.Results: History of caries in the mother (OR=2.61; CI 95%=1.45-4.67) and father (OR=1.72; CI 95%=1.02-2.89) were key determinants in the child being diagnosed with ECC.Conclusions: The risk factors associated with ECC were the following: no oral hygiene acceptance, nocturnal feeding duration of more than 16 months, a daily intake of sugar greater than 4 times a day, a Baume type II maxillary arch, fewer than 3 consultations with the program, and a history of decay in the parents.

Streptococcus Mutans Strains in Mother-Child Pairs of Children with Early Childhood Caries

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Subramaniam ◽  
Revathy Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objective: Dental caries is both an infectious and transmissible disease. Maternal transfer of Mutans Streptococci occurs at an early age and is important in the initiation of dental caries in children. The aim of this study was to identify certain strains of Streptococcus mutans in mother-child pairs, of children with early childhood caries. Study design: Sixty mother-child pairs of healthy children aged 18–36 months were selected. Mothers with high levels of Streptococcus mutans in their saliva and only children with ECC were included. Dental plaque samples were collected from mother-child pairs. The plaque samples were stored, transferred to the laboratory and analyzed for Streptococcus mutans strains c, f, e and k, present in mother-child pairs using Real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis for level of similarity in Streptococcus mutans strains present in mother-child pairs. Results: A similar distribution of Streptococcus mutans strains c, f and k was identified in 28 mother-child pairs. Streptococcus mutans strain e was seen in 18 pairs. Conclusion: Less than 50% of mother-child pairs showed similarity in distribution of Streptococcus mutans strains.

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