Increasing prevalence of prescription opiate misuse over time among rural probationers

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Havens, PhD, MPH ◽  
Carrie B. Oser, PhD ◽  
Carl G. Leukefeld, DSW
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Drug Use Patterns ◽  
Over Time

Prescription opiate misuse is a major public health issue, especially in rural areas. The purpose of this analysis was to examine trends in prescription opiate misuse over time in a cohort of community-based rural proba-tioners. Participants (N = 800), recruited over a four-year period, were divided into cohorts according to the year in which they were interviewed. Prescription opiate misuse increased significantly between 2001 and2004 (p < 0.001). After adjustment for changes in demographic characteristics of the cohorts, misuse of prescription opiates was still significantly greater in 2004 compared with 2001. These data suggest changes in drug use patterns among community-based rural probationers from street to prescription drugs. Implications of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Polypharmacy, hospitalization, and mortality risk: a nationwide cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Ik Chang ◽  
Haeyong Park ◽  
Dong Wook Kim ◽  
Eun Kyung Jeon ◽  
Connie M. Rhee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Elderly Individuals

Abstract Polypharmacy is a growing and major public health issue, particularly in the geriatric population. This study aimed to examine the association between polypharmacy and the risk of hospitalization and mortality. We included 3,007,620 elderly individuals aged ≥ 65 years who had at least one routinely-prescribed medication but had no prior hospitalization within a year. The primary exposures of interest were number of daily prescribed medications (1–2, 3–4, 5–6, 7–8, 9–10, and ≥ 11) and presence of polypharmacy (≥ 5 prescription drugs per day). The corresponding comparators were the lowest number of medications (1–2) and absence of polypharmacy. The study outcomes were hospitalization and all-cause death. The median age of participants was 72 years and 39.5% were men. Approximately, 46.6% of participants experienced polypharmacy. Over a median follow-up of 5.0 years, 2,028,062 (67.4%) hospitalizations and 459,076 (15.3%) all-cause deaths were observed. An incrementally higher number of daily prescribed medications was found to be associated with increasingly higher risk for hospitalization and mortality. These associations were consistent across subgroups of age, sex, residential area, and comorbidities. Furthermore, polypharmacy was associated with greater risk of hospitalization and death: adjusted HRs (95% CIs) were 1.18 (1.18–1.19) and 1.25 (1.24–1.25) in the overall and 1.16 (1.16–1.17) and 1.25 (1.24–1.25) in the matched cohorts, respectively. Hence, polypharmacy was associated with a higher risk of hospitalization and all-cause death among elderly individuals.

scholarly journals Contemporary situation of community-acquired pneumonia in China: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-gang Zhu ◽  
Xiao-dan Tang ◽  
Yun-tao Lu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Jie-ming Qu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Contemporary Situation ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe prevalence and microbial pattern reported for Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) differ considerably and contemporary situation remains changing over time. We therefore searched both international and domestic databases for relevant references and pooled incidence of CAP and etiological distribution were estimated separately between children and adults groups. The results showed that CAP remained a major public health issue in China, with a relatively higher incidence than that reported in Western countries. Although pathogens were not detected in nearly half of patients, Mycoplasma pneumoniae remained to be the most frequently detected agent across age groups, the detection yield of which was lower than that reported from other countries. Notably, the incidence of influenza virus A in adults was almost four times higher than that in children while the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus was much less common in adults than that in children. Despite some limitations, the value of this review, approaching to systematically review grey published data, is to sketch out the contemporary epidemiological and etiological situation of CAP in our country, which could be useful to help policymakers and clinicians make informed choices and to inspire future studies and surveillance.

scholarly journals Chronic Hepatitis C: An Overview of Evidence on Epidemiology and Management from a Brazilian Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Castro ◽  
Hugo Perazzo ◽  
Beatriz Grinsztejn ◽  
Valdilea G. Veloso ◽  
Chris Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Advanced Fibrosis ◽  
Noninvasive Methods ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis

Chronic hepatitis C remains one of the main causes of chronic liver disease worldwide and presents a variable natural history ranging from minimal changes to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis and its complications, such as development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Approximately, 1.45 million people are estimated to be infected by HCV in Brazil representing a major public health issue. The aim of this paper was to review the epidemiology and management of chronic hepatitis C from a Brazilian perspective. The management of chronic hepatitis C has been challenged by the use of noninvasive methods to stage liver fibrosis as an alternative to liver biopsy and the high cost of new interferon-free antiviral treatments. Moreover, the need of cost-effectiveness analysis in hepatitis C and the recent changes in treatment protocols were discussed.

Seroprevalence of the hepatitis E virus antibodies among blood donors in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bader Y Alhatlani ◽  
Waleed A Aljabr ◽  
Mohammed S Almarzouqi ◽  
Sami M Alhatlani ◽  
Rayan N Alzunaydi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Major Public Health Issue

Aim: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) transmission through blood transfusion is a major public health issue worldwide. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HEV in blood donors in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Materials & methods: Serum samples (n = 1078) were collected from volunteer blood donors and tested for the presence of anti-HEV IgG and IgM by indirect ELISA. Results: The seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG among the blood donors was 5.7% overall. Anti-HEV IgG and IgM seropositivity were significantly higher in non-Saudi donors than in Saudi donors (22.1 vs 3 and 7.8 vs 0.2% for anti-HEV IgG and IgM, respectively). Conclusion: The seroprevalence of HEV among blood donors in the Qassim region was lower than previous estimates for other regions of the country and neighboring countries.

scholarly journals Dry eye researchers and their publications in Asia and Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuh Leong ◽  
Louis Tong
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Major Public Health Issue

Dry eye, a visually disabling disease that has been reported to be a major public health issue in many countries, is known to induce a significant decrease in quality of life. In this report, we aim to compile information on the investigators of dry eye that published most frequently in peer reviewed scientific journals and the publications in Asia and Europe.

Obesity in obstetric and gynaecological practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
Sukhwinder Sahota ◽  
Tahir Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Health And Well Being

Obesity is a complex multifactorial disorder, which has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. It affects all aspects of an individual’s life: physical, social, emotional, and psychological. Although it is largely preventable, obesity is now a major public health issue and has a significant impact on the health and well-being of an individual throughout their lifespan. Obesity is associated with multiple adverse outcomes not only during the reproductive phase of a woman’s life but during the post-reproductive era as well. Obesity also increases risks for non-obstetrical and gynaecological illnesses such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and non-gynaecological cancers. Obesity thus is a cause of major societal economic burden.

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