Modernity and Decision-Making for Global Challenges

Author(s):  
Elizabeth G. Dobbins

There are competing views on modernity. Some focus on the isolation of the individual, bereft of traditions and rituals, while others optimistically espouse the power of globalization, technology, and science to support progress and enhance human life. The challenges created by emerging diseases and human environmental impacts allow a new appreciation of the power of coordinated human responses while highlighting the limitations of globalization, technology, and science. Both climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrate that science and technology provide rapidly updated information, but immediate solutions reside in aggregate changes in personal behavior supported by regulation and governmental or trans-governmental agencies. These requirements for personal responsibility challenge individual powerlessness and highlight the necessity of communal responses to global challenges.

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Добридень Оксана

According to the World Health Organization, the major health threats to the planet’s population are air pollution, non-infection diseases, vaccine refusal, antibiotic resistance, etc. Taking into account the whole complexity of the systemic links in the range of these issues, the discussion intensity on health will continue. That’s why, there’s no wonder the safety of human life as a whole and the philosophical reflection on the phenomenon of health are the subject of critical analysis of many modern researchers.The extent, to which a social subject’s health-preserving activity is effective, depends on a number of factors. The end result of health preserving activity is determined not only by the mental and volitional qualities of the person who puts it into practice. It is also a matter of the dialectical interaction of form and content of a personality’s health preserving culture, without which it is impossible to imagine a holistic vision of this problem under the current conditions.Health preserving activity of a social subject under the contemporary consumerism acquires specific features, the form and content of which are predetermined by traditional social practices that are inherent in a society of over-consumption.It is of utmost importance for every educated person to understand the real state of affairs in the interconnections between the elements of such complex mechanisms as a consumer society and health preservation. It means that the power of negative effects on the individual is being significantly increased, because it is not about demonstrating expenses on unnecessary clothes and accessories, which will harm only the consumer’s wallet, but about expending on health-preservation drugs, products and procedures. That is, the vitality of the human biological organism and the duration of their life are crucial.Personal responsibility to care about your own health will always go hand in hand with critical reflection on the information. Both personal responsibility and critical thinking are based on education. The more educated a person is, the greater his or her vitality and readiness to meet the challenges of today are.Thus, as a result of the lack or the absence of competent information on contents, false origin and consequences of the consumption of preparations, foods, goods and procedures, the content of the health-preserving activity is being distorted, and the form, while preserving external segments, becomes illusory in its essence.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Gordon

While the COVID-19 pandemic has presented an immediate risk to human life around the world, climate change poses an arguably greater—although less immediate—threat to our species’ survival. Within the framework of life-history theory (LHT), this pre-registered study investigated whether extrinsic risk (i.e., external factors that pose a risk to an individual’s life, e.g., COVID-19) and existential risk (i.e., risks with outcomes that threaten the existence of humans as a species, e.g., climate change) had similar or different relationships with reproductive decision-making. A UK representative sample of 325 participants between 18 and 35 years of age was asked to indicate their ideal number of children, ideal age to start having children, and whether their desire for a child had recently changed. Participants were asked about their experiences of COVID-19 and given a series of scales with which to assess their beliefs about climate change. In support of LHT, the study found evidence that knowing people who had been hospitalized with or died of COVID-19 was associated with a greater ideal number of children. Conversely, there was no clear evidence of a relationship between climate change beliefs and reproductive decision-making. The repercussions for understanding how we interpret and respond to different forms of mortality risk are discussed.


Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjana Milkoreit

Climate change places major transformational demands on modern societies. Transformations require the capacity to collectively envision and meaningfully debate realistic and desirable futures. Without such a collective imagination capacity and active deliberation processes, societies lack both the motivation for change and guidance for decision-making in a certain direction of change. Recent arguments that science fiction can play a role in societal transformation processes is not yet supported by theory or empirical evidence. Advancing the argument that fiction can support sustainability transformations, this paper makes four contributions. First, building on the imaginary concept, I introduce and define the idea of socio-climatic imaginaries. Second, I develop a theory of imagination as linked cognitive-social processes that enable the creation of collectively shared visions of future states of the world. This theory addresses the dynamics that bridge imagination processes in the individual mind and collective imagining that informs social and political decision-making. Third, emphasizing the political nature of creating and contesting imaginaries in a society, I introduce the role of power and agency in this theory of collective imagination. I argue that both ideational and structural power concepts are relevant for understanding the potential societal influence of climate fiction. Finally, the paper illuminates these different forms of transformational power and agency with two brief case studies: two climate fiction novels. I contrast a dystopian and utopian science fiction novel – Paolo Bacigalupi’s The Water Knife (2015) and Kim Stanley Robinson’s Green Earth (2015). The two books are very similar in their power/agency profile, but the comparison provides initial insights into the different roles of optimistic and pessimistic future visions.


Author(s):  
Olga María Bermúdez ◽  
Marcela Lombana

Water is indispensable to life because all the functions of living beings rely on its presence: breathing, nutrition, circulation, and reproduction. Water forms part of all living bodies, both animal and vegetable. It is a natural resource necessary for human life. This natural resource has been threatened by climate change and its scarcity has been reported in many locations worldwide. According to the FAO, in 2014 almost 50 countries were faced with water shortages: Africa is the continent with the highest percentage of water stress (41%), while Asia has the highest percentage of countries with total water shortage (25%). Confronted with this critical problem, it is necessary that people of all ages, races, and cultures become aware of the value that water represents and take action in both the individual and collective spheres. To ensure that the next generation understands water’s properties and functions, and learns to value and take care of it, this action should start in schools, which play a fundamental role in the education of children and young people.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Reva Octaviani Siregar ◽  
Deci Irmayani ◽  
Masrizal Masrizal

Health is a state of well-being of body, soul and society that enables everyone to live productively socially and economically. Therefore, health is the most important element in human life. Health is closely related to economic conditions. factors that affect human health such as healthy food and drinks, a healthy environment and healthy living habits will be fulfilled. Conversely, if a bad economy will make it difficult for individual people to meet some of these factors, if these conditions are ignored, the individual community will find it difficult to improve their health. The problem that occurred at Galang Health Center was the unsatisfactory selection of KIS (Kartu Indonesia Sehat) participants. the selection of KIS (Kartu Indonesia Sehat) participants requires a decision support system (DSS) to speed up and make it easier to make decisions. Decision support systems are used to assist decision making in an organization to facilitate decision making. Where no one knows exactly how decisions should be made. The Promethee method (Preference Ranking Organizational Method for Enrichment Evaluation) is a method used to determine priority (order) in multi-criteria analysis. With the Promethee method, the problem of choosing KIS (Kartu Indonesia Sehat) participants is feasible to use in this study, the stages of research carried out in this study are starting from data collection, problem analysis, method analysis, design and testing of applications to be built, the purpose of this research is to solve the problems of the participants. KIS (Kartu Indonesia Sehat), which have been unsatisfied in terms of the decision of KIS (Kartu Indonesia Sehat) recipients. The results showed that of the three KIS (Kartu Indonesia Sehat) participants who were tested, there were two participants who deserved KIS (Kartu Indonesia Sehat) based on the results of the assessment of the five criteria used so that the calculation results using the Promethee method showed that the net flow from each of the alternatef is -1 for alternative 1 and 0.2 for alternative 2 and 0.8 for the third alternative.


2018 ◽  

[Alcance y objetivos]. Este documento tiene como objetivo presentar las estrategias políticas y metodológicas para la creación y el fortalecimiento de los programas nacionales de guías enfocados en los procesos de adaptación de guías informadas por la evidencia en las Américas. La directriz presentada en este documento muestra las consideraciones que se deben tener en cuenta en los programas nacionales de guías con el fin de facilitar su implementación y sostenibilidad, así como las metodologías y herramientas para su elaboración. También se exponen las generalidades de la implementación de las guías con el fin de facilitar a las entidades gubernamentales, los actores del sistema de salud y la sociedad civil el uso de guías informadas en la evidencia dentro de los procesos de toma de decisiones a nivel individual, organizacional y de los sistemas de salud. La directriz busca apoyar la elaboración e implementación de guías brindando un mapa general de los requerimientos, presenta los diferentes recursos y manuales regionales y muestra de forma operativa el proceso metodológico. De forma general, toma elementos de diferentes métodos de adaptación, como Adolopment (Schünemann et al., 2017), y los operativiza con el fin de servir de apoyo a los procesos de adaptación de guías. [Scope and objectives]. The purpose of this document is to present policy-oriented and methodological strategies for developing and/or strengthening national guideline programs, focusing on the adaptation of evidence-informed guidelines in the Americas. The information presented in this document includes considerations to be taken into account in national guideline programs in order to facilitate their implementation and sustainability. It presents methodologies and tools for adapting the guidelines, as well as general information on the implementation of guidelines to help governmental agencies, stakeholders in the health care system, and civil society use evidence-informed guidelines in decision-making processes at the individual, organizational, and health system level. This document seeks to support the development and implementation of guidelines while providing a general map of the requirements. It also presents the different resources and regional manuals that discussing greater detail the methodological process. In general, this document takes elements of different methods of adaptation as “Adolopment” (Schünemann et al., 2017) and operationalize them to support the adaptation processes of guidelines.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Diesmy Humaira Biruny ◽  
Izdiharmada Salsabila

The humanistic approach tries to see human life as humans themselves see their life. Humanistsare more likely to hold an optimistic perspective on human nature. In the development of his theory, humanistic psychology is very concerned about the human dimension in the relationship with the environment humanely by focusing on individual freedom to express opinions and make choices, values, personal responsibility, autonomy, purpose, and meaning. This study uses a systematic literature review method by identifying, assessing, and interpreting all findings on a research topic, to answer research questions. The humanistic approach emphasizes the importance of individual life by not seeing the negative side of the individual and helps individuals increase their potential even in crises so that individuals can actualize themselves.


ICCD ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 617-627
Author(s):  
Arin Fithriana ◽  
Jeanie Annissa

SDGs have 5 foundations, namely human, planet, welfare, peace, and partnerships that want to achieve three noble goals in 2030 in the form of ending poverty, achieving equality and tackling climate change. Some efforts to overcome poverty are to account for what we have produced and consumed. This is such in 12th SDGs target that accountability is part of the efficiency of natural resources as a means of supporting human life and directly preserving the environment by reducing waste through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse. To support the achievement of the SDGs target, one of the things that can be done is by waste management, especially household waste. Household waste is the biggest source of waste. One way of managing it is the existence of a waste management that can be carried out by citizens in this case is the individual. Utilization of waste to produce new uses product that have economic value. Therefore, relating to the achievement of the SDGs' objectives, the implementation of Community Service activities is focused on achieving the 12th SDGs, namely responsible consumption and production; guarantee the continuity of consumption and the pattern of distribution through the waste management socialization to give citizens awareness on climate change.


Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Filip Babovic ◽  
Ana Mijic

As Decision Making under Deep Uncertainty methodologies are becoming more widely utilised, there has been a growth in the use and generation of Adaptation Pathways. These are meant to convey to policy makers how short-term adaptations can act as elements of longer-term adaptation strategies. However, sets of Adaptation Pathways do not convey the individual pathway’s relative costs and benefits. To address this problem in relation to urban pluvial flooding, an economic analysis of a set of Adaptation Pathways was conducted. Initially, a methodology to conduct an economic assessment for deterministic climate change scenarios is developed. This methodology is then modified, using methods that underpin real options to assess how a pathway performs across a bundle of possible futures. This delivered information on how the performance of adaptations can vary across different climate change scenarios. By comparing the deterministic analysis to the new method, it was found that the order in which options are implemented greatly affects the financial performance of an Adaptation Pathway, even if the final combination of options is identical. The presented methodology has the potential to greatly improve decision making by informing policy makers on the potential performance of adaptation strategies being considered.


Author(s):  
Andri Setyorini ◽  
Niken Setyaningrum

Background: Elderly is the final stage of the human life cycle, that is part of the inevitable life process and will be experienced by every individual. At this stage the individual undergoes many changes both physically and mentally, especially setbacks in various functions and abilities he once had. Preliminary study in Social House Tresna Wreda Yogyakarta Budhi Luhur Units there are 16 elderly who experience physical immobilization. In the social house has done various activities for the elderly are still active, but the elderly who experienced muscle weakness is not able to follow the exercise, so it needs to do ROM (Range Of Motion) exercise.   Objective: The general purpose of this research is to know the effect of Range Of Motion (ROM) Active Assitif training to increase the range of motion of joints in elderly who experience physical immobility at Social House of Tresna Werdha Yogyakarta unit Budhi Luhur.   Methode: This study was included in the type of pre-experiment, using the One Group Pretest Posttest design in which the range of motion of the joints before (pretest) and posttest (ROM) was performed  ROM. Subjects in this study were all elderly with impaired physical mobility in Social House Tresna Wreda Yogyakarta Unit Budhi Luhur a number of 14 elderly people. Data analysis in this research use paired sample t-test statistic  Result: The result of this research shows that there is influence of ROM (Range of Motion) Active training to increase of range of motion of joints in elderly who experience physical immobility at Social House Tresna Wredha Yogyakarta Unit Budhi Luhur.  Conclusion: There is influence of ROM (Range of Motion) Active training to increase of range of motion of joints in elderly who experience physical immobility at Social House Tresna Wredha Yogyakarta Unit Budhi Luhur.


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