scholarly journals ESTIMATIVA DA GERAÇÂO DE RESÍDUOS AGRÍCOLAS DA PLANTA YACON (SMALLANTHUS SONCHIFOLIUS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romaildo Santos de Sousa ◽  
Maria Lucia Masson
Keyword(s):  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius

Introdução: A biomassa lignocelulósica – materiais que apresentam lignina, celulose e hemicelulose em sua composição química – é gerada em grande quantidade no mundo e o seu aproveitamento tem despertado interesse crescente nos últimos dez anos. O Brasil possui uma enorme variedade de biomassa oriunda dos resíduos agrícolas, cujo processamento seria de grande interesse econômico. Como exemplo têm-se os resíduos provenientes das atividades agrícolas da planta yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius), que produz uma raiz tuberosa que é apreciada devido aos seus benefícios à saúde. A maior parte dos resíduos da yacon são incinerados ou destinados ao uso como forragem. A literatura é escassa de informações sobre resíduos da planta yacon. Objetivos: Deste modo, foi feito uma estimativa da geração de resíduos agrícolas da yacon a partir da área de cultivo utilizadas neste estudo. Material e métodos: O cultivo da yacon foi feito em meados de setembro de 2016 numa área rural de São José dos Pinhais – PR com dimensões de 4 m x 90 m, utilizando-se rizóforos, com espaçamento de 1 m entre linhas e 0,50 m entre plantas. A amostragem contou com a parte aérea (caules, folhas e flores) de 30 plantas, que foram coletadas manualmente em pontos aleatórios da área de cultivo. Foram estimados a quantidade de caules produzidos por hectare (em unidades) e a biomassa gerada (kg). Resultados: O caule representa a maior fração da parte aérea da planta da yacon, cerca de 74,16%, seguida das folhas (24,65%) e flores (1,19%). As plantas apresentaram em média 10 caules, pesando 1,83 kg, e as folhas e flores pesavam aproximadamente 0,61 kg e 0,03 kg, respectivamente. Foi estimado 20 mil plantas por hectare a partir dos dados coletados na área de plantio, que pode gerar quase 50 mil kg de resíduos. Conclusão: Uma vez que os resíduos orgânicos gerados diretamente nas atividades agrícolas são, geralmente, utilizados nos locais de produção como material de baixo valor comercial ou incinerados, eles podem ser fontes alternativas de insumos para outros produtos de valor econômico agregado, como para a extração de fibras de celulose, e consequentemente minimizar os impactos ambientais.

Identification of Endophytic Bacteria from Micropropagated Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) Growing under Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Systems

Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Moraes ◽  
IS de Melo ◽  
VC Joshi ◽  
J Sumyanto ◽  
V Samoylenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius

scholarly journals Anti-diabetes Constituents in Leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Zheng ◽  
He Fan ◽  
Kang Ting-Guo ◽  
Dou De-Qiang ◽  
Gai Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius ◽  
Rp Hplc

The inhibitory effect of smallanthaditerpenic acids A, B, C and D previously isolated from leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacon) on α-glucosidase were examined and their IC50 were determined to be 0.48 mg/mL, 0.59 mg/mL, 1.00 mg/mL, and 1.17 mg/mL respectively. In addition, a rapid, reliable RP-HPLC method for the analysis of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and smallanthaditerpenic acids A and C in yacon leaves was established, and the variation in their contents in leaves from plants cultivated in different places and collected at different times of the year were compared. The established analytical method for determining smallanthaditerpenic acids A and C, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid presented good results and could be used as a method for the quality control of S. sonchifolius leaves.

scholarly journals Study of the effect exerted by fructo-oligosaccharides from yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) root flour in an intestinal infection model with Salmonella Typhimurium

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (11) ◽  
pp. 1971-1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Velez ◽  
Natalia Castillo ◽  
Oscar Mesón ◽  
Alfredo Grau ◽  
María E. Bibas Bonet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius ◽  
Iga Production

Beneficial effects of prebiotics like inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) have been proven in health and nutrition. Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius), an Andean crop, contains FOS (50–70 % of its dry weight) and, therefore, is considered a prebiotic. Commercial FOS can up-regulate total secretory IgA (S-IgA) in infant mice, prevent infection with Salmonella in swine or enhance immune response for Salmonella vaccine in a mouse model. Previously, we found that administration of yacon root flour regulates gut microbiota balance and has immunomodulatory effects without inflammatory responses. The aim of the present paper is to analyse if yacon prevents enteric infection caused by a strain of Salmonella enteritidis serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) in a mouse model. BALB/c mice were supplemented with yacon flour (45 d), challenged with S. Typhimurium and killed to study pathogen translocation, total and specific IgA production by ELISA, presence of IgA and other cytokines and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and clustor of differentiation 206 (CD206) receptors positive cells by immunofluorescence and histological changes. Yacon flour administration had a protective effect from 15 to 30 d of treatment. We found a peak of total S-IgA production without translocation of the pathogen for these periods. At 30 d, there was an increase in IL-6 and macrophage inflammatory proteins-1α+ cells and expression of the receptors CD206 and TLR4. Yacon flour did not have incidence in pathogen-specific S-IgA production. Longer periods (45 d) of administration had no protective effect. Therefore, yacon can prevent enteric infection caused by S. Typhimurium when given up to 30 d; this effect would be mediated by enhancing non-specific immunity, such as total S-IgA, that improves the immunological intestinal barrier.

In vitro evaluation of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) tuber flour prebiotic potential

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Sousa ◽  
Jorge Pinto ◽  
Claúdia Pereira ◽  
F. Xavier Malcata ◽  
M.T. Bertoldo Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Evaluation ◽  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius

The Effect of Yacon Leaf Powder (Smallanthus Sonchifolius) on White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Blood Glucose Levels with High Sugar Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
Thatit Nurmawati ◽  
Sandi Alfa Wiga Arsa ◽  
Nawang Wulandari ◽  
Agus Saparudin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Treatment Dose ◽  
Significant Difference

Maintaining a lifestyle can reduce the incidence of DM (diabetes mellitus). DM occurs due to insulin disorders so that blood glucose levels increase, which can lead to various complications. The management of blood glucose levels by activating the insulin function can be done by using natural ingredients such as the Yakon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) plant. Yakon leaves contain phenol which can reduce blood glucose. The design of this study was experimental with a pre-posttest approach with control-group design, using male and healthy white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Rats were divided into 3 groups, treatment dose 1, treatment dose 2 and control. The rats were given a high carbohydrate diet during 9 weeks to make the rats hyperglycemic. In the treatment group, dose 1 was 150 mg/kg BW, dose 2 was 300 mg kg BW, and was given for 3 days. The results showed that the rats in the treatment group dose 1 had decreased in the average blood sugar level of 114.10 mg / dl (p 0.002) and dose 2 was 105.27 mg / dl (p 0.005). This showed that there was an effect of treatments on blood sugar levels. The comparison results showed that there was a significant difference between the dose 1, the dose 2 group and the control (Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.001 (α) = 0.05). There was no significant difference in the treatment group dose 1 and treatment dose 2 (Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.693, (α) = 0.05). Yakon leaves can be used alternative to lower to control blood glucose levels in rats receiving a high-carbohydrate diet

Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of extracts of leaves and flowers of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius)

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eriel Forville de Andrade ◽  
Roberta de Souza Leone ◽  
Luciana N. Ellendersen ◽  
Maria Lucia Masson
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius

scholarly journals Studies of chemical and enzymatic characteristics of Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) and its flours

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juciane de Abreu Ribeiro Pereira ◽  
Maria de Fátima Píccolo Barcelos ◽  
Michel Cardoso De Angelis Pereira ◽  
Eric Batista Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius ◽  
Total Titratable Acidity ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Peroxidase Enzymes

Due to the importance of studies on yacon related to health, its in natura pulp, in natura peel, pulp flour, and peel flour were chemically analyzed in terms of its centesimal composition, specific minerals, total dietary fiber and fractions, pH, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, tannins, oxalic acid, and nitrate. The polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase enzymatic activities were evaluated for in natura pulp and peel only. Yacon pulp and peel flour presented average yield of 7.94% and 10.86%, respectively. The in natura pulp presented a higher moisture and carboydrate content and lower lipid, protein, total dietary fiber, and ash than those of the peel flour. The same pattern was observed for pulp flour when compared to peel flour. The highest tannin, nitrate, and oxalic acid levels were found in the peel flour, 15,304.5 mg.kg-1, 1,578.3 mg.kg-1, and 7,925.0 mg.kg-1 (wet weight), respectively. The polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase enzymes presented higher enzymatic activity in the yacon peel. Based on the results obtained, it can be said that the yacon and its derivatives are important dietary carbohydrate and mineral sources and contain antinutritional substance contents lower than those harmful to health.

scholarly journals Red Wine and Yacon as a Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Potential

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariia Nagalievska ◽  
Mariya Sabadashka ◽  
Nataliia Sybirna
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius ◽  
Grape Wine ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Active Substances

Phytochemicals derived from different plants are promising therapeutic agents. Herbal compounds can be used under diseases, etiological causes of which are alterations of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolisms, along with increased oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation. Potential sources of biologically active substances may be grape wine, rich in phenolic compounds. Well-studied examples of polyphenols are phenolic acids, catechins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids, etc. Another source of biologically active compounds is yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius Poepp. & Endl.). The aboveground part of yacon is rich in phenolic compounds and terpenes. Main biologically active substances from tuberous roots of yacon are fructooligosaccharides and phenolic compounds. The section will be devoted to the analysis of hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects, and molecular targets of the complex of biologically active substances derived from red wine and yacon.

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