scholarly journals EFFECTS OF THREE ORAL ANALGESICS ON POSTOPERATIVE PAIN FOLLOWING ROOT CANAL PREPARATION: A CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 526-29
Author(s):  
Shahid Islam ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Abubakar Shaikh ◽  
Saqib Rashid ◽  
Tasleem Hosein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Study ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Experienced Pain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Irreversible Pulpitis

Objective: To compare the effect of single dose of three analgesics on postoperative endodontic pain following pulpectomy in teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Study Design: A quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Endodontics Department, Fatima Jinnah Dental College Hospital Karachi, from Jan to Oct 2018. Methodology: In this Double Blind placebo controlled study, 120 subjects coming with the complaint of irreversible pulpitis in any one tooth were randomly allocated into 4 groups. Each group took either naproxen sodium (550mg), ibuprofen (400mg), tramadol (100mg) or placebo medication (multivitamin tablet) immediately after the pulpectomy appointment. A questionnaire was designed to assess the experienced pain based on VAS scale at 6, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively. KruskalWallis test was applied followed by post-hoc analysis to compare the VAS scores by taking p-value ≤0.05 as significant. Results: Pain levels were significantly lower in experimental groups as compared to placebo (p<0.001) but there was no statistically significant difference between the effectiveness of naproxen, ibuprofen and tramadol at 6, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively. Conclusion: Naproxen, Ibuprofen and Tramadol were found to beequally effective in reducing pain after instrumentation in teeth with irreversible pulpitis.

scholarly journals A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study of low dose mirtazapine once daily in patients of major depressive disorders on escitalopram

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Mallikarjuna Rao I. ◽  
Usha Kiran Prayaga ◽  
Dharma Rao Uppada ◽  
Ramachandra Rao E. ◽  
B. L. Kudagi
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: The SSRIs being used as 1st line therapy in treatment of depression have delayed therapeutic effect which makes the patient vulnerable to an increased risk of suicide and decreased adherence to the treatment and will prematurely discontinue the therapy. The present study was conducted to evaluate if low dose mirtazapine-escitalopram combination therapy has any add on benefit over monotherapy with escitalopram.Methods: In a single-centered, comparative study involving patients with depression attending the out-patient after screening and exclusion, 60 eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive tablet mirtazapine 7.5 mg plus tablet escitalopram 10 mg intervention or tablet escitalopram 10 mg plus placebo intervention in a double-blind 6-week treatment phase. The primary outcome measure was the change in the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score from baseline. Participants were evaluated at baseline, 1st, 2nd,4th and 6th week. Results were analyzed using Chi-Square test for adverse effects and independent t-test analysis for efficacy parameter.Results: In the analysis of results at 6th week the numbers of patients achieved remission in mirtazapine group are more with a p-value of 0.018 which is significant and the numbers of responders in mirtazapine group are also more which is statistically significant on chi-square test. There is no significant difference was observed between the two groups with reference to occurrence of adverse effect.Conclusions: Adding low dose mirtazapine has an added benefit in terms of efficacy and getting remission early with more number of responders in the treatment of major depression.

Riluzole for treatment of men with methamphetamine dependence: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad-Hadi Farahzadi ◽  
Ehsan Moazen-Zadeh ◽  
Emran Razaghi ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast ◽  
Reza Bidaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
Urine Test ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Methamphetamine Dependence ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Riluzole is a glutamate regulator and effective in treatment of neuropsychiatric conditions. Aims: We assessed riluzole for treatment of methamphetamine dependence. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, male outpatients with methamphetamine dependence who were 18–65 years old received either 50 mg riluzole ( n=34) or placebo ( n=54) twice daily for 12 weeks. Patients were excluded in case of comorbid serious medical conditions or neurologic disorders, comorbid psychiatric disorders other than methamphetamine dependence requiring specific treatment interventions, simultaneous positive urine test result for substances of abuse other than methamphetamine, smoking >3 days per week, simultaneous consumption of medications which are contraindicated or have interaction with riluzole. Results: Concerning primary outcomes, the cumulative mean number of attended weekly visits was higher in the riluzole arm compared with the placebo arm approaching a statistically significant difference (riluzole, median (range)=13.00 (2.00–13.00); placebo=4.00 (2.00–13.00); Mann-Whitney U=505.00, p-value=0.073), and the weekly measured rate of positive methamphetamine urine test results was significantly lower in the riluzole arm by the end of the study (riluzole=1 (5.00%), placebo=9 (45.00%), p-value=0.004). Patients in the riluzole arm experienced significantly greater improvement on all the craving, withdrawal, and depression measures regarding mean score changes from baseline to endpoint. No significant difference was detected between the two arms in terms of incidence of adverse events. Conclusion: Future randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate proper dosing strategy in a more inclusive sample.

scholarly journals A novel botanical formula improves eye fatigue and dry eye: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juntao Kan ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Hongyue Liu ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Eye Fatigue ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Break Up

ABSTRACT Background With the frequent use of video display units, eye fatigue is becoming more common globally. An alternative nutritional strategy is needed to prevent the aggravation of eye fatigue symptoms. Objectives The objective was to evaluate the protective effect of a novel botanical combination of lutein ester, zeaxanthin, and extracts of blackcurrant, chrysanthemum, and goji berry on adults with eye fatigue in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Methods We randomly allocated 360 participants into 4 groups to receive placebo and 3 doses of our formula (chewable tablets, containing 6 mg, 10 mg, or 14 mg of lutein) once daily for 90 d. Each participant had 3 visits at baseline (V1), 45 d (V2), and 90 d (V3) during the study. Results Intervention with the formula improved individual scores of eye fatigue symptoms, including eye soreness, blurred vision, dry eye, foreign body sensation, and tearing. Compared with placebo, the formula at all 3 doses significantly decreased the total score of eye fatigue symptoms and increased the visuognosis persistence time at both V2 and V3. According to the Schirmer test, both 10-mg and 14-mg lutein formula groups had improved tear secretion at V3 compared with the placebo. The keratography results indicated that the first tear break-up time, average tear break-up time, and tear meniscus height were significantly increased after formula intervention. The formula at all 3 doses significantly increased the macular pigment optical density at V2 and V3 compared with the placebo, whereas optical coherence tomography showed no significant difference in retinal thickness and retinal volume across all groups at both visits. Conclusions Our botanical formula improves eye fatigue, dry eye, and macular function without changing the retinal structure, and thus it could serve as an effective nutritional strategy in improving eye fatigue without causing serious side effects. Clinical Trial Registry: chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR1800018987).

scholarly journals Pengaruh Variasi Warna Pada Fly Grill Terhadap Kepadatan Lalat (Studi di Rumah Pemotongan Ayam Pasar Terban Kota Yogyakarta)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Vinanda Yurika Emerty ◽  
Surahma Asti Mulasari
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control ◽  
Yogyakarta City

Latar Belakang: lalat salah satu vektor mekanik karena menyebabkan penyakit secara tidak langsung. Semua bagian lalat berperan sebagai alat penular penyakit, dari badan, bulu tangan dan kaki, feses, serta muntahannya. Fly Grilladakah salah satu teknik pengendalian lalat dengan melihat kepadatan lalat disuatu tempat. Alat ini dapat diberikan variasi warna karena serangga memiliki ketertarikan kepada gelombang warna yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kepadatan lalat pada variasi warna pada Fly Grill.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen. Perlakuan denganFly Grillyang berbeda warna (kuning, biru, hijau, putih) dan kontrol (bambu tanpa diberi cat).Pengukuran pada tiga titik ukur (0, 1, 2 m dari tempat pemotongan). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunkan uji ANOVA dengan derajat kesalahan α 0,05.dilanjutkan dengan  uji Post hoc Benferroni.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkanada perbedaan signifikan rata rata jumlah lalat yang terperangkap pada Fly Grillyang berbeda warna. Antara Fly Grillwarna kuning- biru diperoleh nilai p value 0,030<α (0,05) artinya terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara Fly Grillwarna kuning dan biru. Sedangkan  antara Fly Grillwarna biru- putih diperoleh nilai p value 0,037<α (0,05) artinya terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara Fly Grillwarna biru dan putih.Simpulan: Ada perbedaan nyara kepadatan lalat pada Fly Grill warna Putih, Kuning, Biru, Hijau, dan Kontrol. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada kepatan lalat pada Fly Grill warna kuning-biru dan Fly Grill warna biru-putih. Warna Kuning paling tinggi kepadatan lalatnya sedangkanwarna biru warna yang paling rendah kepadatan lalatnya ABSTRACT Title : The effects of colour variation on fly grill toward the density of flies: a case study in the chicken abattoir of Terban traditional market,  Yogyakarta Background: Fly is one mechanic vector because it causes disease indirectly. All parts of fly play role in transferring disease, from body, feathers of hands and feet, feces, and vomiting. One technique to understand fly density in one location is to use Fly Grill. This tool can be given varying colors because this insect has attraction to different color waves. A research was done to understand difference of fly densities in various colors of Fly Grill.Method: The research in this study was quasi experimental. The data were collected by using five Fly Grills with different colors (yellow, blue, green, white and control), conducted in three measuring points (0, 1, and 2m) from Chicken slaughterhouse. The collected data were analyzed by using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) with error degree α=0.05followed by the Post hoc Benferroni test.Results: The result was a significant difference in the average number of flies trapped on different colored Fly Grills. Between yellow and blue Fly Grills indicated that p value 0.30 < α(0.05), that means had significant difference between the yellow and blue Fly Grills, and blue and white Fly Grills indicated that p value 0.037 < α(0.05) that means had significant difference between blue and white Fly Grills.Conclusions: There was a difference in the density of flies on the Fly Grill colors White, Yellow, Blue, Green, and Control There was difference of fly densities in yellow-blue Fly Grills and blue-white Fly Grills in the Chicken slaughterhouse (RPA) in Terban Market, Yogyakarta City. Yellow has the highest density of flies while blue has the lowest density of flies 

scholarly journals Tacrolimus in the treatment of myasthenia gravis in patients with an inadequate response to glucocorticoid therapy: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Weibin Liu ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Haifeng Li ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Glucocorticoid Therapy ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

Background To determine the efficacy of low-dose, immediate-release tacrolimus in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) with inadequate response to glucocorticoid therapy in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Methods Eligible patients had inadequate response to glucocorticoids (GCs) after ⩾6 weeks of treatment with prednisone ⩾0.75 mg/kg/day or 60–100 mg/day. Patients were randomized to receive 3 mg tacrolimus or placebo daily (orally) for 24 weeks. Concomitant glucocorticoids and pyridostigmine were allowed. Patients continued GC therapy from weeks 1–4; from week 5, the dose was decreased at the discretion of the investigator. The primary efficacy outcome measure was a reduction, relative to baseline, in quantitative myasthenia gravis (QMG) score assessed using a generalized linear model; supportive analyses used alternative models. Results Of 138 patients screened, 83 [tacrolimus ( n = 45); placebo ( n = 38)] were enrolled and treated. The change in adjusted mean QMG score from baseline to week 24 was −4.9 for tacrolimus and −3.3 for placebo (least squares mean difference: –1.7, 95% confidence interval: −3.5, −0.1; p = 0.067). A post-hoc analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference for QMG score reduction of ⩾4 points in the tacrolimus group (68.2%) versus the placebo group (44.7%; p = 0.044). Adverse event profiles were similar between treatment groups. Conclusions Tacrolimus 3 mg treatment for patients with MG and inadequate response to GCs did not demonstrate a statistically significant improvement in the primary endpoint versus placebo over 24 weeks; however, a post-hoc analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference for QMG score reduction of ⩾4 points in the tacrolimus group versus the placebo group. This study was limited by the low number of patients, the absence of testing for acetylcholine receptor antibody and the absence of stratification by disease duration (which led to a disparity between the two groups). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01325571

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of 5% Tea Tree Oil cream, 10% Tea Tree Oil cream, and 5% Permethrin Cream for Scabies Treatment in Pediatric Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Chesia Christiani Liuwan ◽  
Muhammad Yulianto Listiawan ◽  
Dwi Murtiastutik ◽  
Evy Ervianti ◽  
Sawitri Sawitri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Scabies, an infectious disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei mites, is still one of the most common skin diseases found in developing countries, including Indonesia. The 5% permethrin cream for scabies treatment has been investigated as having 2–3 time to cure scabies. Tea Tree Oil (TTO) is one of the agents that has been proven to have acaricidal potential as an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antipruritic agent. It has minimal side effects in topical use. Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of 5% TTO cream and 10% TTO cream in scabies treatment of pediatric patients. Methods: This was an experimental, analytical study with controlled clinical trial methods, and a double-blind, parallel design comparing 5% TTO cream (treatment 1), 10% TTO cream (treatment 2), with 5% permethrin cream (control) to children with scabies. Result: The 5% TTO cream gave a cure rate of 61.5% and was significantly different from the 5% permethrin cream groups with a p-value = 0.044 in the first week of the study. The 5% permethrin cream gave a cure rate of 15.4%, and the cure rate of 10% TTO cream was 53.8% in the first week of the study. Conclusion: There was a significant difference between the 5% TTO cream and 5% permethrin cream in the first week of the study. The highest and fastest cure rates were found in the 5% TTO cream treatment group.

scholarly journals The Effects of 6-Month Vitamin D Supplementation during the Non-Surgical Treatment of Periodontitis in Vitamin-D-Deficient Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2940
Author(s):  
Marina Perić ◽  
Dominique Maiter ◽  
Etienne Cavalier ◽  
Jérôme F. Lasserre ◽  
Selena Toma
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: This study assessed the effects of weekly vitamin D (VD) supplementation on clinical and biological parameters after scaling and root planning (SRP) in the treatment of periodontitis and served to validate the VD dosage regimen. Methods: It was a monocentric, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with 6 months follow-up. Healthy Caucasian periodontitis patients presenting serum 25(OH) vitamin D3 below 30 ng/mL were randomly allocated to test group (SRP + VD 25,000 international units (IU)/week) or the control group (SRP + placebo). Results: A total of 59 patients were screened, 27 were included and 26 completed 3 months (M) and 21 completed 6M control. Test (n = 13) and control groups (n = 14) had similar 25(OH) vitamin D3 levels at baseline (17.6 ± 7.4 vs. 14.4 ± 5.2, respectively). After one month, there was a significant difference between groups (32.9 ± 5.2 vs. 16.1 ± 4.7), also seen at M3 and M6 (t-test, p < 0.001). Periodontal treatment was successful in both groups, since it resulted in a reduction of all measured clinical parameters at M3 and M6 (probing pocket depth (PPD), full mouth bleeding and plaque). However, the reduction in PPD was greater in the test group. Conclusions: In this short-term pilot study, no significant differences were observed between two groups. However, supplementation with VD tended to improve the treatment of periodontitis in patients with initial 25(OH) vitamin D3 < 30 ng/mL and proved safe and efficacious. NCT03162406.

scholarly journals Multi-Modal Analgesic Technique for Pain Control in Patients Undergoing Diagnostic Gynecological Laparoscopy: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1324-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherin Refaat ◽  
Ashraf Ali Mawgood ◽  
Mohamed Al Sonbaty ◽  
Maged Gamal ◽  
Abdelrazik Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Recruitment Maneuver ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Rescue Analgesia ◽  
Gynaecological Laparoscopy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analgesic Technique ◽  
Pulmonary Recruitment Maneuver

BACKGROUND: Advancement in minimally invasive laparoscopic surgeries make it one of the best choices for both the surgeon and the patient. The anesthesiologist had to improve the techniques used to control post-operative pain. AIM: In this study, we hyposethized that multi-modal analgesic technique which is a combination of two simple techniques (intraperitoneal lidocaine and pulmonary recruitment) allow better result than using only one of them. PATIENTS AND METHOD: This randomised controlled, double-blind study was conducted in Kasr-Alainy hospital, faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Egypt from September 2017 till February 2018. Fifty female patients, scheduled for diagnostic gynecologic laparoscopy were included in the study. Patients were randomly allocated using random computer allocation with numbered closed opaque envelopes into four study group. GM (n = 12): Patients received pulmonary recruitment maneuver and intra-peritoneal Lidocaine, GL (n = 13): Patients received intra-peritoneal Lidocaine, GP (n = 13): Patients received Pulmonary Recruitment Maneuver, GC (n = 12): Patients received passive exsufflation through the port site. In the ward, patients were asked to fulfil a questionnaire about pain severity using (VAS) at 1, 3, 6-hour post-operative both the patients and the anesthesiologist that assess the (VAS) were blind of the patient group RESULTS: Regarding pain score between groups VAS 1 (the primary outcome) was lowest in GM {4.5 (3-5)} in comparison with other groups (P value = 0.015). While VAS 3 & VAS 6 wasn’t statistically significant between groups. Regarding Time of first rescue analgesia; GM {3 (1.75-4)} showed the longest time in between groups (P-value = 0.042). As regard nausea and vomiting; there was no statistically significant difference in in-between groups. CONCLUSION: Application of Multi-modal analgesic technique allows better analgesia for a longer duration than the use of the sole technique for control of abdominal pain in patients undergoing diagnostic gynaecological laparoscopy.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Gemfibrozil as an Adjunct to Sertraline in Major Depressive Disorder, A Double-Blind, Randomized, and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Zandifar ◽  
Rahim Badrfam ◽  
Ahmad Shamabadi ◽  
Shakiba Jalilevand ◽  
Shayan Pourmirbabaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is predicted to be the first cause of burden of disease. The antidepressant activity of gemfibrozil has been recently considered. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of gemfibrozil as a sertraline adjunct in treating patients with MDD. Method: A total of 46 patients with MDD based on the DSM-V criteria with a minimum score of 22 on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) were randomized to receive either 300 mg daily gemfibrozil or placebo in addition to 100 mg sertraline for 8 weeks in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Patients were evaluated for response to treatment using the HAM-D score at baseline and weeks 2, 4, and 8. Results: Forty-five patients completed the study and took part in all follow-up visits. Repeated measure ANOVA with a Greenhouse-Geisser correction showed a significant difference for time×treatment interaction on within-subjects HAM-D scores [p–value= 0.026]. A significant difference was seen in time [p–value < 0.001]. The test of between-subject effects also showed a significant effect of treatment on HAM-D scores at weeks 2, 4, and 8 [p–value = 0.07]. Using KaplanMeier estimate curves, time to remission periods were significantly different between the 2 trial arms [Log-Rank p–value = 0.003]. Conclusion: Gemfibrozil is an effective adjunctive treatment in MDD and can be used to reduce depression symptoms.

scholarly journals Effect of Premedication with Ibuprofen, Paracetamol and Diclofenac Sodium on the Outcome of Maxillary Infiltration Anaesthesia in Patients with Irreversible Pulpitis- A Double-blind Randomised Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelikani Lakshmikanth Manoj ◽  
Avinash Patil ◽  
Sanjana Patil ◽  
Suresh Shenvi
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Irreversible Pulpitis

Introduction: The most important aspect of endodontic treatment is pain control. The quest for newer ways of pain control is always a topic of interest among the researchers. Though local anaesthesia proved to be the effective method of pain control, there are many instances of failure to achieve successful anaesthesia even with proper technique of administration in cases of irreversible pulpitis. Aim: To determine the effect of Preoperative Oral Administration of Paracetamol (PARA), Ibuprofen (IBUP) or Diclofenac Sodium (DS) on the success of maxillary infiltration anaesthesia in patients with irreversible pulpitis in a double-blinded randomised controlled trial. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty patients having irreversible pulpitis of a maxillary first molar were selected for this prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients indicated their pain scores on a Heft Parker visual analog scale, after which they were randomly divided into four groups (n=30). The subjects received identical capsules containing either 500 mg PARA, 400 mg IBUP, 50 mg DS or 400 mg lactose powder (placebo, PLAC), 1 hour before administration of maxillary infiltration anaesthesia with 2% lidocaine containing 1:80,000 epinephrine. Access cavities were then prepared and anaesthesia was defined as successful if pain is absent or patient has mild pain during access preparation and pulp extirpation. The data was analysed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple post-hoc tests. p-value at <0.05 to be considered significant. Results: The success rates in descending order were 65% (IBUP), 60.83% (DS), 58.33% (PARA), and 20% (PLAC). A significant (p-value 0.0001) difference was found between the drug groups and the PLAC group. Conclusion: Preoperative administration of PARA (500 mg), IBUP (400 mg), and DS (50 mg) significantly improved the efficiency of maxillary infiltration anaesthesia in patients with irreversible pulpitis.

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