DETERMINATION OF NORMAL THYROID TECHNETIUM-99M UPTAKE VALUE IN A SINGLE CENTRE PAKISTANI POPULATION

Objective: To determine the normal value of thyroid Technetium-99m uptake value in a single centre Pakistani population. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Nuclear Medical Centre, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from Feb 2019 to Apr 2020. Methodology: A total of 90 patients who presented to Nuclear Medical Centre for parathyroid dual radiopharmaceutical scintigraphy were included in study and selected by non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Thyroid uptake studies were calculated via gamma camera acquisition. Pre injection counts were taken from the Technetium-99m pertechnetate filled syringe, thyroid counts were taken from the anterior thyroid image 20 minutes post injection and to look for any residual radiopharmaceutical counts of the empty syringe were also taken. Results: Out of total of 90 patients, 32 (35.6%) were male while 58 (64.4%) were female with male to female ratio of 1:2. The mean age was 38.4 ± 12.7. Mean Thyroid Stimulating Hormone values were 1.6 ± 0.8 and mean T4 values were 11.9 ± 3.5. The 5th-95th percentile range was 0.4-2.2% and median was 1.2%. The interquartile range was calculated to be 0.9-1.5%. Conclusion: Normal value of thyroid Technetium-99m uptake value in a single centre Pakistani population values varies significantly as compared to global figures i.e. 0.3-4.5% and is different than the one used in our own department i.e. 0.5-2.0%.

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Health Problems of Elderly Patients attending Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh ◽

10.3329/jafmc.v13i1.41008 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 8-12

Author(s):

SM Humayun Kabir ◽

Md Ziaul Islam ◽

Masuda Begum ◽

Masud Ahmed ◽

Mohammad Mohsin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elderly Patients ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Family Income ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Armed Forces ◽

The Elderly ◽

Health Problems ◽

Military Hospital ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction: Health problems of elderly are an emerging health burden throughout the world. Bangladesh is currently undergoing a demographic transition and the proportion of the population of 60 years and older is increasing rapidly. Health care providers and policymakers are highly concerned with this burning issue. Objective: To know the disease pattern among the elderly patients in Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2015 to June 2016 among 152 elderly patients above 60 years of age admitted in Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka Cantonment. Data were collected by face-to-face interview with semi-structured questionnaire and checklist following purposive sampling technique. Analysis of data was done by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, version 20.0). Results: Mean age of the elderly was 72.06±4.56 years with the range of 60-80 years and majority (90.8%) of the elderly was male. Out of total 152 elderly patients, by occupation majority (31.6%) were in the business group followed by 30.3% in the retired group and 9.2 % in the housewife group. Average monthly family income was BDT 17927.63±7360.75 with the range of BDT 6000-35000. With initial complaints elderly patients reported to doctors in private chamber (38.2%), private hospital (25.6%) and Govt hospital (5.9%). Among all of the elderly patients, majority (21.1%) had Diabetes Mellitus followed by Rheumatoid Arthritis (17.6%), Asthma (12.5%), Cataract (11.2%), ENT problem (6.6%), Malignancy (5.9%) and Benign Enlargement of Prostate 8(5.3%). Conclusion: The number of elderly people is expanding rapidly; it also presents multifaceted health problems and thus creates unique challenges for the national healthcareservices. Early identification of problem and ensuring the availability of health with economic and social support can have a control over the elderly health problems. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 8-12

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Correlation of lip profile preferences in Pakistani population; and its comparison with orthodontic norms

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ◽

10.47391/jpma.855 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hashim Bin Mansoor ◽

Zahra Khalid ◽

Abdullah Jan ◽

Rumeesha Zaheer

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pakistani Population ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Difference Of Opinion ◽

General Dentists ◽

Group B ◽

Treatment Seekers

Objective: To determine the most desired lip profile and compare the subjective sense of aesthetics among orthodontists, general dentists and the general population. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Orthodontic Department of the Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January 1 to February 25, 2020, and comprised different silhouettes for each gender with increasing lip procumbence from -6mm to +6mm with respect to Rickett’s E-line which were created using Photoshop CS 8.0 after cephalometric analysis of 20 cephalograms. The sample comprised an equal number of orthodontists in group A, general dentists in group B and orthodontic treatment-seekers in group C with equal representation of the two genders. Data was analysed using SPSS 24. Results: Of the 180 subjects, there were 60(33.3%) in each of the three groups, with 30(50%) males and as many females in all the groups. All the three groups preferred the average lip profile for males (p=0.018) and 2mm procumbent lips for females (p=0.008). There was significant difference of opinion between groups A and C (p=0.034) and between groups B and C (p=0.022). Conclusion: There was found to be a marked difference of opinion among the orthodontists, the general dentists and the orthodontic treatment-seekers regarding the desired lip profile. Key Words: Aesthetics, Pakistani population, Cephalometrics, Lip profile. Continuous...

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EFFECT OF PREANALYTICAL VARIABLES ON SERUM THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE ANALYSIS BY CHEMILUMINESCENCE METHOD

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v71isuppl-1.6202 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (Suppl-1) ◽

pp. S102-05

Author(s):

Ambreen Rehman ◽

Naveed Asif ◽

Saima Shakeel Malik ◽

Waqas Sheikh ◽

Quratulain . ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Venous Blood ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Specimen Handling ◽

Tsh Levels ◽

Stimulating Hormone

Objective: To identify effect of pre-analytical variables on serum thyroid stimulating hormone. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) Rawalpindi, Department of Chemical Pathology & Endocrinology, from Mar 2018 to Aug 2018. Methodology: Hundred subjects with ages ranging from 18 to 34 years, irrespective of gender, were randomly selected for this study. Five milliliters venous blood sample was collected from each subject in a serum separator and divided into two aliquots. First aliquot was centrifuged and analyzed immediately for TSH, while second aliquot was stored for 24 hours and was then analyzed. TSH was measured by third generation assay usingchemiluminescence technique on ADVIA Centaur® XP. Serum TSH levels were also analyzed twice daily; in the morning (0800 to 0900 hours) and afternoon (1400 to 1600 hours). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Frequency and percentages were calculated for qualitative variables like gender and pre-analytical variables. Test of significance Mann-Whitney U-test was applied and p-value <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Mean age of subjects was 23 ± 3.4 years. Change in circadian rhythm was observed in 17 (28%) males and 14 (36%) females. Statistically significant association was found between morning and evening TSH levels, while no change was observed in TSH level by early and late centrifugation of samples. Conclusion: TSH levels vary significantly between blood samples collected at different timings of the day from the same person. TSH is resistant to degradation, immunologically stable, and reasonably insensitive to potential problems associated with routine specimen handling, when measured by immunoassay technique. Therefore, it is helpful in large epidemiological studies and small size laboratory, which require long transportation time and storage.

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Prevalence of Anti-Red Cell Antibodies in Repeatedly Transfused Patients

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh ◽

10.3329/jafmc.v14i1.42728 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 73-77

Author(s):

Masuma Ahmed Salsabil ◽

Ashesh Kumar Chowdhury ◽

Debashish Saha ◽

Arif Ahmed Khan ◽

Sazia Sultana

Keyword(s):

Haemolytic Anaemia ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Red Cell ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Transfusion Therapy ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Medical College ◽

Male Female Ratio ◽

Immune Haemolytic Anaemia

Introduction: The development of anti-RBC antibodies (alloantibodies and/or autoantibodies) can significantly complicate transfusion therapy, particularly in patients needed repeated transfusion. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of alloantibodies and autoantibodies in repeatedly transfused patients so that serious hazards due to immune reaction may be avoided. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Department of Immunology, BIRDEM and Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) during the period of July 2015 to June 2016. Total 370 patients who had received at least five units of transfusions were enrolled in this study but known patients of auto immune haemolytic anaemia, patients in whom antibody was previously detected and pregnant women were excluded from the study. Blood grouping and Direct Anti-globulin Test (DAT) were performed with cell suspension using a poly-specific Coombs reagent. In cases of a positive DAT, further investigation using specific monoclonal reagents to detect IgG or a complement (C3d) was carried out. Serum was used to detect red cell alloantibodies using standard blood bank methods. Antibody identification was performed in antibody screening positive samples using red cell Identicells. Results: Maximum 132 (35.7%) patients were in the age group 1-10 years. The male-female ratio was 1.2:1. Among 370 total patients 290 were HHA and 80 were non-HHA. Antibody was detected in only 17(4.59%) patients. Among the Hereditary Haemolytic Anaemia (HHA) patients it was 11 (3.79%) but among the non-HHA patients it was 6(7.5%). Out of 8 auto-antibodies, 5 were anti IgG followed by 3 were anti C3d. Out of 14 alloantibodies, 4(28.6%) were anti E, 3(21.4%) were anti K and in 3(21.4%) cases specificity of alloantibody was not detected. Conclusion: Prevalence of anti-RBC antibodies was not so uncommon in multiple transfused patients. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 73-77

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Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 pandemic among medical students of Ernakulam, India

Journal of Ideas in Health ◽

10.47108/jidhealth.vol4.issspecial1.103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (Special1) ◽

pp. 337-342

Author(s):

Jacob Davies Kalliath ◽

Anuradha Kizhatil ◽

Brilly M Rose ◽

Ann Mary Kuncheria ◽

Alexander John

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Disease Transmission ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Medical College ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: COVID – 19 infection is a serious pandemic the world is now facing. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 infection among medical students at a private medical college in central Kerala. Methods: A cross-sectional web-based study was conducted during April-May 2020 in a private medical college in Ernakulam District using the Universal sampling technique. The study tool was a semi-structured validated questionnaire containing sociodemographic details and questions on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding COVID-19 infection. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: A total of 288 students were included in the study, with a mean age of 21±1.4. The male-to-female ratio was 2.75:1. Medical students showed adequate knowledge (81.6%), attitude (91.3%), and practice (84.7%) towards the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. The main symptoms of COVID-19 infection were known to at least 83% of the participants. The majority (85.4%) were aware that there is no specific treatment for COVID-19 infection and 90% were aware of the main modes of the disease transmission. The majority (99%) of the medical students believed that COVID-19 infection could be prevented through social distancing, wearing masks, and the practice of self-hygiene. About 75.6% believed that government measures for prevention are adequate. Steam inhalation, saline gargling, and consumption of vitamin C-rich foodstuffs were the main specific measures adopted. Older age and female gender were found to be associated with better knowledge. Conclusion: Adequate KAP levels among medical students in this study are attributable to the current lockdown and the strict government measures to contain the infection.

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LEVETIRACETAM USE, AVAILABILITY AND KNOWLEDGE OF TOXICITY AMONG EPILEPTIC PATIENTS AND THEIR CARE GIVERS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN KING SALMAN ARMED FORCES HOSPITAL TABUK SAUDI ARABIA

10.36106/ijsr/9731991 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Olayan Alatawi ◽

Faisal Alzahrani ◽

Nasrin S Saiyed

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Side Effect ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Givers ◽

Epileptic Patients ◽

Study Participants

Background: Levetiracetam (Keppra®) is a well-known second-generation anti-epileptic drug (AED). The study was aimed to addresses Levetiracetam use, availability and knowledge of toxicity among epileptic patients and their care givers in King Salman Armed Forces Hospital Tabuk Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in King Salman Armed Forces Hospital (KSAFH) in Tabuk city in Saudi Arabia. The study participants were epileptic patients and their care givers, selected from different outpatient departments using a convenient sampling technique. Data was collected using an Arabic self-reported questionnaire consisted of open-ended and closed-ended questions to facilitate study participants. Altogether, 381 persons answered the full questionnaire. The data were entered into SPSS version 26.0 for Windows, cleaned and managed before analysis. Results: Participants age ranged from 18 to 63 years, with a mean 29.6 years and standard deviation 5.8 years. 47.0% (n= 179) were male and 53.0% (n= 202) female. Six out of ten participants lived in the urban area (67.7%). Majority of the participants had knowledge about seizures (96.9%). About 31.0% of the participants and/or patients had seizures (epilepsy) since more than 20 years. Nearly 28.0% participants and/or patients had family history of seizures (epilepsy). Majority of the participants had Levetiracetam at home and aware of the correct usage of it. However, about 11% of the participants felt that Levetiracetam is used to help sleep. Eight out of ten of the participants reported “Sleepiness” as the side effect of Levetiracetam (79.3%). Half of the participants reported “Headache” as the side effect of Levetiracetam. About 94.0% of the participants knew that someone could take enough Levetiracetam to harm themselves. Conclusion: The study population used Levetiracetam, they demonstrated basic awareness of Levetiracetam use including the potential consequences of overdosing. Participants' knowledge regarding the toxicity of Levetiracetam is adequate. Special awareness programs for parents of children with epilepsy may be needed to reduce the knowledge gaps in the management of epilepsy and to ensure compliance and optimal therapeutic outcomes.

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Pattern of Common Inherited Coagulation Disorders: Evaluation of 100 Cases

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh ◽

10.3329/jafmc.v15i1.48646 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 64-66

Author(s):

Mohammed Nuruzzaman Bhuiyan ◽

Maj Gen Susane Giti ◽

Mohammed Mosleh Uddin ◽

Monwar Tarek ◽

Lutfunnahar Khan

Keyword(s):

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽

Haemophilia A ◽

Age Group ◽

Coagulation Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Coagulation Defect

Introduction: The bleeding disorders having inherited abnormality of haemostasis may present with significant difficulties in diagnosis and management. The overall frequency of these disorders in the general population is low. Objectives: To study the frequency of inherited coagulation disorders and their prevalent clinical manifestations. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross sectional study of one hundred patients of all age group and both sexes was organized as both in-patient and out-patient based in the Department of haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) from July 2012 to June 2013. Results: In this study, out of 100 patients, haemophilia A, diagnosed in 75% patients, was the most common disorder. Age group ranging from 5-15 years constituted 48% of total patients. Male to female ratio of patients having hereditary coagulation defect was 73:2 in haemophilia A whereas 2:3 in vWD. Consanguinity was documented in 60% of vWD and 24% of haemophilia A. The most common clinical symptom in hereditary coagulation defect (HCD) was echymosis (60%). The most common presenting feature of haemophilia was haematoma (57.95%) whereas menorrhagia was the most common presentation of female patients with vWD. Among 97 patients of haemophilia and vWD, 59(60.82%) cases were in mild form and 04(4.12%) cases were found to have severe coagulation defect. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is the most common modality of treatment in HCD. Conclusion: It has become the need of the time to find out such a cost effective diagnostic parameter to make an early diagnosis of inherited coagulation disorders. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.15 (1) 2019: 64-66

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Frequency of incidental ocular findings during pre-employment screening at a tertiary care Eye hospital

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.37.3.3177 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Summaya Khan ◽

Aisha Rafique ◽

Omar Zafar

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Age Groups ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Creative Commons ◽

Ocular Findings ◽

Employment Screening ◽

Medical Fitness

Objective: To highlight the prevalence of incidentally discovered ocular findings harvested amongst candidates of different age groups presented for pre-employment screening in a tertiary care eye hospital. Methods: This Cross sectional prospective study was conducted in Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, from Jun 2018 to Dec 2019. Data was collected using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. All candidates who appeared for medical fitness examination were included. Candidates belonged to various regions of Pakistan. Complete ophthalmic checkup including visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment examination was performed. The data analysis was done by IBM SPSS 2.0 software. Results: One thousand and five hundred (1500) candidates underwent ophthalmic medical fitness examination during Jun 2018 to Dec 2019, out of these 86% (1290) were males and 14% (210) were females. Mean age of the candidates was 23.14 ± 5.66 years. The most common incidental ocular findings were amblyopia 24.6% (369), strabismus 10% (150), cataract 7.3% (110), macular scar 6.5% (100) and colour vision deficiencies 5.5% (82). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that out of total patients, 77% (1095) were found to be asymptomatic and 23% (405) were symptomatic. The study provides frequency for prevailing diseases and can help in improvement of eye care screening. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3177 How to cite this:Khan S, Rafique A, Zafar O. Frequency of incidental ocular findings during preemployment screening at a tertiary care Eye hospital. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3177 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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METAL RESTORATIONS;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.04.230 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Lubna Memon ◽

Muhammad Rizwan Memon ◽

Aamir Mehmood Butt ◽

Madiha Waqas Memon

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Dental Prostheses ◽

Metal Ceramic ◽

Fixed Dental Prostheses ◽

Fixed Prosthesis ◽

Age Range

Introduction: Aesthetic is the most important consideration for the replacement of missing teeth. Traditional metal-ceramic fixed dental prostheses are stronger, clinically recognized, and reliable and will therefore persist the first consideration. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro. Period: October 2015 to September 2016. Material and Methods: Using non probability consecutive sampling technique. Data from 120 patients regarding effect of age on appearance after providing metal-ceramic fixed prosthesis were collected using the method of interview and examination. Results: The male to female ratio was 1:1.4 with a mean age of 30 years and standard deviation (SD) 10.88. 120 Patients were divided in four age groups. Out of Sixty-six patients with age range from 19 to 30 years, thirty-eight were found to be completely satisfied. Out of 21 patients of 31-40 years old, eighteen were aesthetically satisfied. In another group comprises of 24 patients with an age range 41-50, seventeen showed completely satisfaction. Another group, age range from 51-60 that showed 9 patients, in which six patients were satisfied with fixed prosthesis. Conclusion: Most of the patients in this study were satisfied after providing prostheses. Middle age (31-40years) patients showed more satisfaction comparative to other age groups.

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Prevalence of Speech Sound Disorders among Primary School Children

Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College ◽

10.35787/jimdc.v9i3.283 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 195-200

Author(s):

Iqra Aslam ◽

Nazia Mumtaz ◽

Ghulam Saqulain

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Speech Sound ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Communication Disorders ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Speech Sound Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio

Background: Communication Disorders are common and affect individual’s abilities to comprehend, detect and use language and speech, with speech sound disorders (SSD) being the most common communication issue of the youth. SSD is a disorder of development with difficulty in articulation and phonology affecting understanding and intelligibility of speech of a child. It affects the scholarly accomplishment in school as well. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of speech sound disorders among primary school going children. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, recruiting a sample of 377 children through probability sampling technique from May 2018 to December 2018. Students of both genders, aged 4 to 8 years, were enrolled from Government Primary Schools of Mandi Bahauddin District, Punjab Pakistan. Students from private and special schools were excluded. Tool for Assessment of Articulation and Phonology in Urdu (TAAPU) was used to collect data, followed by data analysis using SPSS version 20. Results: Of 377 primary school children, 167(44.3%) were males and 210 (55.7%) were females with a male to female ratio of 1:1.26. Speech Sound Disorder was detected in 5 (1.3%) children, 4 males and only 1 female. Of these 5 cases with SSD, 3 (60%) males suffered from substitution and 1(20%) from omission, while 1 (20%) female child suffered from substitution disorder. Conclusion: The prevalence of Speech Sound Disorders in primary school children is very low being 1.3%, with significantly higher prevalence in males aged 61-72 months. “Substitution” of sounds is more common compared to “omission”.

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