scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF LATTICE DEGENERATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC SEROUS CHORIO-RETINOPATHY

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2144-47
Author(s):  
Farooq Ul Abidin ◽  
Muhammad Haroon Sarfaraz ◽  
Hassaan Javaid ◽  
Asfandyar Khan ◽  
Summaya Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Peripheral Retina ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Lattice Degeneration ◽  
Study Participants

Objective: To establish the association of lattice degeneration in patients with chronic serous chorio-retinopathy at tertiary care ophthalmology hospital. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, from Sep 2019 to Dec 2020. Methodology: The sample population comprised of 80 subjects which included 40 cases of chronic serous chorio-retinopathy and 40 controls. Chronic serous chorio-retinopathy was diagnosed by consultant ophthalmologist on basis of fluorescein angiography and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Peripheral retinal examination was done among all the study participants to look for lattice degeneration. Pearson chi-square test was applied to look for the relationship of various factors with lattice degeneration including the presence of chronic serous chorio-retinopathy. Results: Two groups with equal number of subjects were included in the study. Mean age of the study participants was 49.14 ± 2.93 years. 60 (75.0%) participants were male while 20 (25%) were female. Fifty four (67.5%) had no lattice degeneration while 26 (32.5%) showed the presence of lattice degeneration on detailed ophthalmic examination. Chi-square test showed that having chronic serous chorio-retinopathy and use of steroids were statistically significantly associated with presence of lattice degeneration among the study participants. Conclusion: Chronic serous chorio-retinopathy emerged as a condition strongly associated with lattice degeneration of peripheral retina. Use of topical or systemic steroids also increased the chances of developing lattice degeneration in our study population.

scholarly journals FREQUENCY OF REFRACTIVE ERROR AND AMBLYOPIA IN STRABISMUS IN PEDIATRIC AGE GROUP

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-08
Author(s):  
Noureen Malik ◽  
Hannan Masud ◽  
Imran Basit ◽  
Palwasha Noor
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Distance Fixation

Objective: To see the frequency and compare the type of refractive error and strabismus in amblyopic versus non amblyopic children. Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, from Jan to Jul 2019. Methodology: The sample population comprised of 250 patients of new or previously diagnosed children with refractive error and strabismus presenting at children eye outdoor patient department of armed forces institute of ophthalmology. Strabismus was diagnosed by the consultant eye specialist on the basis of heterotropia at near or distance fixation. Amblyopia and refracttive error was assessed by a trained optometrist. Patients were classified into amblyopia and non- amblyopia groups. The type of squint and refractive error was noted down along with demographic details. Chi square test was used to assess thesignificance of association between various categorical variables. Results: A total of 250 participants were included with a mean age of 5.00 ± 1.07 years. Out of total, 132 (52.8%) were males while 118 (47.2%) were females. One hundred and fifty (59.5%) patients were suffering from amblyopia while 100 (39.5%) patients were normal with comparable vision in both the eyes. Out of 150 amblyopic patients 134 (89.3%) were suffering from unilateral amblyopia while 16 (10.6%) patients had amblyopia in both the eyes. Out of refractive errors astigmatism was present in 83 (55.3 %) of amblyopia patients while hypermetropia was present in 54 (36%) of the patients. Out of total patients of strabismus, 95 (63.3%) of non-alternating esotropic patients..........

scholarly journals Patient Attitudes towards Physician Nonverbal Behaviors during Consultancy: Result from a Developing Country

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Hanif Khan ◽  
Raheela Hanif ◽  
Rumina Tabassum ◽  
Waris Qidwai ◽  
Kashmira Nanji
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Nonverbal Behaviors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background. Nonverbal behaviors have a significant impact on patients during consultations. This study was undertaken to find out the attitudes and preferences of the patients regarding nonverbal communication during consultations with physicians, in a tertiary care hospital. Methods. A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was carried out at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, during the months of January to March 2012. All patients (>18 years of age) coming for consultancy in the family medicine clinics were approached; out of 133, 120 agreed to participate. The subjects were asked questions regarding physician’s comforting touch and eye contact and their responses were noted. The data were analyzed using SPSS and chi-square test was used to identify corelations. Results. Overall, 120 patients were enrolled. About 58.3% were men and 41.7% were women with a mean age of 34.9±10.9 years. 95.8% were Muslims and 57.6% had more than 12 years of education. Among females 74% wanted supportive touch from doctors, used to comfort the patient (45%) or to show respect (27.5%) or as healing (30%). 86.1% of the respondents believe that establishing eye contact with the patient shows that the doctor is attentive towards his/her patient. The eye contact should be brief but regular (54.1%) and prolonged staring (36.7%) makes them uncomfortable. Conclusion. Nonverbal communication helps to strengthen the doctor-patient relation as patients do appreciate positive touch and eye contact from their physicians.

scholarly journals Survival outcomes of trachea esophageal fistula in infant

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1680
Author(s):  
S. Prabkaran ◽  
K. Kasthuri Thilagam
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Esophageal Fistula ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cardiovascular Defects ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Type 3

Background: Tracheo-esophageal fistula (TEF) is a rare congenital abnormality often associated with several other anomalies including renal, vertebral column, gastrointestinal or cardiovascular defects. This study was carried out to evaluate the outcome of trachea esophageal fistula among patients who underwent various surgeries for the anastomosis of trachea esophageal fistula.Methods: This study was conducted as a record based cross sectional study among 88 patients who were diagnosed and treated for trachea-esophageal fistula in tertiary care hospital between 2015 and 2018. Data regarding the type of anomaly, presence of associated anomalies, type of surgery and outcomes were documented. Findings of echocardiography and ultrasonography were also documented. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Chi square test was used to evaluate the outcome of the surgical procedures for management of TEF.Results: Majority of the participants in our study belong to <1 month of age and were males (56.8%). Type 3 tracheo esophageal fistula (80.7%) was the most common type. Associated cardiovascular anomalies were present in 50% of the participants. Thoracotomy with TEF repair was most preferred surgery (76%). Present study demonstrated that surgical techniques improve the physical and physiological outcome of the patients (p <0.05).Conclusions: Trachea esophageal fistula needs to be corrected with surgical procedure. Modern techniques like thorocoscopic anastomosis, thorocosopic techniques to achieve an anastomosis can also be explored. Future studies may be directed in detecting congenital anomalies during the pre-natal period with the help of genetic techniques.

scholarly journals A National Survey to Assess the COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Conspiracy Beliefs, Acceptability, Preference, and Willingness to Pay among the General Population of Pakistan

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 720
Author(s):  
Muhammad Subhan Arshad ◽  
Iltaf Hussain ◽  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Khezar Hayat ◽  
Abdul Majeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Participants

The current study aims to assess the beliefs of the general public in Pakistan towards conspiracy theories, acceptance, willingness to pay, and preference for the COVID-19 vaccine. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online self-administered questionnaire during January 2021. The Chi-square test or Fisher exact test was utilized for statistical data analysis. A total of 2158 respondents completed the questionnaire, among them 1192 (55.2%) were male with 23.87 (SD: ±6.23) years as mean age. The conspiracy beliefs circulating regarding the COVID-19 vaccine were believed by 9.3% to 28.4% of the study participants. Among them, 1040 (48.2%) agreed to vaccinate on its availability while 934 (43.3%) reported the Chinese vaccine as their preference. The conspiracy beliefs of the participants were significantly associated with acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. The existence of conspiracy beliefs and low vaccine acceptance among the general population is a serious threat to successful COVID-19 vaccination.

scholarly journals Extra canal in permanent maxillary first molar in patients undergoing root canal treatment at a tertiary care dental hospital, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Archana Gharti ◽  
Neera Joshi ◽  
Kranti Prajapati ◽  
Sharada Devi Wagle ◽  
Suraj Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Conservative Dentistry ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Permanent maxillary first molar normally has three root canals but it can have extra root canals for which several studies were done in many parts of the globe. However, this type of study to explore extra canal is lagging in the context of Nepal. Objectives: The objective was to determine the percentage of extra canal in permanent maxillary first molar in patients undergoing root canal treatment and to compare the same between male and female. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of conservative dentistry and endodontics of People’s Dental College and Hospital from 20th December 2019 to 20th December 2020 after receiving ethical approval from Nepal Health Research Council on 18th December 2019 (ERB protocol No 888/2019) . One hundred and eighty permanent maxillary first molar teeth without root canal calcification were enrolled. Convenient sampling was done. Access opening was done and all canal orifices were located and recorded. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 with frequency table. Chi-square test was used for inferential statistics. Results: Out of 180 teeth, extra canals were present in 44(24.4%) having more numbers in male than in females. Extra canal was present in the mesiobuccal root. Conclusion: Extra canal in the permanent maxillary first molar is present in Nepalese population with greater number in male than in female. Thus, exploration of the pulp chamber in search of an extra canal is necessary to prevent failure of root canal treatment.

scholarly journals Knowledge and practices of recording and maintaining patients ‘dental records among private dental practitioners of Delhi, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. e214995
Author(s):  
Gurkiran Kaur ◽  
Abhishek Mehta ◽  
Aastha Sahani ◽  
Shradha Malik
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dental Records ◽  
Study Participants

Proper recording and keeping dental records are an important part of any dental practice. It helps in improving patient care, has medico-legal importance and play significant role in human identification during mass disasters or criminal offences. Aim: To assess the knowledge and practices of recording and maintaining patients ‘records among private dental practitioners of Delhi, India. Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study was collected from 160 dentists of Delhi using a self-administered questionnaire. The face and content validity as well as reliability of questionnaire was tested before the final data collection. A single trained examiner collected all the necessary information via personal visits or google forms. Chi-square test was applied to check the statistically significant difference between the dichotomous independent variables with respect to study participants’ responses to the questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 34.5 (SD 7.2) years.Digital method of recording patient’s data and x-ray storage was more prevalent than manual method among the study participants. Slightly more than 40% of the dentists were keeping patient’s records safe for a period of 6 to 10 years. Younger dentists with lesser years of practice were more explicit in recording and correcting patient records. Conclusion: Results of this study shows that private dental practitioners of Delhi are aware of medico-legal importance of dental records. Most of them were recording important findings and history of their patients. Dentists must be educated in two aspects namely correct method of recording and the ideal duration of storing their patients’ dental records.

Effect of Class Attendance on Medical Student's Academic Performance - An Observational Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Mushtaq Ahmad ◽  
Farial Naima Rahman ◽  
Md Mozaharul Islam Shawon ◽  
Mohammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Test ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Class Attendance ◽  
Final Exams ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Clear Idea

This cross sectional study was conducted at Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Dhaka from October 2015 to September 2016. A total of 475 students belonged to four different phase groups were selected as research sample. Research Data regarding academic results and class attendance was collected from records of training section of the college and different departments. A pre tested semi structured questionnaire was distributed to the students to get their opinion regarding attendance and absence in the classes. Data was analyzed in terms of percentage and Chi- Square test using SPSS- 20 version of software. Male and female student ratio in this study was 168(35.36%): 307(64.64%). Majority of male students 142(84.52%) and female 282(91.86 %) obtained eligibility level of attendance. Considering item examinations 139(97.88%) male and 269(95.39%) female students completed the items in due time. Among students with good attendance male 133 (93.66%) and female 269(95.39%) passed the Term final exams regularly. In Professional examinations 128(90.14%) male and 261(92.55%) female students with better attendance passed at first chance. Statistically result by Chi-Square test showed significant result. Considering reasons for presence in the class 475(100%) students said it is a requirement for qualification to sit for professional MBBS examinations, 472(99.37%) attended to get clear idea about topic of discussion, 471(99.16%) opted for getting chance for interaction with class teacher, 468(98.53%) gave opinion about getting suggestions and important questions for examination, 412(86.74%) found the topic interesting and 67(14.11%) attended class for avoiding fine for absence. Regarding absence in the class 54(11.37%) was sick, 51(10.74%) found the class boring, 44(9.26%) felt the topic boring, 41(8.63%) was busy otherwise, 37(7.79%) thought they could get notes from friends, 22(4.63%) was on leave and 17(3.58%) thought they could pass subject without attending the classes. Students with regular attendance in class generally have positive effect since they get benefit from having better examination results, higher self concept, higher standardized test scores and educational attainment.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2017;12(2): 58-63

scholarly journals COMPLICATIONS OF TRACHEOSTOMY AND LEADING FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS PRESENTING AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, KARACHI

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-78
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fahad Wasim ◽  
Naeem Riaz ◽  
Sohail Aslam ◽  
Syed Muhammad Asad Shabbir Bukhari ◽  
Humza Mumtaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Association ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emergency Tracheostomy ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective: To look for the complications of tracheostomy and factors correlated with presence of these complications at a tertiary care teaching hospital of Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: ENT department, Operation Theater, Emergency department and Critical Care Unit of Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital, Karachi Pakistan, from Apr to Oct 2019. Methodology: Sixty nine patients who underwent tracheostomy were included in the analysis. Final decision regarding offering the procedure of tracheostomy to the patient was made by consultant ENT specialist in liaison with the primary treating physician. Patients were assessed for the complications during the procedure, immediately after the procedure, 48 hours after the procedure and one week after the procedure. Results: Out of sixty nine patients included in the study, 8 (11.6%) patients underwent emergency tracheostomy while 61 (88.4%) underwent elective tracheostomy. Ten (14.5%) had undergone percutaneous procedure while 59 (85.5%) had undergone open surgical procedure. Hemorrhage was the commonest complication reported followed by dislodgement. With Pearson chi-square test, we found that increasing age (45 years) and emergency tracheostomy had strong association with the presence of complications among the patients undergoing tracheostomy. Conclusion: Tracheostomy emerged as a safe procedure with mostly minor self-limiting complications. Surgeon performing this procedure should be aware of these common complications and should give information care to the patients prior to the procedure. Patients who are elderly or undergoing emergency tracheostomy should be dealt with special care while doing this life saving procedure.

scholarly journals Assessment of breastfeeding position and attachment (ABPA) in a tertiary care centre in Chennai, India: an observational descriptive cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2209
Author(s):  
Nalini Aswathaman ◽  
Mohamed Sajjid ◽  
C. N. Kamalarathnam ◽  
A. T. Arasar Seeralar
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Correct Position ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Correct Technique

Background: Effective breastfeeding becomes an art with experience. Correct position and attachment is the first step necessary for exclusive breast feeding. However, studies assessing correct position and attachment for breastfeeding in South India are sparse. Hence our study aimed to assess the percentage of mother infant dyads with correct breastfeeding position and attachment along with factors influencing them in a Tertiary care Hospital.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the stable dyads in Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology using quasi random sampling. 101 dyads were observed for correct position, attachment and effective suckling using WHO B-R-E-A-S-T feed observation form and were scored. Data was analyzed using SPSS software with chi square test, univariate logistic regression and spearman correlation test.Results: Among the 101 dyads, only 30.7% of them had good or average position, 52.47% had good or average attachment and 62.3% had effective suckling at breast. There was significant correlation between breast problem in mother with incorrect position and poor attachment. NICU stay and breast problems were significantly associated with poor attachment. Effective suckling improved significantly as gestational age matured and in infants who had no NICU stay.Conclusions: Practical demonstration on how to hold infants in correct breastfeeding position and drilling with key points for correct position and attachment as soon as possible after delivery will go a long way for promoting exclusive and effective breastfeeding by learning correct technique. Rechecking after counselling will reinforce this learned art.

scholarly journals Prevalence of cataract, its risk factors and the barriers to cataract surgery among older women in a rural population of Cuddalore

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 5338
Author(s):  
Merlin S. J. Doss ◽  
P. Kalyani ◽  
A. John William Felix
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sunlight Exposure ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Cataract is the leading causes of vision impairment and preventable blindness in populations aged 50 and older. Advancing age, diabetes, hypertension, tobacco use and sunlight exposure are proven risk factors for cataract development. The prevalence of cataract is higher in low-income settings compared to high-income regions and also higher among females, compared to males. Hence this study has been conducted among a rural female population, aged 50 and above.Methods: The data collection for this descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 4 months (December 2019 to March 2020), in a rural area of Chidambaram, Cuddalore. 397 study participants (202 females and 195 males) were interviewed using a semi-structured proforma, and examined accordingly. Of this, only the 202 females were included in this study, for estimating the prevalence of cataract among female population aged 50 and above. Data was analysed using SPSS statistical software presented as frequencies. Chi square test was used for finding association.Results: The overall prevalence of cataract in the present study is 64.9% (54.5% unilateral and 10.4% bilateral). Risk factors such as age, hypertension, diabetes, tobacco usage and sunlight exposure were significantly associated with the prevalence of cataract (p<0.05, 95% CI). Personal attitudinal reasons like neglect, no felt need and nobody to accompany were the most commonly encountered barriers to cataract surgery.Conclusions: Targeted camps, health education and screening programs can help overcome the unique barriers to surgery faced by females.

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